• Mycobiology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.16-25
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• 2023

Lecanora is one of the largest genera of lichens worldwide. These lichens can be easily seen, and are commonly found on trees and rocks. Most Korean Lecanora species belong to the Lecanora subfusca group, which has well-defined superficial thallus, red-brown apothecia, and soredia. The new species of L. neobarkmaniana grows on rocks, farinose soredia coalescing, usually covering the whole thallus, and containing atranorin and zeorin. We used internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) sequence data to identify the phylogenetic relationship across Lecanora sequence data and found the species to form different clades. In this study, we reported some interesting findings and described the genetic relationship with other sorediate Lecanora species and the characteristics of the new species. An identification key for the Korean sorediate Lecanora species is given.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 2023

During an investigation of micro-fungi in soil, two fungal isolates belonging to the phylum Ascomycota, namely KNUF-20-NI011 and KNUF-20-NI006, were collected from Gyeongbuk Province and Dokdo Island in Korea and identified as Clonostachys divergens and Chrysosporium merdarium, respectively. The fungal isolates were confirmed through molecular phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer regions, 28S rDNA large subunit, and β-tubulin sequences. Cultural and morphological characteristics were observed and determined using different media. These species were identified based on phylogenetic relationships along with their cultural and morphological characteristics. To our knowledge, this is the first report on Clonostachys divergens and Chrysosporium merdarium in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.1-29
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• 2022

Hypocreales is one of the largest orders within the class Sordariomycetes in Ascomycota. Several species of this order are cosmopolitan and have a broad range of habitats. Here, we isolated several fungal strains from environmental samples, including freshwater sediment and plant litter. The strains were identified via molecular and phylogenetic analyses of rDNA and other DNA markers, such as TUB, RPB2, and EF1. The morphological characteristics of the fungi were investigated using microscopy, and culture characteristics were assessed from their growth on several media. We identified 17 species previously unrecorded in Korea: Dactylonectria hordeicola, Flavocillium bifurcatum, Fusarium luffae, Ilyonectria ilicicola, Ilyonectria qitaiheensis, Ilyonectria robusta, Lecanicillium aphanocladii, Nectria ulmicola, Neonectria lugdunensis, Ovicillium oosporum, Pseudonectria foliicola, Sarocladium spinificis, Scolecofusarium ciliatum, Trichoderma appalachiense, Trichoderma subviride, Trichoderma taiwanense, and Trichoderma tsugarense.

• Mycobiology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.320-332
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• 2023

Talaromyces is a genus within the phylum Ascomycota (class Eurotiomycetes, order Eurotiales, family Trichocomaceae). Many species in this genus are known to produce diverse secondary metabolites with great potential for agricultural, medical, and pharmaceutical applications. During a survey on fungal diversity in the genus Talaromyces in Korea, six strains were isolated from soil, indoor air, and freshwater environments. Based on morphological, physiological, and multi-locus (ITS, BenA, CaM, and RPB2) phylogenetic analyses, we identified five previously unrecorded species in Korea (T. brevis, T. fusiformis, T. muroii, T. ruber, and T. soli) and a new species (T. echinulatus sp. nov.) belonging to section Talaromyces. Herein, detailed descriptions, illustrations, and phylogenetic tree are provided.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.335-347
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• 2023

Sordariomycetes is the second largest class of Ascomycota, distributed throughout various habitat including terrestrial and aquatic environments and also existing as endophytes. We isolated endophytic fungal strains in Korea, identifying them based on their morphological characteristics and molecular analyses, using eight specific DNA regions for accurate genus identification. We identified five previously unrecorded endophytic fungal species in Korea: Chaetomium subaffine, Colletotrichum jiangxiense, Colletotrichum sydowii, Diaporthe vacuae and Neurospora tetraspora. In this study, we describe the morphological characteristics and present our phylogenetic analyses of these five fungal species.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.287-295
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• 2012

Eighty-four endophytic fungal strains were isolated and identified from the roots of halophytes collected in Buan salt marsh. All halophyte samples, such as Suaeda japonica, and Suaeda maritima were isolated from Buan salt marsh. All endophytic fungi isolated were analyzed by sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) containing ITS1, 5.8s and ITS2 region. All endophytic fungi expressed that fungal strains belong to eight orders; Pleosporales (45%), Eurotiales (27%), Incertae sedis (11%), Dothideales (6%), Capnodiales (5%), Hypocreales (5%), and Agaricales (1%). All endophytic fungi were confirmed at the genus level of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, containing Alternaria, Ascomycota, Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Cladosporium, Eupenicillium, Fusarium, Gibberella, Hypocrea, Lewia, Macrophoma, Penicillium, Peyronellaea, Phoma, Pleospora, Pleosporales, Pseudeurotium, Schizophyllum, and Talaromyces. Alternaria (21%) and Penicillium (13%) were the dominant endophytic fungal strains. In this study, endophytic fungal strains analyzed from S. japonica and S. maritime, Alternaria (21%), and Penicillium (13%) of Pleosporales and Eurotiales in halophytes were very abundant.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.364-364
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• 2017

Saemangeum reclaimed land is a part of Saemangeum Development Project. Most of the persistent problems of Saemangeum reclaimed land remain to be related to soil salinity. Soil salinity is a major abiotic factor related to microbial community structure and also fungi have been reported to be more sensitive to salinity stress than bacteria. The aim of this study was conducted to investigate the effect of soil salinity levels on the microbial communities in Saemangeum reclaimed land using 454 pyrosequencing analysis. Soil samples was collected from 12 sites of in Saemangeum reclaimed land. For pyrosequencing, 27F/518R (bacteria) and ITS3/ITS4 (fungi) primers were used containing the Roche 454 pyrosequencing adaptor-key-linker (underlined) and unique barcodes (X). Pyrosequencing was performed by Chun's Lab (Seoul, Korea) using the standard shotgun sequencing reagents and a 454 GS FLX Titanium sequencing System (Roche, Inc.). In the soil samples, Proteobacteria (bacteria) and Ascomycota (fungi) shows the highest relative abundance in all the soil sample sites. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Plantomycetes, Gemmatimonadetes and Parcubacteria were shown to have significantly higher abundance in high salinity level soils than low salinity level soils, while Acidobacteria and Nitrospirae has significantly higher relative abundance in low salinity level soils. The abundance of fungal, Ascomycota has the highest relative abundance in soil samples, followed by Basidiomycota, Chlorophyta, Zygomycota and Chytridiomycota. Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, Glomeromycota and Cerozoa were show significantly higher relative abundance in low salinity level soils. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and correlation analysis shown to salinity-related soil parameters such as ECe, Na+, SAR and EPS were affected to bacterial and fungal community structure. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Plantomycetes exhibited significantly positive correlation with soil salinity, while Acidobacteria exhibited significantly negative correlation. In the case of fungal community, Basidiomycota and Zygomycota were seen show significantly negative correlation with salinity related soil parameters. These results suggest that provide understanding effect of soil salinity on microbial community structure and correlation of microbial community with soil parameters in Saemangeum reclaimed land.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.281-285
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• 2015

This study was conducted to examine changes in the fungal community on fallen leaves of pear by treatment with lime sulfur. Although the lime sulfur could reduce the primary inoculum of several pathogens on spring season, the effect of lime sulfur has not been well determined scientifically. Fallen leaves infected by pear diseases in pear orchards in Naju were collected and treated with lime sulfur or water as a control. To determine the fungal diversity from each treatment, rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were analyzed after extraction of fungal genomic DNA from lime sulfur-treated or water-treated fallen leaves, respectively. The most common fungal species were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota in both treated leaves. However, the population dynamics of several fungal species including Alternari sp., Cladosporium sp., and Phomopsis sp., which are known as pear pathogens for skin sooty dapple disease, were quite different from each treated leaves. These results indicated that lime sulfur treatment led to changes of fungal communities on pear fallen leaves and could be applicable as a dormant spray.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.95-98
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• 2010

One interesting parasitic forming fungus, being grown on the eggs of Phallus impudicus was collected from Mulchajoreum and on woods of Saryeoni in Jeju island. This taxon identified as a Podostroma solmsii (E. Fisch.) S. Imai f. octospora Yoshim. Doi (Hyporeaceae) based on morphological characteristics. According to the interpretation of Doi(1978), this taxon hsving the stipitate, genus Podostroma, family Hypocreaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota was identified as Podostroma solmsi f. octospora and its korean common name designated by authors. This species is characterized in having the fusiforme to ellipsoidal, unicellular and warted ascospores without septate and with blunt apiculus at each end and mycoparasitic habitat. Although there is some mycologists suggest that this taxon having above characters needs to be derived from Hypomyces. But authors are primarily going to record this species as a named "Podostroma solmsii (E. Fisch.) S. Imai f. octospora Yoshim. Doi" for the fungus flora of Korea. In a future, it is need in detail to compare their DNA sequencing data on the type species and some related species. All collections cited here are deposited in the Herbarium Conservation Center of National Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.377-384
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• 2021

Researching the soil fungal community is important to understand the interaction between fungi and living plants. However, too few studies have examined the soil fungal community and their interactions with plants. Rhododendron mucronulatum, commonly known as Korean rosebay, is an important forest resource that has aesthetic, ecological, and potential pharmacological values. We used a pyrosequencing method to analyze the characteristics of fungal communities from R. mucronulatum soil samples from Biseul mountain county park, which is one of the famous places for large R. mucronulatum colonies in South Korea. We collected soil core samples in February and August at three sites in the Biseul Mountain County Park, taking into consideration the regional and seasonal conditions. We obtained 454,157 validated reads after pyrosequencing all six samples. The fungal communities from the first observation spot in August had the richest species diversity among the samples. Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and Mortierellomycota were major phyla in the samples. Agaricales_f, Mortierellaceae, and Clavariaceae were major families in the samples. The genus Mortierella was the most dominant in all six samples. Overall, 19 genera could be associated with R. mucronulatum. Sample 1 had 109 genera in sample 1, sample 2 had 111 genera, and sample 3 had 112 genera that were uniquely identified. The samples collected in August had 28 identified genera, that existed only in summer samples, indicating a weather effect. This study can be used as basic research to understand the relationship between soil fungi and plants.