• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.420-426
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 휴대용 인공호흡기 보조기구를 개발하였다. 응급상황 발생 시 약 4분이 지나면 환자는 심각한 뇌 손상을 입는다. 따라서, 이를 방지하기 위해 응급구조사는 환자에게 적합한 산소 주머니를 통해 환자가 병원으로 인계될 때까지 지속해서 인공호흡을 실시하여야 한다. 이 과정에서 응급구조사들은 전완근의 반복적인 운동으로 인해 적지 않은 피로감을 느끼게 된다. 이는 손이 작거나 근력이 부족한 응급구조사들에게 더욱 큰 부담으로 작용할 수 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 다양한 제품이 제작되었지만, 부피와 크기 그리고 사용 방법 등과 같은 실용성이 부족하여 상용화에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기존 제작하였던 인공호흡기 보조기구를 개선하고 사용자에게 가해지는 부담을 효율적으로 줄이는 방법을 고안하였다. 본 연구를 통해 개발한 보조기구는 크게 3가지 부위로 구성된다. 보조기구는 산소 주머니를 매회 균일하고 안정적으로 압박하고 대상에게 알맞은 산소의 양을 각도를 통해 시각적으로 알려주는 머리부, 휴대용 인공호흡기의 산소 흡입구에 결합하여 사용자의 힘을 휴대용 인공호흡기로 전달하는 몸통부, 다양한 자세에서도 효율적으로 힘을 가할 수 있도록 회전이 가능한 손잡이로 구성된다. 실험을 통해 안정적인 수치로 환자에게 산소를 공급할 수 있다는 사실을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 응급구조사는 보조기구를 사용해 피로감 감소뿐만 아니라 환자에게 적합한 양의 산소를 주입해 효율적인 인공호흡을 실시할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.469-475
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• 2000

Background: Thoracic aortomyoplasty is one of the surgical treatment for heart failure and has advantages over artificial heart or intraaortic balloon pumps. It uses autogenous skeletal muscles and solves problems such as energy source. However its use in clinical settings has been limited. This preliminary study was designed to develop surgical technique and to determine the effect of acute descending thoracic aortomyoplsty. Material and Method: Thirteen adult Mongrel dogs were used. The left latissimus dorsi muscle was wrapped around the descending aorta under general anesthesis. Swan-Ganz and microtipped Millar catheter were used for the hemodynamics and endocaridial viability ratio. Data were collected with myostimulator on and off in normal hearts and the ischemic hearts. Result: In normal hearts, the mean aortic diastolic pressure increased from 72$\pm$15mmHg at baseline to 78$\pm$13mmHg with stimulator on. Coronary perfusion pressure increased from 61$\pm$11mmHg to 65$\pm$9mmHg. Diastolic time increased from 0.288$\pm$0.003 msec to 0.290$\pm$0.003msec. Systolic time decreased from 0.164$\pm$0.002msec to 0.160$\pm$0.002 msec. Endocardial viability ratio increased from 1.21$\pm$0.22 to 1.40$\pm$0.18. In ischemic hearts, mean aortic diastolic pressure incrased from 56$\pm$21mmHg at baseline to 61$\pm$15mmHg with stimulator on. Coronary perfusion pressure increased from 48$\pm$17mmHg to 52$\pm$15mmHg. Diastolic time increased from 0.290$\pm$0.003 msec to 0.313$\pm$0.004msec. Systolic time decreased from 0.180$\pm$0.002 msec to 0.177$\pm$0.003 msec. Endovascular viability ratio increased from 0.9$\pm$0.31 to 1.1$\pm$0.31. The limited number of cases ruled out the statistic significance. Conclusion: Descending thoracic aortomyoplasty is a simple operation designed to use patient's own skeletal muscles. It trends to increase diastolic augmentation and coronary perfusion pressure. Modification of surgical technique and stimulator protocol would maximize the effect to assist the heart.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.428-432
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• 1999

배경: 전기적인 자극에 의하여 골격근의 피로현상이 극복됨으로써 골격근을 심장보조장치에 이용할 수 있게 되었다. 인공심장이나 심실보조기구는 에너지원의 전원장치가 크고 거추장스러운 단점이 있어 아직 해결해야될 문제이다. 반면 골격근을 이용한 심실보조장치는 에너지원으로 환자 자신의 골격근 수축력을 이용할 수 있는 장점이 있어 이의 임상응용 가능성을 제시하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 8예의 광배근을 이용하여 골격근 심실의 모형을 만들었다. 물이 담긴 라텍스 주머니를 골격근이 한바퀴 반 감싸도록 고안하였고 골격근의 수축압력은 연결된 관을 통하여 변환기에 기록되도록 하였다. 전극은 흉배신경 주위에 설치한 후 Itrel 7420 박동기에 연결하였다. 프로그래머로 박동기를 조절하였으며 3.0Volt, cyclic burst, 0.31초 on time, 6.0초 off time의 자극을 주었다. 라텍스 주머니 내에 액체의 양을 25cc 씩 증가시키면서 전부하의 변화에 따른 골격근 심실의 박출량과 압력 및 수축력을 측정하였다. 결과: 골격근 심실의 전부하가 0인 경우 일회박출량은 76.3ml 이고, 전부하가 점차 증가함에 따라 일회박출량이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 전부하가 75cc 이상이 되면 일회박출량은 70ml 이하로 감소하는 양상을 볼 수 있었다. 압력을 측정한 결과도 전부하가 75cc 이하인 경우 정상의 혈압과 비슷한 107mmHg 이상의 혈압을 보이고 있으나 전부하가 100cc 이상 증가하는 경우 혈압이 100mmHg 이하로 감소하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 또한 최대의 골격근 수축력은 50cc의 전부하에서 16.6 W/kg의 힘을 분출하였다. 결론: 골격근 심실은 전부하의 변화에 따라 정상 심장보다도 강한 박출량과 압력의 변화를 관찰할 수 있었으며 임상 응용의 가능성을 볼 수 있었다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.99-103
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• 2012

Purpose: Many surgical methods for reconstruction of orbital floor fracture have been reported, which include subciliary approach, transconjunctival approach, transantral and transnasal endoscopic approach, etc. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate a surgical technique and analyze the results of transnasal endoscopic approach with Foley catheter ballooning without implantation of artificial surgical material through subciliary approach. Methods: Between February 2007 and November 2010, 29 orbital floor fracture patients, who had no herniated muscles through bone fragments, were treated through transnasal endoscopic approach with Foley catheter ballooning. Under the endoscopic view, the operator identified the opening of maxillary sinus. After widening of the opening using forceps, the operator reduced the fragmented bone with curved suction tip. Thereafter, 18-Fr Foley catheter was inserted. Four weeks after the operation, the catheter was removed. Results: Preoperatively, 6 patients had diplopias, 4 patients had limitations of extraocular motions and 3 patients had enophthalmos. After removal of the Foley catheter 4 weeks after the operation, 2 patients had diplopias, 1 patient had a limitation of extraocular motion, 1 patient has an enophthalmos and 1 patient had numbness on the cheek. These symptoms were resolved about 6 months after the surgery. Conclusion: The operative technique of Foley catheter ballooning through transnasal endoscopic approach without implantation of the artificial surgical material through subciliary approach can be considered one of the appropriate techniques for orbital floor fracture.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.385-391
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• 2023

In the elderly population, sarcopenia occurs due to physical aging, leading to movement restrictions and loss of function. This results in dependence on daily activities and limitations in participation, ultimately decreasing the overall quality of life. In this study, we propose an algorithm designed to enable patients with sarcopenia to perform sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit movements seamlessly in their daily lives. The algorithm incorporates a wearable robot for muscle support and includes algorithms for standing and seated muscle strength support. To validate the algorithm's performance, EMG sensors were attached to the Rectus Femoris and Biceps Femoris muscles. The participants underwent two scenarios: one without wearing the device and one with the device providing muscle strength support, performing sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit motions for one minute in each case. The results showed a 16% increase in the EMG peak value of the Rectus Femoris muscle during standing motion (p=0.009). On the right side, there was a roughly 20% decrease (p=0.018) during standing and a 21% decrease (p=0.014) during sitting motion. In the future, we aim to gather additional data to further refine the algorithm. Our goal is to develop an optimal muscle strength support algorithm based on this data, making it applicable for real-life use by patients with sarcopenia.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1229-1234
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• 2004

Face robots capable of expressing their emotional status, can be adopted as an e cient tool for friendly communication between the human and the machine. In this paper, we present a face robot actuated with arti cial muscle based on dielectric elastomer. By exploiting the properties of polymers, it is possible to actuate the covering skin, and provide human-like expressivity without employing complicated mechanisms. The robot is driven by seven types of actuator modules such as eye, eyebrow, eyelid, brow, cheek, jaw and neck module corresponding to movements of facial muscles. Although they are only part of the whole set of facial motions, our approach is su cient to generate six fundamental facial expressions such as surprise, fear, angry, disgust, sadness, and happiness. Each module communicates with the others via CAN communication protocol and according to the desired emotional expressions, the facial motions are generated by combining the motions of each actuator module. A prototype of the robot has been developed and several experiments have been conducted to validate its feasibility.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제59권12호
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• pp.26.1-26.8
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• 2017

Background: The change in size and weight of the female reproductive organs during gestation and birth might be affect the perineal muscles and this condition in dairy cow not been reported. This study aimed to assess the ultrasonographic image of coccygeus muscle in 11 inseminated dairy cows with different gestational ages and postpartum. Methods: Gestational age was calculated based on the record of artificial insemination and confirmed by using transrectal brightness mode ultrasonography. Perineal hair between the sacrum and ischium bones was shaved along 3-5 cm before being ultrasound. The images of perineal area were obtained by transcutaneous ultrasound using a 5.0 MHz transducer. The thickness and intensity of the coccygeus muscle were measured and analyzed by gestational status and postpartum to show the differences. Results: The results showed that the thickness of coccygeus muscle increased with the increase in gestational age. Muscle intensity only increased at young gestational age. However, it decreased with the increase in gestational age (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The ultrasound image of coccygeus muscle was affected by gestational status, thus this method may be used as one of the new methods of indirect gestational detection on dairy cows.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.139-143
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• 2010

Reptiles were known to serve as paratenic hosts for Centrorhynchus (Acanthocephala: Centrorhynchidae) in Korea, but the infection course in experimental animals was not elucidated yet. In this study, the tiger keelback snakes (Rhabdophis tigrinus) were collected and digested with artificial pepsin solution, and the larvae of Centrorhynchus were recovered from them. Then, the collected larvae were orally infected to rats for developmental observations. In rats, all the larvae were observed outside the intestine on day 3 post-infection (PI), including the mesentery and abdominal muscles. As for the development in rats, the ovary of Centrorhynchus sp. was observed at day 15 PI, and the cement glands were 3 in number. Based on the morphological characteristics, including the arrangement of proboscis hooks, these larvae proved to be a species of Centrorhynchus, and more studies were needed for species identification.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2009년도 학술대회
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• pp.418-421
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• 2009

본 논문은 표면 근전도 신호(sEMG)를 이용해 상지부의 동작을 실시간으로 예측하고 이를 기반으로 한 인간-기계 상호작용(Human-machine interaction)에 관한 것이다. 사용자의 상지부에 위치한 5 곳의 근육에서 수집하는 근전도 신호와 인공신경회로망(arfiticial neural network) 알고리즘을 이용하여 상지부 동작을 실시간으로 예측하였고, 기계팔(manipulator)이 예측된 동작을 좇아 움직이도록 제어되었다. 이때, 사용자가 기계팔의 끝단(end-effector)과 접촉해 있는 상태에서 상지부 동작은 2 차원 평면 위에서 이루어지도록 제한된다. 본 논문이 제안하는 동작 예측 방법과 인체 각도계(goniometer)를 이용한 경우의 상호 작용 실험을 통해, 동작 예측을 통한 인간-기계 상호 작용의 성능을 알아보았다. 실험 결과로부터, 제안된 실시간 동작 예측 방법을 이용하여 사용자와 기계의 상호 작용 시스템을 구현할 수 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1217-1224
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• 2013

In this paper, a hand exoskeleton actuated by air muscles(soft hand exoskeleton) is introduced. Some soft hand exoskeletons have already been developed to overcome the defects of hand exoskeletons based on linkage and pneumatic piston system-they are usually bulky and do not have enough degree of freedom(DOF). However, soft hand exoskeletons still have defects. Their motions are not precise as linkage based hand exoskeletons, because their actuator, such as air muscle is made of soft materials. So we developed a new linkage which is not bulky and has redundant DOF. It is combined with air muscle in a specific way so that it acts as a guide when air muscle is actuated. Some experiments were conducted to evaluate the validity and usability of our hand exoskeleton.