• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.363-375
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• 2019

Micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) is a surfactant-based separation technique and has been investigated for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater. The performance of heavy metals removal from wastewater through MEUF relies on membrane characteristics, surfactant properties, various operational parameters including operating pressure, surfactant and heavy metal concentration, pH of the solution, temperature, and presence of dissolved solutes and salts. This study presents an overview of literature related to MEUF with respect to the all significant parameters including membranes, surfactants, operating conditions and MEUF hybrid processes. Moreover, this study illustrates that MEUF is an adaptable technique in various applications. Nowadays water contamination caused by heavy metals has become a serious concern around the globe. MEUF is a significant separation technique in wastewater treatment that should be acknowledged, for the reason that removal of heavy metals contamination even at lower concentrations becomes achievable, which is evidently made known in the presented review. Hybrid processes presented the better results as compared to MEUF. Future studies are required to continue the experimental work with various combinations of surfactant and heavy metals, and to investigate for the treatment of concentrated solutions, as well as for real industrial wastewater.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 1997

To investigate the distribution of heavy metal concentrations in Onsan bay, concentrations of cadmium, copper, zine and lead in surface sediments and the periwinkles (Littorina brevicula) were determined in Feburary and July, 1996. The ranges of cadmium, copper, zinc and lead concentrations in the surface sediments were 0.08-3.72, 3-307, 49-1273 and 15-399 ${\mu}g/g$ dry weight, respectively, The decrease of concentration in heavy metals with distance from Daejeong stream indicated that this stream is the pollutant source of heavy metals in Onsan Bay. The concentrations of cadmium, copper, zinc and led in L. brevicula were 0.11-11.81, 21-212, 30-96 and 0.26-4.12 ${\mu}g/g$ dry weigth in February and 1.01-24.9, 66-325, 54-225 and 0.68-8.41 ${\mu}g/g$ dry weight in July, respectively. These concentrations in L. brevicula were the significantly different (p<0.001) with the season of sampling. However, overall distribution of concentrations of heavy metals in L. brevicula had very similar tendency that concentrations of heavy metal decreased with the distance from the pollutant source irrespective of the two seasons. Therefore, L. brevicula is considered as a useful indicator for heavy metals pollution, According to analysis of the organs, tissues such as the digestive gland, gill and viceral mussel accumulate high concentrations of heavy metals.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to compare the contents of heavy metals of boiled ssangwhatang with those of herbal ingredients which are composed of ssangwhatang. Ssangwhatang is used for antifatigue, tonic and so on. With industrial development, our environment has been very polluted. Herbal medicines also are seriously contaminated by heavy metals and pesticides. The herbal medicines of ssangwhatang were bought at 10 defferent markets. The contents of 14 heavy metals(Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Zn) were analysed using ICP. It was found out that 7 heavy metals(Pb, As, Ba, Cd, Hg, Sb, Sn) were not detected at all in boiled ssangwhatangs. But they were detectable in all ssangwhatangingredients before boiling. For example, the content of Pb in one pack of ssangwhatang before boiling was $0.039^{\circ}{\pm}0.005mg$ and Pb in boiled one was not detected. Herbal medicine itself is seriously contaminated by heavy metals. These results suggest that boiled ssangwhatang which we take is safe from the contamination of heavy metals.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.489-493
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• 2001

Big cities in Japan have serious problems due to the shortage of new reclaimed land for municipal wastes. If harmful heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, copper and etc. are contained in the municipal waste combustion residues, they are not able to fill up according to the environmental law in Japan. In this study, the removal of heavy metals in the fly ash (EP ash) was dealt with chloridizing vaporization method. EP ash as a non-hazardous materials is utilized as covering materials, road bed, and building materials.

• 한국폐기물자원순환학회지
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.721-730
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• 2018

We investigated the effects of heavy metals in cement in the last 3 years and the amount of waste in the cement manufacturing process. The result shows that the average $Cr^{6+}$ content in cement products is controlled at 10 mg/kg. Cu and Pb have lower detection tendency in white cement than in ordinary portland cement. In addition, heavy metals such as Cd show a certain level of detection regardless of the input wastes. Copper slag and phosphate gypsum are the main influencing factors on the heavy metals in cement products. In auxiliary fuels, plastics waste and wood waste are considered to affect heavy metals in cement products. Alternative raw materials are considered to be affected by the alternative raw materials managed as byproducts. In the case of supplementary fuels, auxiliary fuels managed as waste instead of auxiliary fuels managed as byproducts affect the heavy metals in cement. This study examined the input amount without considering the heavy metals in each waste. Therefore, the result may vary in different situations, and further research must be conducted to supplement the findings. However, if the heavy-metal contents in the waste are constant, it can be used as a reference material for the control of heavy metals in cement products.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.231-235
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• 2020

Industrialization and modern developments have led to an influx of toxic heavy metals into the aquatic environment, and the accumulation of heavy metals has serious adverse effects on humans. Among the various heavy metal treatment methods, adsorption is very useful and frequently used. Plastic materials, such as polypropylene and polyethylene, have been widely used as filter media due to their mechanical and chemical stability. However, the surface of plastic material is inert and therefore the adsorption capability of heavy metals is very limited. In this study, granular media and fiber media composed of polypropylene and polyethylene are used, and the surface modification was conducted in order to increase adsorption capability toward heavy metals. Oxygen plasma generated hydroxyl groups on the surface of the media to activate the surface, and then acrylic acid was synthesized on the surface. The grafted carboxyl group was confirmed by FT-IR and SEM. Heavy metal adsorption capability of pristine and surface modified adsorbents was also evaluated. Overall, heavy metal adsorption capability was increased by surface modification due to electrostatic interaction between the carboxyl groups and heavy metal ions. Fibrous PP/PE showed lower improvement compared to granular PP media because pore blockage occurred by the surface modification step, thereby inhibiting mass transfer.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2016년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.130-131
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• 2016

Although many metals contaminated sediment from coastal area contain both anionic and cationic heavy metals, the current remediation technologies are not effective for stabilize heavy metals of both anionic and cationic elements from contaminated coastal region. the present work investigated the efficiency and mechanism of immobilization of Fe, Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb and Cd metal solutions in modified zeolite based biostimulant ball. Biostimulant ball containing acetate, nitrate and sulphate which are enhance the activity of marine microorganisms and it can act as electron donors and electron acceptors. Modified zeolite and chelating agent is greatly enhance the metal stabilization due to increased immobility of the analysed metals. The XRD, FT-IR and SEM of modified zeolite which cheating agents containing heavy metals were investigated. The results indicated that heavy metals could be effectively immobilized in modified zeolite and chelating agents in BSB added sediment. The immobilization of heavy metals in modified zeolite and chelating agents along with BSB could be due to stabilize of heavy metal cations. Immobilization of heavy metals using BSB with modified zeolite and chelating agent has lower cost effect and enhance the sediment quality.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2002

The kidney of bivalve mollusks often contains remarkably high concentrations of both essential and non-essential metals and perform regulating and detoxicating activities. The kidney has also been proposed as a biological indicator for radioactive as well as for stable metals in the sea. The present study of the Antarctic clam, Laternula elliptica, concerns the functional morphology of the kidney epithelium, which contains highly accumulated heavy metals. The immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study was undertaken in order to find out the localization of metallothionein and heavy metals accumulated in the kidney of Laternula elliptica. In the immunohistochemical investigation, an intense metallothionein immunostaining reaction was found in the epithelial cells of the kidney of Laternula elliptica. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the epithelial cells contained numerous electron-dense inclusion bodies which were considered to be accumulated heavy metals.

• 환경생물
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2008

Heavy metal concentration of Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb were analysed from seaweeds (Ulva pertusa, Sargassum thunbergii, Caulacanthus okamurae), sediments and seawater at the two experimental sites of Daebul and Sabjin industrial complex in Mokpo coastal area with a control site (Heugsando). Highest values of heavy metals were found at two experimental sites influencing by various pollution sources such as industrial drains, sewage and harbours. In contrast, the lowest concentrations was observed at the control site without any pollution source. The concentration levels of accumulated heavy metals were in the following order: seaweeds > sediments > seawater. Similar spatial distribution patterns were observed at the seaweeds, sediments and seawater for the highest mean values of the different heavy metals. This result show that seaweeds could be used as a biomonitors of heavy metals at coastal region.

• 약학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.448-454
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• 2001

The contents of heavy metals in boiled Sibjeonaebotang with those in its herbal ingredients are compared. The herbal medicines of Sibjeonaebotang were bought at 10 defferent markets. The contents of 14 heavy metals (Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Cr Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Zn) were analysed using ICP It was found out that 5 heavy metals (Pb, As, Ba, Fe, Sb) were detected in only one boiled Sibjeonaebotang But they were detectable in all Sibjeonaebotang and its herbal before boiling. For example the content of Hg in one pack of Sibjeonaebotang before boiling was 0.064$\pm$0.016 me and Hg in boiled one was 0.002$\pm$0.005mg. These results suggest that boiled Sibjeonaebotang which we take is less harmful than herbal medicine itself by heavy metals.