• 수완나부미
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.51-89
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• 2017

Strategically situated between the East-West maritime crossroads, the peoples of Southeast Asia over the centuries witnessed the comings and goings of traders from territories from East Asia, South Asia, West Asia and Europe. There were also those from North America that crossed the Pacific for commercial profits in this region. Foreign traders undoubtedly in the course of their visits and sojourns had liaisons with local women, some engaged in marriages. Offspring of these interracial miscegenation possessed rather unique characteristics. As a community, they were identified with the Malay term, peranakan, from the root word, "anak" meaning "child," hence "offspring" or "descendent". Specific terms - Baba Nyonya, Tionghoa-Selat, Chitty, Jawi Pekan, Pashu, Kristang - referred to particular groups. Although socially they appeared 'neither here nor there', members of mixed parentage were able to carve an especial niche in the local environment throughout Southeast Asia, conspicuously in urban, port-cities where trade and commerce predominated. Following in the footsteps of their progenitor, the Peranakan acted as intermediaries, comprador between foreign and indigenous enterprises, profiting financially and socially from trade and commerce. Tapping on the author's personal experiences and first-hand observations, complementing with oral sources, and support from secondary materials, this present essay explores, discusses, and analyzes the eclectic sociocultural practices and traditions of the Baba Nyonya of George Town, Penang. Purposeful intention is to further enlighten our understanding, and in turn, our appreciation, of these ever increasingly diminishing communities and their cultures across Southeast Asia.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.135-143
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• 2011

The market of conferences and expos of traditional/ complementary and alternative medicine has not been mature enough while interests in those medicines are growing fast. Meanwhile, some related events in Europe, North America, and Asia, held on regular basis, have reached to the international level in size, such as CAMExpo The Complementary, Natural & Healthcare Show in Europe, Integrative Healthcare Symposium in North America, Ayurveda Congress & Arogya Expo in India, International Conference and Exhibition of the Modernization of Chinese Medicine & Health Products in Hong Kong. Those events have been held for 10 years or so, initiated their own features, and secured their own regular booth exhibitors and visitors. They open the homepage on the internet one or two years before their events are held and vigorously advertise their events on yearly basis. To succeed in, and bear fruits from, the 2013 World Traditional Medicine Expo in Sancheong, it is needed to analyze strong points of the events above and benchmark a practical timeline and technical road map to the 2013 Expo from them.

• ALGAE
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2007

Sargassum filicinum Harvey, a brown alga (Phaeophyceae) native to Northeastern Asia, has been recently reported from the coast of Southern California (USA). Here we report the occurrence and range extension of this introduced species, as we found the alga at La Jolla and Rancho Packard in Todos Santos Bay, Baja California, Mexico. The first collections of S. filicinum correspond to several immature plants, found on September 8, 2005, drifting in the intertidal zone at La Jolla. Later on November 9, 2006, we found a well-established population in Rancho Packard in the middle intertidal zone to 2 m depth. Since S. filicinum is an annual monoecious species with air bladders, the risk there is a high risk of spreading rapidly along the Pacific, as in the case for S. muticum. The population in Rancho Packard extends 500 m along the coast, consisting mainly of young plants with an average length of 30 cm and a density of 5 thallus/m2. This is the first record of this invasive species for the Mexican Pacific coast, and it represents the southern limit along the Pacific coast of North America. This finding suggests that this invasive species has successfully colonized the Pacific coast of North America and its distributional range is still expanding.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.38-38
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• 2018

The genus Carduus (Asteraceae), containing ca. 90 species, is mainly distributed in Eurasia and Africa. Carduus species are one of the most hazardous invasive species, which causes serious environmental threats and biodiversity damages in North America. Thus, the member of Carduus are targeted for classical biological control in this region. Here, we provide the complete cp genome of Carduus crispus using next-generation sequencing technology. The size of cp genomes of C. crispus is 152,342 bp. It shows a typical quadripartite structure, consisting of the large single copy (LSC; 83,254 bp), small single copy (SSC; 18,706 bp), separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs; 25,191 bp). It contains 115 unique genes of which 21 genes duplicated in the IR regions. The cpSSR regions of Carduus species were searched through the complete chloroplast genome sequence using a tandem repeat search tool in Geneious with the parameters set to ${\geq}7$ mononucleotide repeats, ${\geq}4$ di- and trinucleotide repeats, and ${\geq}3$ tetra-, penta-, and hexanucleotide repeats. A total of 22 repeat motifs were identified, which may be useful for molecular identification of Korean Carduus species (C. cripus), and providing a guideline for its conservation.

• 한류연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2022

Recently, as the status of South Korean popular culture has risen, the Korean Wave is gaining popularity not only in Asia but also in Europe, America, and South America, and is currently at the center of the global cultural phenomena. Among them, in particular, the cultural content industry has been developing rapidly thanks to the Korean Wave. Currently, the Korean Wave is spreading all over the world while bringing about positive effects to South Korea. In fact, until 2017, political and social issues such as 'North Korea/North Korean nuclear weapons' and 'Korean War' were considered as the images associated with South Korea, but from 2018, it has been shown that all images associated with South Korea are cultural content except for 'IT industry'. Given the economic effects that can be obtained not only from the positive associated images of South Korea per se but also from the complex action with various industries in South Korea, the craze for the Korean Wave can be viewed as affecting the overall national prestige of South Korea. For the steady vogue of the Korean Wave, thorough investigation of the Korean Wave and understanding of the expectations of consumers of the Korean Wave seem to be necessary

• 대중서사연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.251-276
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• 2020

이 서평논문의 목적은 『유럽과 북미 지역 접경지대 연구의 세계화(Globalizing Borderlands Studies in Europe and North America』를 비판적으로 읽음으로써 현재까지 유럽과 북미 지역에서 진행된 접경지대 연구의 동향을 살피고 그 서사의 확장 가능성과 한계를 논하는 데 있다. 이 책은 고대에서 현대까지 유럽과 북미 지역의 접경지대들을 대상으로 한 다양한 사례연구들을 소개한다. 공동연구의 목적과 정의를 명확히 하기 위한 서론 챕터와 접경연구의 미래에 대한 전망을 다룬 짧은 결론 챕터 외에 총 10개 챕터로 구성된다. 이 챕터들은 크게 두 가지 측면에서 현 접경연구에 중요한 시사점을 던져준다. 첫째, 이제껏 접경연구를 선도해온 유럽과 북미(대개 미국) 학계의 연구자들이 관심을 기울인 지역과 대상들에 대해 알 수 있게 해준다. 그렇게 접경연구의 현주소를 점검하고 축적된 성과들을 발판으로 다른 지역(특히 아시아)에 존재하는 다양한 접경지대에 대한 연구가 가능할 것인지, 소위 세계화라는 연구의 확장 가능성 또한 전망한다. 둘째, '접경지대'라고 하면 일반적으로 떠올리게 되는 물리적(physical)인 공간으로서의 접경지대를 넘어, 개념적(conceptual)인 공간으로서의 접경지대를 소개한다. '개념적 접경지대'의 사례는 한 개인의 정체성에서부터 통치 방식, 종교, 경제, 사회제도, 가족, 노동, 공중보건, 젠더 문제에 이르기까지 매우 다양하다. 그러나 한계점 역시 존재한다. 공동연구의 한계라고 할 수 있는 일관된 용어 사용의 부재, 유럽과 북미 지역이라는 배경적 한계 때문인지 여전히 제국주의 담론 내에서 접경지대를 이해하려 한다는 점, 따라서 여기서 그리고 있는 접경지대의 대부분이 갈등과 투쟁의 공간에서 벗어나지 못했다는 점 등이다. 그럼에도, 이 책은 여러 접경연구의 가능성을 제시했다는 점과 지정학적으로 대륙세력과 해양세력의 접경지대에 위치한 한반도의 현 상황을 이해하는데 도움을 준다는 점에서 현재적인 의의가 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2583-2589
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• 2013

Purpose: Studies have indicated that diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for bladder cancer; however, not all evidence supports this conclusion. The aim of this meta-analysis was to collate and evaluate all primary observational studies investigating the risk of bladder cancer associated with DM. Methods: The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify studies that estimated the association of DM and bladder cancer. Summary effect estimates were derived using a random-effects meta-analysis model. Results: A total of 23 studies (8 case-control studies, 15 cohort studies) including 643,683 DM and 4,819,656 non-DM cases were identified. Analysis of all studies showed that DM was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer compared with non-DM overall (OR=1.68, 95% CI 1.32-2.13). Analysis of subgroups demonstrated this to be the case in both case-control studies (OR=1.59, 95% CI 1.28-1.97, $I^2$=58%) and cohort studies (RR=1.70, 95% CI 1.23-2.33, $I^2$=96%). There was no gender difference in DM-associated bladder cancer risk. Bladder cancer risk was increased in Asia and the North America region, but not in Europe. Furthermore, DM-associated bladder cancer risk was obviously higher in Asia than North America and Europe or in those with Caucasian ethnicity. With extension of follow-up time, the bladder cancer risk was not increased for the patients with DM. Conclusions: This meta-analysis provided further evidence supporting theDM association with a significantly higher risk of bladder cancer obtained from observational studies.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.123-144
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate affection on how users perceive colors viewed from an automotive visual display according to cultural and radical differences including North America, Europe, and Southeast Asia. This study especially aims to identify effects of the variation of tone and chroma of representative color groups by analyzing affection differences depending on cultural and racial differences targeting the colors constituted through variation of tone and chroma, centered on representative colors. Background: The colors of the menu, information display or background viewed through an automotive visual display are an important factor stimulating consumer's affection, and therefore an effort to express the vehicle's brand and product image through colors is made. The studies on colors focus only on the research on unique characteristics of colors, but an affective approach lacks according to cultural and racial differences on colors considering tone and chroma variation within a color from the currently used automotive visual displays. Method: To grasp the visual affection felt by users, this study extracted affective adjectives related with colors through existing literature and a dictionary for adjectives, and presented human affection dimensions on colors through evaluation of various colors. Prior to carrying out affection evaluation, the basic light sources, red (R), green (G), and blue (B) constituting the colors used for automotive visual displays were defined as a representative color group, respectively. When colors in a color group are constituted, the evaluation target of each color group consisted of the colors considering the variation of tone and chroma by changing color sense through RGB values of the remaining two light sources. And then, this study carried out affection evaluation on the constituted colors targeting the subjects with cultural and racial differences. Results: As a result of evaluating the constituted colors with representative affections, there were statistically significant differences between the groups having cultural and racial differences. As a result of S-N-K post-hoc analysis on the colors showing significant differences, North America and Europe were classified as heterogeneous groups. In some cases, Korea was classified as the homogeneous group with North America, but Korea was mainly classified as the homogenous group with Europe. Conclusion: The representative affections on colors from an automotive visual display was drawn as three affective dimensions: passionate, neat, and masculine. Based on these, the affection of Korea and Europe on the constituted colors showed significant differences from that of North America, as a result of affection evaluation on the constituted colors viewed through the visual display by reflecting cultural and racial factors. Regarding representative color groups, bigger cultural and racial differences were revealed in terms of affection on red and green colors than on blue color, and variation of affection was the biggest in the red color. Application: This study analyzed correlations of affection considering the colors constituted through variation of tone and chroma, and the culture and race in the representative color groups constituting a visual display. The results of this study are predicted to be utilized in coordination and selection of colors viewed from an automotive visual display taking into account culture and race.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.395-402
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• 1991

해저 광섬유 케이블 링크는 저손실 광섬유의발달과 광대역 데이터 전송 능력 때문에 많은 국가 및 대륙에서 주요 전송 매체가 되고 있다. 미국 및 일본은 북동아시아 지역의 국제 해저 광케이블 링크 전실을 적극 추진하고 있다. 그러나 이 링크는 한국에 연결되어 있지 않아서 한국은 국제 통신망에서 고립되게 되었다. 따라서 이 논문은 적은 투자로서 한국이 북동아시아 지역의 HUB-Station이 되도록 할 수 있는 해저 광케이블 링크 전략을 나타낸다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.252-258
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• 2021

Given the cyclicality, seasonality, and capital-intensiveness, the development of the shipping industry has long been contingent on corporate financing activities. As such, there have been a growing number of cities in East Asia pursuing a global maritime financial center in order to support their domestic shipping industry. However, it is widely accepted that financial services relevant to shipping in East Asia are quite under-developed compared to those of other leading maritime financial centers in Europe and North America. In this regard, this paper aimed to construct an evaluation index of maritime financial centers in terms of financial ecological environment for the purpose of highlighting the current status of development and suggesting future directions. Furthermore, this paper examined the development of shipping finance in Qingdao as a numerical example using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and compared results with those of Shanghai.