• Mycobiology
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.87-91
• /
• 2015

Eighteen endophytic fungi with different colony morphologies were isolated from the roots of Nymphoides peltata growing in the Dalsung wetland. The fungal culture filtrates of the endophytic fungi were treated to Waito-c rice seedling to evaluate their plant growth-promoting activities. Culture filtrate of Y2H0002 fungal strain promoted the growth of the Waito-c rice seedlings. This strain was identified on the basis of sequences of the partial internal transcribed spacer region and the partial beta-tubulin gene. Upon chromatographic analysis of the culture filtrate of Y2H0002 strain, the gibberellins (GAs: $GA_1$, $GA_3$, and $GA_4$) were detected and quantified. Molecular and morphological studies identified the Y2H0002 strain as belonging to Aspergillus clavatus. These results indicated that A. clavatus improves the growth of plants and produces various GAs, and may participate in the growth of plants under diverse environmental conditions.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.15-21
• /
• 2016

Aspergillus는 가장 흔하게 감염을 일으키는 기회 감염균이다. 검사실에서 Aspergillus의 동정은 대부분 형태학적으로 이루어진다. 최근에는 형태학적으로 동정이 안 되거나, 속 수준까지만 동정이 되는 까다로운 균들 동정하기 위하여 분자유전학적인 방법들이 제안되고 있다. 임상검체에서 분리한 475건의 Aspergillus는 Aspergillus fumigatus 257주(54.1%), A. niger 101주(21.3%), A. flavus 43주(9.1%), A. terreus 29주(6.1%), Aspergillus nidulans 2주(0.4%), 그리고 Aspergillus clavatus 1주(0.2%), 그리고 Aspergillus species는 42주(8.8%)이었다. 미동정 균주와 종 구분을 위한 11건의 염기서열분석에서는 Aspergillus fumigatus 5주, Aspergillus falvus 1주, Aspergillus terreus 1주, Aspergillus lentulus 1주 동정되었다. Aspergillus versicolor 2주, 그리고 1주는 Emericella parvathecia로 동정되었다. Aspergillus의 92.2%는 형태학적으로 동정이 가능하였고, 8.8%는 종 수준의 동정이 불가능하였다. 종 수준의 동정을 하기 위해서는 ITS와 D1D2를 이용한 염기서열분석이 유용한 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.158-166
• /
• 2009

On the basis of morphological characteristics, of total 128 strains of from sputum of tuberculos inpatient were identified as A. fumigatus (61 strains), A. niger (37), A. flavus (26), A. versicolor (1), A. nidulans (1), A. clavatus (1) and Neosartorya fennelliae (1). These strains were re-identified according to recent Aspergillus classification system which is mainly based on molecular characteristics. The strains were grouped by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques. The representative strains from each group were sequenced with partial ${\beta}$-tubulin gene and compared with those of reference strains in the Aspergillus and were identified by the sequence. The identification was confirmed by morphology examination. As the results, they are reidentified as A. fumigatus (58), A. niger (11), A. tubingensis (26), A. flavus (27), A. sydowii (3), A. nidulans (1), A. clavatus (1) and Neosatorya fennelliae (1). This is the first report of A. tubuingensis in clinical field in Korea.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 1987

창덕궁의 유물고에 소장되어 있는 섬유질 문화재로부터 섬유소 분해균을 분리하기 위하여 두 단계의 선별을 거쳐서 섬유소 분해능이 강력한 Cellulolytic fungus를 분리하였다. 이 균주는 형태학적인 분류기준을 통하여 Aspergillus clavatus로 동정되었다. 이 균주에서 CMC 액체배지에서의 CMCase, avicelase와 salicinase의 생성은 $30^{\circ}C$의 shaking culture 조건에서 5 일에 가장 높았으며, 그 이후는 점차 감소하였다. crude extracellularenzyme 을 $70%(NH_4)_2SO_4$ 포화용액에서 침전시켜 20mM acetate buffer(pH 6.0)로 dialysis시킨후 효소에 대한 여러가지 성질을 비교하였다. CMCase와 avicelase의 최적 pH는 모두 pH6.0으로 중성에 가까왔으며 두 효소의 최적온도는 모두 $50^{\circ}C$이었다. 효소의 열에 대한 안정도에서는 CMCase, avicelase 모두 $30-50^{\circ}C$에서 안정성을 유지하였고 또한 효소의 활성에 미치는 기질농도의 영향을 보먼 CMCase는 1.5%에서 avicelase는 2.2%에서 최고의 활성을 나타냈다. 금속이온의 영향을 살펴본 결과 $Mg^{++}$와 $Ca^{++}$는 5mM에서 효소의 활성이 최고에 달하였으며 $Cu^{++}$와 $Zn^{++}$에서는 농도가 증가할수록 효소의 활성이 저해되었다. 또한 이 균주의 섬유소 분해효소는 2-mercaptoethanol, $I_2$, $NaN_3$ 등의 저해제에 의하여 활성이 크게 저해되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.759-766
• /
• 1997

From Nuruks, a traditional Korean starter for rice wine, collected from 42 different areas in Korea, 111 fungal strains were isolated. These isolates were identified as 25 species belonging to seven genera of Rhizopus oryzae(14 strains), R. oligosporus(8 strains), R. nigricans(5 strains), R. arrhizus (5 strains), Aspergillus oryzae(12 strains),Asp. parasiticus(8 strains), Asp. fumigatus(3 strains), Asp. ochraceus(7 strains), Asp. wentii(5 strains), Asp. parasiticus(8 strains), Asp. penicilloides(3 strains), Asp. clavatus(4 strains), Penicillium purpurogenum(2 strains), Pen. glabrum(1 strain), Pen. granulaturm (1 strsin), Pen. fellutanum(1 strain), Geotrichum candidum(2 strains), Absidia corymbifera(12 strains), Mucor racemosus(2 strains), M. plumbeus(2 strains) and Curvularia lunatus(3 strains).

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제56권3호
• /
• pp.341-347
• /
• 2012

A series of 2-(4-chlorophenylimino)-5-((3-(p-substituted phenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) methylene) thiazolidin-4-one ($\mathbf{3a-h}$) compounds were prepared from the 2-(4-chlorophenylimino) thiazolidin-4-one ($\mathbf{1}$) and 1-phenyl-3-(p-substituted phenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde ($\mathbf{2a-h}$). All compounds were characterized by elemental (C, H, N) analysis and spectral (FT-IR, $^1H$ NMR and GC-MS) analysis. These newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Antimicrobial activity was observed and evaluated against the bacterial strains like Eschericha coli (MTCC 443), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 1688), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 96), Streptococcus pyogenes (MTCC 442) and against the fungal strains like Candida albicans (MTCC 227), Aspergillus niger (MTCC 282) and Aspergillus clavatus (MTCC 1323). All the synthesized compounds were found to possess moderate to excellent antimicrobial activity against above selected strains.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.205-210
• /
• 1977

시판(市販) 고추가루에서 13종의 곰팡이(Aspergillus amstelodami, Asp. clavatus, Asp. flavus, Asp. chevalieri, Asp. janus var. effusus, Asp. oryzae, Asp, oryzae var. brevis, Asp. repens, Asp. sydowi, Asp. thomii, Asp. tubingensis, Penicillium thomii, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis와 5종의 세균(Bacillus pumilus, Bac. subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, M. varians, Staphylococcus aureus)이 분리(分離), 동정(同定)되었다. 이들 미생물의 방사선 감수성(感受性)($D_{10}$ 값)을 보면 곰팡이는 $14{\sim}41\;krad$, 세균은 영양세포(營養細胞)가 $11{\sim}24\;krad$, 포자(胞子)가 $190{\sim}250\;krad$이었다. 햇 고추가루 중의 곰팡이 수는 1 g당 $2{\sim}3{\times}10^2$개, 세균은 $3{\sim}6{\times}10^7$개 이므로 200 krad의 방사선 조사(照射)로서 세균의 영양세포와 곰팡이 포자는 충분히 사멸(死滅)시킬 수 있다고 생각된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.148-153
• /
• 1975

국내의 변질미(變質米)에서 분리, 동정된 7종의 독소생성(毒素生成)곰팡이 Aspergillus clavatus, Asp. flavus var. columnaris, Asp. fumigatus, Asp. ochraceus, Penicillium citrinum, Pen. implicatum 및 Pen. islandicum의 코발트-60 감마선에 대한 감수성(感受性)을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 공시(共試)한 모든 곰팡이의 분생포자(分生胞子)에 대한 생존곡선(生存曲線)은 S자형을 나타냈으며 11.56 krad/min의 선량율(線量率)에서 $D_{10}$값은 $14{\sim}33$ krad, 유도선량(誘導線量)은 $12{\sim}56$ krad, 200 krad 에서의 불활성화계수(不活性化係數)는 $4.6{\sim}12.8$이었다. Asp. flavus와 Pen. islandicum분생포자(分生胞子)의 방사선(放射線) 감수성(感受性)에 미치는 선량율(線量率)의 영향을 보면 고선량율(高線量率)(11.56 krad/min)은 저선량율(低線量率)(2.67 krad/min)보다 $D_{10}$값의 감소를 가져왔다.

• 셀메드
• /
• 제2권4호
• /
• pp.37.1-37.4
• /
• 2012

In the present study, the volatile oil, chloroform extract and methanol extract of the woods of the plants Cedrus deodara and Pinus roxburghii were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus clavatus using the Agar diffusion method. The susceptibilities of the microorganisms to the extracts were compared with each other and with a selected standard antibiotic. It was observed that the volatile oil and chloroform extracts showed the significant antibacterial activities while the least antibacterial activity was recorded with the methanolic extracts. The higher Minimum Inhibitory Concentration value of the extracts and oils against fungus suggested that the plants may possess less antifungal activity. Phytochemical analysis and thin-layer chromatography profiling revealed the presence of flavonoids and terpenoids in the oil and chloroform extracts, which could explain the antimicrobial activity. The findings suggest that the Cedrus deodara and Pinus roxburghii have antimicrobial properties and they can be used in the treatment of infectious diseases. However, further work is required in order to isolate the active constituents of the plants responsible for the antibacterial activity.

• 보존과학연구
• /
• 통권5호
• /
• pp.148-166
• /
• 1984

The Investigation of organisms damaged to papers and cellulose materials of Cultural Property in the Ch'ang Dok Palace The investigation of the airborne fungi, the attached fungi to the papers and cellulose materials of Cultural Properties in addition to the insects inhabiting at the Ku Sonwon Jon, Shin Sonwon Jon and Yonwa ch'anggo in the Ch'ang Dok Palace carried out from Jul. 10 to Jul. 21,1984.The results are summarized as follows ;1. Isolation and identification of the airborne fungi from the three storages were Cladosporium sp., Alternaria alternata, As pergillus cervinus, A. flavus, A. nidulance, A. oryzae, A. terreus, A. versicolor, A. wentii, Penicillium adametzii, P.albicans, P.canescens, P. citreo-viride, P. citrinums, P. decumbens, P. frequentans, P. funiculosum, P.herquei, P.implicatum, P.multicolor, P.nigricans, P.nonatum,P.purpurogenum, P.roqueforti, P.viridicatum, Trichodema viride, Geotrichumcandidum, Curvvlaria lunata, Torula hebarum, T.thermophila, Itersoniliasalmonicolor, Drechsclera avenue, Candida sp., Acremonium sp., and Botrytis sp., It was found that thirty five species in thirteen genera was isolated. Among them, the dominant species was Cladosporium sp., and the order was Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria and so on.2. The attached fungi directly isolated from the papers and cellulose materials of Cultural Properties were twenty-nine species in fourteen genera, namely, Acremonium sp., Albertiniella sp., Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus clavatus,A.niger, A.ornatus, A.versicolor, Botrytis sp., Bysochlamys sp., Carpenteles sp.,Chaetomium globosum, Cladosporium sp., Eurotium sp., Mucor sp., Penicilliumcanescens, P.chermesium, P.citrinum, P.frequentans, P.funiculosum, P.herqueiP .implicatum, P.javanicum, P.luteum, P.purpurogenum, P.thomii, P.viridicatum, Torula thermophila, Trichoderma koningi and T.viride. Among them, the mostfungi distributed on the surface of the papers and cellulose materials was Penicillium and the order was Aspergillus, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Trichodermaand so on.3. The insects collected the three storages were ten genera and ten species including 916 specimens. By classifying the insects collected, the most species of the insects was Stenoscelodes hayashii of 857 specimens occupied about 93% of the total insect. And the other insects were collected as Microgamme costipennisAnobium pertinax, Xenomimetes alni, Anthrenus verbasci, Holoparmecus signatus,Thermobia domestica, Halyomorpha brevis, Drosophila coracine and Brattaorientalis. As described above, it could be known that the most airborne fungi was Cladosporium and the order was Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria in the three storages. And the most attached fungi distributed on the surface of papers and cellulose materials was Penicillium and the other fungi were Aspergillus, Alternaria Cladosporium, Trichoderma and so on. Accordingly, from the results, itwas assumed that the major part of airborne fungi were attached to the papers and cellulose materials of Cultural Properties. The paper and cellulose materials of Cultural Properties in Ch'ang Dok Palace were chiefly damaged by S.hayashii in Coleoptera.