• Wind and Structures
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.259-274
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• 2022

The present paper is focused on analyzing a set of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation data on reducing orthogonal peak base moment coefficients on a high-rise rectangular building with wings. The study adopts an aerodynamic optimization procedure (AOP) composed of CFD, artificial neural network (ANN), and genetic algorithm (G.A.). A parametric study is primarily accomplished by altering the wing positions with 3D transient CFD analysis using k - ε turbulence models. The CFD technique is validated by taking up a wind tunnel test. The required design parameters are obtained at each design point and used for training ANN. The trained ANN models are used as surrogates to conduct optimization studies using G.A. Two single-objective optimizations are performed to minimize the peak base moment coefficients in the individual directions. An additional multiobjective optimization is implemented with the motivation of diminishing the two orthogonal peak base moments concurrently. Pareto-optimal solutions specifying the preferred building shapes are offered.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2013

The typhoon wind characteristics designing for buildings or bridges located in complex terrain and typhoon prone region normally cannot be achieved by the very often few field measurement data, or by physical simulation in wind tunnel. This study proposes a numerical simulation procedure for predicting directional typhoon design wind speeds and profiles for sites over complex terrain by integrating typhoon wind field model, Monte Carlo simulation technique, CFD simulation and artificial neural networks (ANN). The site of Stonecutters Bridge in Hong Kong is chosen as a case study to examine the feasibility of the proposed numerical simulation procedure. Directional typhoon wind fields on the upstream of complex terrain are first generated by using typhoon wind field model together with Monte Carlo simulation method. Then, ANN for predicting directional typhoon wind field at the site are trained using representative directional typhoon wind fields for upstream and these at the site obtained from CFD simulation. Finally, based on the trained ANN model, thousands of directional typhoon wind fields for the site can be generated, and the directional design wind speeds by using extreme wind speed analysis and the directional averaged mean wind profiles can be produced for the site. The case study demonstrated that the proposed procedure is feasible and applicable, and that the effects of complex terrain on design typhoon wind speeds and wind profiles are significant.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.1040-1048
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• 2013

In this paper, a sensorless pitch angle control method for a wind generation system is suggested. One-step-ahead prediction control law is adopted to control the pitch angle of a wind turbine in order for electric output power to track target values. And it is shown that this control scheme using the inverse dynamics of the controlled system enables us to predict current wind speed without an anemometer, to a considerable precision. The inverse input-output of the controlled system is realized by use of an artificial neural network. The proposed control and wind speed prediction method is applied to a Double-Feed Induction Generation system connected to a simple power system through computer simulation to show its effectiveness. The simulation results demonstrate that the suggested method shows better control performances with less control efforts than a conventional Proportional-Integral controller.

• 풍력에너지저널
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2023

In this study, synthetic time series wind data was generated numerically using a second-order Markov chain. One year of wind data in 2020 measured by the AWS on Wido Island was used to investigate the statistics for measured wind data. Both the transition probability matrix and the cumulative transition probability matrix for annual hourly mean wind speed were obtained through statistical analysis. Probability density distribution along the wind speed and autocorrelation according to time were compared with the first- and the second-order Markov chains with various lengths of time series wind data. Probability density distributions for measured wind data and synthetic wind data using the first- and the second-order Markov chains were also compared to each other. For the case of the second-order Markov chain, some improvement of the autocorrelation was verified. It turns out that the autocorrelation converges to zero according to increasing the wind speed when the data size is sufficiently large. The generation of artificial wind data is expected to be useful as input data for virtual digital twin wind turbines.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 1998

In establishing artificial fences in a certain locality, type of its area or wind blown against them from the front side is primarily considered. Researchers on fences also concentrate on upstream, wand blown against them from the front side In 90$^{\circ}$ angle. In this research, simulations were carried out on the direction of wind changed by each season, and regardless of seasonal wind, on the fences effect of wind direction on fences, throu호 an atmospheric boondary layer wind tunnel. When I compared the velocity distribution of upstream against the fences in 90$^{\circ}$ angle with that of 75$^{\circ}$, 60$^{\circ}$, and 45$^{\circ}$ respectively, the velocity distribution at downstream of the latter cases generally surpassed that of the former one.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2021

농업기상재해 조기경보시스템에서는 일 최대순간 풍속에 과수의 낙과 피해 임계풍속을 대입하여 농작물의 풍해 위험을 예측, 자원농가에게 제공하고 있다. 강풍의 위험 예측확률을 높이기 위한 방법으로써, 기존 방식에서 '안전'으로 분류된 데이터들 중 실제로는 풍해위험이 있는 경우를 찾아내는 인공신경망 이항분류 기법을 도입하였다. 학습데이터는 전라남북도와 경북 및 경남 일부지역의 총 210개소 기상청 종관 및 방재기상관측지점에서 수집된 2019년 전체 일별 풍속자료이며, 최적 모델 도출을 위한 검증데이터는 동일지점의 2020년 1월 1일~12월 12일 자료를, 인공신경망 기법 사용 전/후의 풍해위험예측 성능 평가는 2020년 12월 13일~2021년 2월 18일까지의 자료를 사용하였다. 풍해위험 임계풍속은 과수의 낙과 피해기준으로 주로 사용되고 있는 11m/s를 설정하였다. 또한 2020년 동일 기간의 일 최대순간풍속 실측값으로 Weibull 분포를 작성한 후, 추정값과 임계풍속간의 편차를 이용하여 누적확률값을 계산, 풍해 경보에서 한 단계 낮은 주의보를 판단하고 인공신경망 기법 적용 결과와 비교하였다. 평가기간 중 기존의 풍해 위험 탐지확률은 65.36%였으나 인공신경망 기법으로 재분류 과정을 거친 후 93.62%로 크게 개선되었다. 반면, 오보율이 함께 증가되어(13.46% → 37.64%), 전반적인 정확도는 감소하였다. 한편 Weibull 분포를 이용하여 풍해주의보 구간을 두었을 때는 정확도 83.46%으로 인공신경망 기법에 비해 전반적인 예측 정확도는 더 높았던 반면 위험 탐지확률은 88.79%로 더 낮게 나타났다. 따라서, 상대적으로 위험예보의 미예측이 중대한 문제가 되는 사례에서 인공신경망 방식이 유용할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2018

The outrigger damper system is a structural system with excellent lateral resistance when a wind load occurs. However, research on outrigger dampers is still in its infancy. In this study, dynamic response control performance of damper is analyzed according to change of stiffness value and damping value of damper. To do this, a real-scale 3D model of 50 stories has been developed and the artificial wind load has been entered for dynamic analysis. Generally, the larger the damping value, the smaller the stiffness value is, the more effective it is to reduce the maximum displacement and acceleration response. However, the larger the attenuation value as the cost of construction increases, it is necessary to select appropriate stiffness and damping value when applying an outrigger damper.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2018

Recently, the concept of an outrigger damper system with a damper added to the existing outrigger system has been developed and applied for dynamic response control of high-rise buildings. However, the study on the structural characteristics and design method of Outrigger damper system is in the early stages. In this study, a 50 story high - rise building was designed and an outrigger damper system with viscoelastic damper was applied for wind response control. The time history analysis was performed by using the kaimal spectrum to create an artificial wind load for a total of 1,000 seconds at 0.1 second intervals. Analysis of the top horizontal maximum displacement response and acceleration response shows that outrigger damper systems are up to 28.33% and 49.26% more effective than conventional outrigger systems, respectively. Also, it is confirmed that the increase of damping ratio of dampers is effective for dynamic response control. However, since increasing the damping capacity increases the economic burden, it is necessary to select the appropriate stiffness and damping value of the outrigger damper system.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.199-211
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• 2018

This paper deals with wind fragility and risk analysis of high rise buildings subjected to stochastic wind load. Conventionally, such problems are dealt in full Monte Carlo Simulation framework, which requires extensive computational time. Thus, to make the procedure computationally efficient, application of metamodelling technique in fragility analysis is explored in the present study. Since, accuracy by the conventional Least Squares Method (LSM) based metamodelling is often challenged, an efficient Moving Least Squares Method based adaptive metamodelling technique is proposed for wind fragility analysis. In doing so, artificial time history of wind load is generated by three wind field models: i.e., a simple one based on alongwind component of wind speed; a more detailed one considering coherence and wind directionality effect, and a third one considering nonstationary effect of mean wind. The results show that the proposed approach is more accurate than the conventional LSM based metamodelling approach when compared to full simulation approach as reference. At the same time, the proposed approach drastically reduces computational time in comparison to the full simulation approach. The results by the three wind field models are compared. The importance of non-linear structural analysis in fragility evaluation has been also demonstrated.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.60-71
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• 2022

A wind tunnel provides artificial airflow around a model throughout the test section for investigating aerodynamic loads. It has various applications, which include demonstration of aerodynamic loads in the building, automobile, wind energy, and aircraft industries. However, owing to the high equipment costs and space-requirements of wind tunnels, it is challenging for numerous studies to utilize a wind tunnel. Therefore, a digital wind tunnel can be utilized as an alternative for experimental research because it occupies a significantly smaller space and is easily operable. In this study, we performed airfoil testing based on velocity field measurements utilizing a digital wind tunnel. This wind tunnel can potentially be utilized to test the full-range aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils.