• Title/Summary/Keyword: Asia country

검색결과 680건 처리시간 0.031초

한·중·일 전통주거의 재료적용 특성 비교 연구 - 각국 대표 상류주택을 중심으로 - (A Comparative Study on Application of Material in Traditional Residents of Korea, China and Japan - Focusing on Representative Upper-class House -)

  • 김휘경;최경란
    • 한국과학예술포럼
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    • 제19권
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    • pp.293-305
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    • 2015
  • 글로벌 시대의 대두와 동시에 각 나라 고유의 문화적 특성이 중요시 되는 현 시점에서, 자국의 문화정체성 확립은 이제 필수 불가결한 요소가 되었다. 이에 전통문화연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있으며, 특히 주거건축의 연구는 총체적인 문화연구 지표로 활용될 수 있는 가치를 가지고 있다. 본 연구는 조형의 기본요소인 재료를 중심으로 실제적인 조사를 통해 한국 중국 일본의 전통건축의 적용 특성을 파악하여, 동아시아의 주거건축문화를 비교하는 동시에 우리나라만의 고유특성을 파악하는 데에 목적이 있다. 연구는 문헌조사와 현지답사를 함께 진행하였으며 연구의 대상이된 건축물은 한국(반가) - 무첨당, 중국(사합원) - 공왕부, 일본(쇼인츠쿠리) - 도큐도이다. 한·중·일의 건축 재료는 목재, 석재, 토재의 자연재료와 금속재, 지재, 기와, 전, 유리 등의 인공재료를 조합하여 건축을 구성하고 있으며, 이런 공통적 특징은 건축구성적인 부분에서 많이 나타나고 있다. 하지만 실내구성으로 갈수록 서로 다른 재료의 선택과 적용의 차이를 보이며 각 나라의 풍토, 가공방식, 생활문화에 맞는 재료를 선택하여 적용하고 있었다. 먼저 나라마다 식생과 기후에 영향을 받은 재료를 선택함으로써, 각 나라의 식생환경을 주거를 통해 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 입식-좌식 문화의 특성, 실내구성에서 종이 마감 등 한국과 일본이 비슷한 양상을 보이는 반면, 중국은 확연히 차이를 보임을 알 수 있었다. 특히 재료의 가공과 관련해서 한국은 인위적 가공을 줄여 대체적으로 거칠고 투박한 질감을 그대로 느낄 수 있는 반면, 일본은 직재의 사용으로 정돈되고 세련된 느낌의 건축 표현이 이루어졌다. 중국은 세 나라 중에 재료의 인위적 가공이 가장 높았으며, 중국의 채색문화와 관련이 깊다는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 벽돌, 유리 등 세부 건축 재료에 관련 기술들이 상당히 발전되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이는 '한국의 건축이 중국과 일본의 중간적 성격을 띄고 있다' 는 기존의 연구 결과와 상반되는 것으로 재료적 측면에 있어서는 자연미를 강조한 한국과 인위적인 미를 강조한 중국에 일본이 중간적 입장에서 재료를 적용한 모습을 알 수 있었다. 이렇듯 재료의 비교를 통해 한·중·일의 풍토성, 기능성, 심미성 등의 비물질적 요소가 주거와 어떤 관련을 가지고 적용되었는지 본 논문을 통해 확인 할 수 있다.

Concept and Indicators of Eco-Efficient Water Infrastructure for Asia and the Pacific

  • Lee, Seung-Ho;Kang, Boo-Sik;Hong, Il-Pyo
    • 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국수자원학회 2009년도 학술발표회 초록집
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    • pp.2169-2175
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    • 2009
  • This research aims to evaluate the concept of eco-efficient water infrastructure and provides a list of case studies in order to help understand the applicability of eco-efficient water infrastructure to Asia and the Pacific. A set of indicators have been explored to assess eco-efficiency in water infrastructure for the region on a micro and macro scale. The core idea of eco-efficiency, 'more value with less impact (on the environment)', has proven to be applicable in management of water infrastructure. The fundamental elements in eco-efficient water infrastructure should encompass physical infrastructure and non-physical infrastructure, which is more needed particularly in Asian countries. The case studies have demonstrated the applicability of the concept of eco-efficient water infrastructure. The Republic of Korea has provided the case of the eco-friendly approaches to enhance dam management and its innovative solutions how to use water more efficiently through state-of-art technologies. The experiences of Singapore are some of the best evidence to establish eco-efficient water infrastructure, for instance, the NEWater project via application of cutting edge technologies (recycled water) and institutional reform in water tariff systems to conserve water as well as enhance water quality. A list of indicators to assess eco-efficiency in water infrastructure have been discussed, and the research presents a myriad of project cases which are good to represent eco-efficiency in water infrastructure, including multipurpose small dams, customized flood defense systems, eco-efficient ground water use, and eco-efficient desalination plants. The study has presented numerous indicators in five different categories: 1) the status of water availability and infrastructure; 2) production and consumption patterns of freshwater; 3) agricultural products and sources of environmental loads; 4) damages from water-caused natural disaster; and 5) urban water supply and sanitation. There are challenges as well as benefits in such indicators, since the indicators should be applied very carefully in accordance with specific socio-economic, political and policy contexts in different countries in Asia and the Pacific Region. The key to success of establishment of eco-efficient water infrastructure in Asia primarily depends on the extent to which each country is committed to balancing its development of physical as well as non-physical water infrastructure. Particularly, it is imperative for Asian countries to transform its policy focus from physical infrastructure to non-physical infrastructure. Such shift will help lead to implementation of sustainable in Asian countries.

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중국의 동북아 물류중심화 현황과 발전전략에 관한 연구 (A Study of China's Condition as the Logistics Hub of Northeast Asia and a Development Strategy)

  • 오문갑
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.95-103
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    • 2014
  • Purpose - Korea has a better geographical location than other nations in the Northeast Asian region. This means that Korea has an opportunity to become the center of international physical distribution in Northeast Asia. Korea should take advantage of this opportunity by exploring appropriate strategies to achieve this goal, assuming government willingness, with a view to capitalizing on the geographical advantage of the Korean peninsula and constructing a comprehensive physical distribution network system. If we prepare for this scenario, Korea could become the center of international physical distribution in Northeast Asia. Research design, data, and methodology - This study has the purpose of determining how shipping companies form partnerships with third-party logistics providers, and the relevant implications. The survey methods used were personal interview and a questionnaire distributed through e-mail, fax, mail, and telephone. A total of 600 questionnaires were distributed, out of which 285 were returned. Of the collected questionnaires, 10 were excluded because of insufficient content, leaving 275 to be used in the study as available valid samples. The data that was collected from these samples was analyzed using the data coating process and by employing a statistical package program. Results - Flexible policies, administration, and systems will be needed to create better business practices. In this dissertation, first and foremost, the results reveal that in order to become the center of Northeast Asian logistics, Korea must transition into a new paradigm based on the current economic and social systems that have stemmed from bureaucracy, inflexibility, chauvinism, and egalitarianism. Flexible policies, administration, and systems will be required to create better business practices. Domestic logistics corporations need to occupy a strategic logistics hub, create a logistics network, and activate value-added logistics business strategies by ensuring significant manpower and by building a logistics information system to strengthen their competitive edge, creating an improved system. Conclusions - In this dissertation, first and foremost, we point out that in order to become a center of North East Logistics, Korea should change to a new paradigm from the old one based on current economic and social systems that have stemmed from bureaucracy, inflexibility, chauvinism, and egalitarianism. More reasonable business laws, systems, and policies based on market-driven flexibility and transparency should be created. Moreover, social norms and rules should be reasonably established, to accomplish political and social security. Korea has to cultivate a culture of tolerance for foreign companies. This involves a change of paradigm for the development of the capital city and satellite cities. It will take a powerful task force or organization to plan and execute the vision that aims to meet these needs, accomplish the necessary goals, use the appropriate system effectively, and make Korea a key country in the field of Northeast Asian logistics.

7.8세기 동아시아 2탑식가람의 생성과 전개에 관한 연구 (The generation and development of the Buddhist Temple having two pagodas in 7-8th centuries)

  • 김상태;박언곤
    • 건축역사연구
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    • 제12권4호
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    • pp.7-26
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    • 2003
  • This article works on the development process of the Buddhist Temple with two pagodas in the Eastern Asia. in 7-8th centuries. This study was motivated from the observation that why there are many the Buddhist Temple having two pagodas only around the late 7th century, roughly around 670 A.D.. This period corresponds to the Silla Dynasty(in Korean History) and Hakuho Period(in Japan History) among the Eastern Asia while the composition of the temple being changed as Buddhism spreads out from China. The results of this study are the followings. The appearance of the Buddhist Temple having two pagodas was resulted from the representation of the Ideology in Botabpum(dogma of pagoda security) of the Saddharmapundarika Sutra, that is to say, two Buddhas sit side by side and iconography of Esoteric Buddhism dogma supports the spirit for defending one's country. Buddhist Temple having two pagodas in China had separate tab-won(areas with pagodas outer temple building block). Buddhist Temple having two pagodas in Korea had begun with sacheunwangsa temple in Unified-Silla. But it had two pagodas with inner temple area instead of outer. This was different from the composition of China. It can be related to the layout of the temple haying two pagodas in East-Jin(in China History) and the sculpture of two pagodas in Ungang-stonecave(in China). Thus the layout of the Buddhist Temple having two pagodas in Silla had been originated from that of China, but was developed to the main temple layout on her own accord. As Japanese Temple having two pagodas had been influenced diplomatically, it had two pagodas inner area as like the layout in Shilla. But later under the influence of Tang it was modified to the layout having them in separate area. And this influence can be seen for example Tangchojaesa temple. For the more, We call see that the diplomatic trends according to the policies in East asia affected to Buddhism and then naturally also to the layout of the Buddhist Temple.

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한.중.일 물류산업 경쟁력과 물류협력방안 (Competitiveness and Cooperation of Logistics Industry in Northeast Asia)

  • 한철환
    • 한국항만경제학회지
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.139-157
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    • 2007
  • 본 논문은 한 중 일 3개국의 물류산업 구조와 규제현황을 통해 물류산업의 경쟁력을 진단해 보고, 향후 동북아지역의 공동번영을 위한 물류분야의 협력방안을 제시하였다. 한 중 일 물류산업의 경쟁력을 평가한 결과, 중국물류산업은 한국과 일본에 비해 GDP와 고용 등 국가경제에서 차지하는 비중이 상대적으로 적으나 향후 물류분야의 성장잠재력은 가장 큰 것으로 평가된다. 물류인프라 측면에서 볼 때 한국과 중국은 일본에 비해 비용경쟁력을 갖춘 것으로 평가된다. 또한 물류산업에 있어서 정부의 규제측면에서 한국은 중국과 일본에 비해 규제정도가 가장 낮아 물류산업의 자유화가 상당부분 진척된 것으로 평가할 수 있다. 이상의 결과는 동북아 3개국 물류산업에 대한 유의한 정책적 함의를 내포하고 있는바, 첫째, 중국의 경우 물류산업의 생산성을 제고하기 위해서는 SCM 등 최신 물류경영기법을 도입이 필요하며, 이를 위해서는 선진물류기법을 갖추고 있는 외국기업에 대한 문호개방이 효과적인 방안이 될 것이다. 둘째, 일본은 높은 물류인프라 비용과 물류산업에 대한 각종 규제가 물류산업의 경쟁력을 저해하고 있어 물류산업의 규제완화를 통해 기업의 자유로운 시장진입과 공정한 시장경쟁을 촉진할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 한국의 물류산업은 동북아 3개국 중 가장 경쟁력이 높은 것으로 평가되므로 향후 논의될 한 중 일 FTA협상에 있어서 물류분야를 전략적 협상분야로 적극 활용할 필요가 있다. 또한 본 논문은 동북아지역의 지속적 발전을 위한 물류협력방안으로써 동북아 복합일관 운송네트워크 구축을 통한 화물운송방안과 동북아 항공운송네트워크 구축을 통한 여객운송 방안을 제시하였다. 특히 부산이 동북아의 물류거점 나아가 유라시아의 관문으로 역할하기 위해 필요한 방안으로써 첫째, 철도페리시스템(Train Ferry System)과 Road Feeder System의 거점화, 둘째, 동북아 역내 경제교류 및 관광산업 발전에 따라 급증하고 있는 항공수요를 흡수하기 위한 동북아 항공셔틀서비스 구축, 셋째, 부산이 동북아 역내 도시간 네트워크 구축에 주도적 역할 수행 등을 제시하였다.

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Development of high yield rice of long grain type adaptable to South-East Asia tropical region

  • Cho, YC;Baek, MK;Park, HS;Nam, JK;Jeong, JM;Kim, WJ;Shin, WC;Song, YC;Cho, JH;Lee, JY;Kim, CS;Park, HG;Kim, BK
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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    • pp.339-339
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    • 2017
  • The long grain rice varieties adaptable to South-east Asia tropical regions were tried to develop in Cambodian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (CARDI), Cambodia. The final goal is to develop rice varieties which can culture in diverse environmental conditions of tropical regions of South-east Asia under climate change. We collected and evaluated for agronomic traits of 131 rice germplasm from Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Philippines and Vietnam in CARDI. We selected core germplasm including leading varieties of target countries and made 813 F1 cross combinations between leading varieties of each country and promising germplasm of high yield potential, resistance to biotic/abiotic stresses, aromatic rice, and so on. Out of 607 F1s evaluated to heading date, plant type, agronomic traits, and grain type, 106 F1s selected and advanced to F2 populations. 106 F2 populations were evaluated to major agronomic traits, grain type and yield-component traits, and selected 2,560 plants in 62 F2 populations. During six seasons in 2014~2016, the lines of F3 subsequent-generation were cultured a total of 6,256 lines. In yield trial for promising lines in F5 generation, the growth duration from sowing to harvesting was 97~114 days. These lines were 88~129 in number of grain per panicle, an average of 84.6% in the range of 79.3~91.9% in the percentage of ripened grain and 17.5~22.8g in 1000-brown rice weight. The rough rice yields were in the range of 4.33~6.06 ton/ha with an average of 5.23 ton/ha. The yield was increased to 5~47% than Chulsa and 12~41% than IR66. Five lines, KR54-28-1, KR55-14-2, KR57-5-2, KR67-57-2 and KR128-19-1 were 5.33~6.06 ton/ha in rough rice yield. These high yield potential lines would be evaluated to adaptability in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam during 2017.

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Development of high yield rice of long grain type adaptable to South-East Asia tropical region

  • Cho, YC;Baek, MK;Park, HS;Nam, JK;Jeong, JM;Kim, WJ;Shin, WC;Song, YC;Cho, JH;Lee, JY;Kim, CS;Park, HG;Kim, BK
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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    • pp.155-155
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    • 2017
  • The long grain rice varieties adaptable to South-east Asia tropical regions were tried to develop in Cambodian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (CARDI), Cambodia. The final goal is to develop rice varieties which can culture in diverse environmental conditions of tropical regions of South-east Asia under climate change. We collected and evaluated for agronomic traits of 131 rice germplasm from Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Philippines and Vietnam in CARDI. We selected core germplasm including leading varieties of target countries and made 813 F1 cross combinations between leading varieties of each country and promising germplasm of high yield potential, resistance to biotic/abiotic stresses, aromatic rice, and so on. Out of 607 F1s evaluated to heading date, plant type, agronomic traits, and grain type, 106 F1s selected and advanced to F2 populations. 106 F2 populations were evaluated to major agronomic traits, grain type and yield-component traits, and selected 2,560 plants in 62 F2 populations. During six seasons in 2014~2016, the lines of F3 subsequent-generation were cultured a total of 6,256 lines. In yield trial for promising lines in F5 generation, the growth duration from sowing to harvesting was 97~114 days. These lines were 88~129 in number of grain per panicle, an average of 84.6% in the range of 79.3~91.9% in the percentage of ripened grain and 17.5~22.8g in 1000-brown rice weight. The rough rice yields were in the range of 4.33~6.06 ton/ha with an average of 5.23 ton/ha. The yield was increased to 5~47% than Chulsa and 12~41% than IR66. Five lines, KR54-28-1, KR55-14-2, KR57-5-2, KR67-57-2 and KR128-19-1 were 5.33~6.06 ton/ha in rough rice yield. These high yield potential lines would be evaluated to adaptability in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam during 2017.

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동아시아 전통 천문학의 과학문화적 이해 (A Science Cultural Understanding of Traditional Astronomy in East Asia)

  • 이문규
    • 과학기술학연구
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.159-183
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    • 2012
  • 우리의 현실에 부합하는 과학문화를 창출하기 위해서는 과학기술의 외래성을 극복하고 전통과의 단절을 넘어설 필요가 있다. 이를 위해 전통과학의 대표적인 분야인 천문학을 통해 우리 전통과학의 특징을 이해하고 바람직한 과학문화 형성의 가능성을 모색하고자 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 고대 문명에서 처음 등장하는 천문학의 일반적인 특징을 살펴서 전통 천문학에는 과학의 한 분야로서 천문학적 지식과 함께 여러 문명마다 각기 다른 고유한 문화적 요소가 들어있다는 점에 주목한다. 천문학의 여러 세부 분야 중에서 사람들의 실생활과 밀접하게 연관되어 있으며 문화적 차이를 잘 드러내 주는 것은 시간의 과학이라고 할 수 있는 달력과 역법이다. 모든 고대 문명에서 해와 달의 운행을 기준으로 삼아 시간을 표현했지만, 시간을 구체적으로 어떤 방식으로 표현할 것인가 하는 문제는 각각의 문화마다 서로 달랐다. 그 결과 달력에서 음력과 양력 그리고 음력과 양력의 특성을 모두 가지고 있는 태음태양력 체계가 나타났다. 우리나라를 비롯한 동아시아에서는 태음태양력을 사용했는데, 동아시아에서 달력은 서양 세계와는 달리 복잡하고 정교한 천문학적 작업인 역법에서 도출된 것이다. 한편, 민간생활을 잘 보여주는 세시풍속에서도 태음태양력의 특징을 분명하게 찾을 수 있지만, 또한 세시풍속에는 이른바 미신적인 내용이 많이 들어 있기도 하다. 이런 점 때문에 우리의 달력 체계를 비과학적인 것이라고 오해하거나 나아가 전통과학 전반에 대해 과학적인 측면이 결여되어 있다고 의심하기 쉽다. 하지만 동아시아의 달력과 역법을 제대로 이해함으로써 우리 전통 속에 과학적인 측면이 분명하게 존재했다는 점을 확인할 수 있으며, 이것이 오늘날 과학기술의 외래성을 극복하고 전통과의 연결점을 찾을 수 있는 고리가 될 것이다.

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경제공간의 역동성과 동아시아지역 공간경제의 불균형 (Dynamics of Economic Spaces and Spatial Economic Inequality in East Asia)

  • 박삼옥
    • 대한지리학회지
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    • 제45권4호
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    • pp.478-501
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    • 2010
  • 이 연구의 목적은 경제공간의 역동성을 이끄는 세계화, 지식기반경제, 정보사회, 서비스세계의 4대 글로벌 메가트랜드를 통해 국가간 및 지역간에 나타나는 공간경제의 불균형을 이해하는 것이다. 동아시아를 대상으로 국가간 불균형과 일본, 한국, 태국을 사례 로 국가 내에서 지역간 불균형을 분석하였다. 4대 메가트랜드와 관련된 변수들을 모두 고려할 때, 4대 글로벌 메가트랜드는 국제적인 차원과 국가내의 지역적인 차원에서 불균형의 변이를 설명해주고 있다. 그러나 개별변수들이 공간적 불균형에 미치는 영향은 분석의 공간적 규모와 국가적 특성에 따라 달리 나타난다. 대체로 동아시아국가들간에 1인당 GNI는 수렴하는 경향을 보이고, 한 국가내의 지역차원에서는 불균형이 줄어드는 경향과 확대하는 경향이 함께 나타나고 있다. 1970년대의 두 차례의 석유파동과 1990년대 말경의 동아시아 금융위기는 일반적인 불균형완화경향의 연속성을 단절시키는 결과를 초래했고, 경제활동의 지역간 국제간 불균형을 증가시켰다. 이는 세계적인 위기의 영향이 국가에 따라 다르지만 일반적으로 주변국가와 주변지역의 경제는 세계적 경제위기상황에서 더욱 취약하다는 점을 시사한다.

Китай и глобальное лидерство (China and global leadership)

  • Mikheev, Vasily;Lukonin, Sergey;Ignatev, Sergei
    • 분석과 대안
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    • 제1권2호
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    • pp.31-43
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    • 2017
  • The article is devoted to the theoretical and practical analysis of Chinese global leadership. The concept of leadership is applied as a methodology, which involves identifying the main factors, such as strategic power, the attractiveness of political institutions, the ability to provide acceptable ideas and the presence of allies that contribute to a comprehensive analysis of the country's leadership potential. The authors also describe the relevance of Chinese global leadership and analyze its domestic, economic and international causes. Moreover, the ''Belt and Road'' initiative is defined as the main mechanism for providing the influence of China on the global level which is now being changed its quantitative component, namely the increasing attention to the security aspects of this initiative. In addition to that, it is important to note that China maintains its economic and political positions in Africa, Central Asia and South-East Asia. Africa has a special role in the Chinese ''Belt and Road'' initiative as a recipient of Chinese investments and a site for the deployment of China's naval facilities to protect the trade routes. On the regional level, China will strive to become a leader of the trade and economic processes in the Asia-Pacific region, the South China Sea and the North Korea nuclear program issues. The American factor in modern international relations, namely so-called "Trump factor", which means the U.S. withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership and the Paris Agreement, will cause demand for Chinese leadership in the Asia-Pacific region and in the world as well. However, in this case a number of questions arise: is China prepared for this? Is Beijing able to bear greater responsibility? Does China have the potential for this? The article concludes that China will not become global leaders in the next 20-30 years, because of internal (political reforms) and foreign policy reasons (doctrinal formulation of foreign policy initiatives, military-political and economic power, international posture and relations with other states). The authors believe that the implementation of Chinese leadership is possible not on the condition of confrontation between China and the United States, but on the establishing of constructive relations between these countries. The last meeting between Trump and Xi Jinping showed a trend for creating channels for dialogue between Beijing and Washington, which can become the basis for interaction. An important place in the work is given to the analysis of development and forecasting the evolution of Russian-Chinese and U.S.-China relations. As for Russia, Moscow should conduct a policy that will not allow it to become a ''junior partner'' of China.

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