• BMB Reports
• /
• v.42 no.10
• /
• pp.667-672
• /
• 2009

Plasma concentrations of adiponectin have been shown to be decreased in patients with obesity, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Recent studies have found that adiponectin reduces lipid accumulation in macrophage foam cells which may impact the development of atherosclerosis. However, it remains unclear whether adiponectin is involved in the process of lipid accumulation during myogenesis. Using C2C12 myoblasts, we investigated the effect of adiponectin on intramyocellular lipid accumulation during myogenesis. The results showed that intracellular lipid accumulation is significantly decreased during C2C12 differentiation, apparently due to increased fatty acid oxidation and decreased fatty acid synthesis during this process. C2C12 cells transiently transfected with adiponectin gene showed reduced lipid accumulation as compared to controls. Further experiments demonstrated that adiponectin can suppress lipid accumulation by increasing fatty acid oxidation during C2C12 myogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.480-484
• /
• 2002

Accumulation of cadmium (Cd) was investigated in organs (gill, liver, kidney, intestine) of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) exposed to sub-lethal concentration (5, 10, 50, 100 $\mu$g/L) of Cd for 30 days. Cd exposure resulted in an increased Cd accumulation in liver of flounder for exposure periods and Cd concentration, and Cd accumulation increased linearly with the exposure time. At 20 days of Cd exposure. the order of Cd accumulation in organs was Bill>intestine>liver>kidney and after 30 days of exposure, Cd accumulation in organs was intestine>liver>gill>idney. An inverse relationship was observed between the accumulation factor (AS) and the exposure level, but AE shows an increase with exposure time.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.109-118
• /
• 2019

Objectives : In this study, the relationship between Tingling disease(痺證) and Accumulation (積) was examined focusing on the occurrence of Tingling disease and its development into tangible lesion. Methods : Based on related contents in the "Huangdineijing", the process of creation and development of Tingling and its transformation to Accumulation was mainly examined. Results : While Tingling disease is usually caused by the three Qis of Wind-Cold-Dampness, due to its Yin nature there is high tendency of Qi and blood to be blocked and Blood and Fluid-Humor agglomerating into Accumulation. Symptoms of dysaesthesia are merely expressions manifesting in this process. Development into colic accumulation [疝瘕], Gu(蠱), or convulsion[瘛] after Tingling has traveled to the five zang is also related to its transformation into Accumulation. In the case of Tingling disease of the five zang in the "Huangdineijing", it is not a diagnostic category for treatment but actual lesions in the five zang six fu. In other words, in the beginning stages of Tingling disease, some sort of solidification that causes abnormal senses among other symptoms happens, and this solidification starts taking up space within the flesh. If it is not eliminated and persists, it enters into the inner organs and develops Tingling disease of the zangfu. Conclusions : Understanding Tingling disease(痺證) as a presymptom to developing Accumulation, rather than abnormality of sense will enable people to have higher chances in treating tumor.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.82-87
• /
• 2013

This research will be utilized as a base line data by researching on growth and the accumulation of inorganic nutrients during the cultivation period of zoysiagrass and also to establish a cultivation strategy of zoysiagrass. It involves the management such as fertilizer and mowing which ultimately led to the difference of growth and accumulation of inorganic nutrients. The accumulation of inorganic nutrients after mowing, the amount of accumulation was small when compared to the amount lost for the shoot, rhizome and root. Difference in the accumulation of inorganic nutrients, but as for K, Ca and Mg accumulation it shows similar aspects to N accumulation. The orders of inorganic nutrients in zoysiagrass were N > K > P > Ca > Mg. The characteristics of inorganic nutrients absorption of such zoysiagrass acts as the foundation of cultivation, and in the aspect of making decisions on the fertilization amount and soil management, it is closely related to the requirement on nutrients. In order to increase the productivity based on the zoysiagrass's growth and density rate improvement, accumulation of inorganic nutrients per growth period needs to be analyzed, and supplying nutrients in an efficient method suitable to the growth period is advisable, so such basic research was necessary.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.29-34
• /
• 2003

Visceral fat accumulation is known to be an evident clinical index for the insulin resistance related with obesity. Patients with excessive accumulation of visceral fat frequently suffered from metabolic disorder, such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and glucose intolerance. However, molecular mechanism for the pathogenesis of obesity-accompanied metabolic disorders has not been fully elucidated. It has been clarified that adipocytes in visceral fat area have different functions from subcutaneous fat area, and these differences might contribute the pathological significance of excessive accumulation of visceral fat for the accompanied insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.15-34
• /
• 2004

Diverse benefits such as reduction of fresh water consumption and effluent discharge, efficient use of raw materials and energy savings can be obtained by papermaking system closure. Closure of papermaking processes, however, causes many problems including reduction of the efficiency of additives, decrease of retention and dewatering, felt plugging, poor Paper quality, generation of slime and odor, poor vacuum efficiency, etc, and it has been recognized that accumulation of Inorganic and organic substances in the process white water is the prime cause of these problems. Therefore, technological developments for preventing accumulation of these detrimental substances are urgently required for Implementing papermaking system closure. Understanding of the accumulation phenomena of the inorganic and organic substances in the papermaking process white water is prerequisite for papermaking system closure. In this study a process simulation method was used to analyze the accumulation phenomena of anionic starch In the process white water as the closure level of a fine paper making process is increased. A pilot paper machine was used as a model process. Starch adsorption and desorption models were developed based on the concept of starch adsorption ratio, which was not considered in previous studies. Steady state simulation studies were carried out based on this model using a commercial simulator. In steady state simulation, the variation of dissolved starch concentration in each process unit was monitored as a function of white water usage for wire shower. The result of the steady state simulation showed that dissolved starch concentration and its increase ratio in Process units increased as white water usage ratio for wire shower increased.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.124-129
• /
• 1997

This study was performed to develop the biological treatment technology of wastewater polluted with heavy metals. Heavy metal-tolerant microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas putida, P. aeruginosa, P. chlororaphis and P. stutzeri possessing the ability to accumulate cadmium, lead, zinc and copper, respectively, were isolated from industrial wastewater and mine wastewater polluted with various heavy metals. The effect of several external factors, such as temperature, pH and heavy metal compounds on heavy metal accumulation in the cells was investigated. The amount of heavy metal accumulation into cells according to the kind of heavy metal compound was slightly increased in the case of the heavy metal compound with -nitrate group, but generally, there is little change according to the kind of compound in the amount of heavy metal accumulation. The amount of heavy metal accumulation according to the precultured time was increased in the case of the cell precultured for 24 hours, but generally the precultured time did not affect to the amount of heavy metal accumulation. Heavy metal accumulation into cells was affected by several external factors, such as temperature and pH. The optimum temperature and optimum pH of the accumulation of heavy metal into cells were $20{\sim}37^{\circ}C$ and pH $6{\sim}8$, respectively. By increasing the concentration of each heavy metal-tolerant microorganism in the solution, the total amount of heavy metal accumulated was increased, whereas the amount of heavy metal accumulated per cell(mg, heavy metal/g, dry cells) was decreased. These results indicated that the amount of heavy metal accumulated was not proportional to the concentration of microorganisms.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.35-43
• /
• 2004

Reduction of fresh water consumption and effluent discharge provide diverse advantages in raw materials and energy savings. Papermaking system closure, however, reduces the efficiency of additives, decreases retention and dewatering, and causes many other Problems in papermaking. Accumulation of inorganic and organic substances in the process white water is the prime cause of these problems. Understanding of the accumulation phenomena of the detrimental substances in the papermaking process is of great importance for papermaking system closure. In this study a process simulation method was employed to analyze the accumulation phenomena of anionic starch in the process white water as the reuse rate of dry broke and pick up of surface sizing agent is increased. Steady state simulation studies were carried out based on the model developed in previous study. The variation of dissolved starch concentration in each process unit was monitored as a function of reuse rate of dry broke and surface sizing agent pick up rate. The result showed that dissolved starch concentration Increased as reuse rate of dry broke and surface sizing agent pick up rate was increased.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.51-64
• /
• 1988

It has been suggested that calcium is only one of many metals that compete with toxic metals in the body. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the influence of water hardness on accumulation of heavy metals in rats. The seventy-five rats were divided into control and case groups. Case group was subdivided into four subgroups in proportion to the concentration of water hardness respectively, such as, 0, 250, 500, 1000ppm. Control group was fed on only deionized water, but case groups were fed on hard water with ionized heavy metals (Cd 150mg + Pb 300mg + Cu 300mg/l) for 20, 40, 60 days. The concentrations of cadmium, lead and copper were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Perkin Elmer 2380) in livers and kidneys. The results of the study are summarized as following 1. The concentration of cadmium accumulation showed the tendency of decrease in proportion to water hardness in both livers and kidneys of rats having been fed for only 60 days, respectively. 2. In only livers of rats having been fed for 60 days, essential metal, copper had the tendency of decrease according as hardness in water. 3. It was impossible to compare case with control about the tendency of lead accumulation because there was no difference between the two in livers and kidneys respectively.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.171-179
• /
• 1995

This is an analytical study of germanium by adsorption stripping squarewave voltammetry. Tannic acid was used as a ligand. The accumulation potential was -0.2V, accumulation time was carried out for 60 second under constant stirring, followed by a 20 second quiescent period, and frequency was 10Hz. A hanging mercury drop electrode was used as a working electrode and acetate buffer solution, pH=4.5, as supporting electrolyte. The proper conditions of ligand for germanium analysis was established. The effect of metal ions(lead, cupper, silicon, tin, gallium) on germanium peak was also studied.