• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.14-30
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• 2020

본 연구는 조선후기 회화식 고지도가 제작 당시 선조들이 인지했던 장소명이 표기된 개념도라는 점에 착안하였다. 이에 평양성(平壤城)의 회화식 고지도 다섯 점을 대상으로 하여 역사적 고도(古都), 상업 도시, 풍류 도시라는 문화적 정체성을 지닌 평양성의 인문경관 특성을 다음과 같이 도출하였다. 첫째, 평양성의 역사적 정통성은 제례·종교시설이 대표하였는데, 국가의 시조와 관련된 '단군전(檀君殿)'과 '기자궁(箕子宮)', 고구려 유적인 '문무정(文武井)', 그리고 '사직단(社㮨壇)', '평양강단(平壤江壇)' 등 국가 제사를 지내던 곳, 교육과 제례 기능을 담당한 향교와 서원, 불교 사찰과 도교 시설들, '용신당(龍神堂)', '산신당(山神堂)', '제신단(諸神壇)'과 같은 민간신앙 공간이 포함되었다. 소중화(小中華) 의식과 기자 존숭 풍조로 평양성의 상징이 된 기자 관련 시설이 평양성 전체 영역에 분포된 반면, 북성에는 고구려 동명왕 관련 시설, 대동강 변에는 기복신앙 공간이 분포한다. 둘째, 평안도 경제 중심도시 평양의 상업 경관은 물류·교통시설로 드러났는데, 운수 기능을 담당한 대동강에 '양명포(揚命浦)', '청룡포(靑龍浦)', '왜성진(倭城津)' 등 포구와 주요 교통로를 연결하는 '영제교(永濟橋)', '강동교(江東橋)' 등 많은 다리가 있었다. 외성 영역에 물류 운반과 관리에 편리하도록 '정전도로'가 펼쳐지고, 주요 성문의 도로변과 감영 근처에 평양부 관할 읍의 이름이 붙여진 많은 창고들이 분포하였다. 또한 위계를 가진 도로로 질서정연하게 구획된 시가지와 평양성 주요 진입 도로변에 조성된 버드나무의 '북장림(北長林)'과 느릅나무가 포함된 혼합림으로 구성된 '십리장림(十里長林)'이 만든 선형 경관이 특징적이었다. 셋째, 풍류 도시는 위락시설의 분포로 가시화되었다. 내성에 인접한 대동강변은 성 안쪽으로 연결되는 운하와 축대를 쌓은 접안시설, 화물선이 정박한 포구 등 인공경관 특성을 보이지만, 자연스러운 하안을 가진 북성 주변은 '부벽루(浮碧樓)', '을밀대(乙密臺)', '최승대(最勝臺)', '함벽정(涵碧亭)' 등 다수의 누·정·대와 '청류벽(淸流壁)', '장방호(長房壺)'라는 바위글씨가 있었다. 대동강이 보이지 않는 내성에는 '오순정(五詢亭)'과 '벽월지(壁月池)', '사창(司倉)' 인근 반월지, 방지 내 섬에 조성된 '애련당(愛蓮堂)'이 수경관을 연출하고, 중성 서쪽 성곽에는 실용적 목적으로 지당들이 배치되었으며, 기자와 관련된 버드나무 식생 경관이 반복되었다. 또한 칠성문(七星門) 부근에 입지한 기생들의 장지 '선연동(嬋娟洞)'은 문인들의 시제로 사용되며 평양성의 풍류 이미지를 만드는데 기여하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.99-104
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• 1983

Aiming at the total 200 pregnant women including 150 ones registered with the Health Center of Chung Ku District and 50 ones registered with the Health Center of Mapo District, we have conducted a research study of the socio-medical characteristics, maternal child health, and the status of nutritional intake which has utilized the application of convenient method for the study of nutritional status, during the period of April 20 to May 25, 1983. And we have obtained the following conclusions: 1. Regarding age distribution, the pregnant women aged from 26 to 30 were most numerous, which was 54.0%. The percentage of women who experienced the first pregnancy was 12.0% and the percentage of those who experienced the second pregnancy was 37.0%, which was the highest. Regarding the weeks of pregnancy of the pregnant women, the first trimesterr was 11.5%, the second trimester 30.0%, and the third trimester 58.6%. 2. Regarding academic achievements, the pregnant women who graduated from middle schools reached 43.5%, which was the highest percentage. Regarding economic status, the pregnant women who owned their own houses were only 21.0%. And the pregnant women whose monthly income was from 300,000 won to 400,000 won were 40%, which was the most numerous. 5. The women above 15 years old who experienced the first menstruation were 84.0%. And those who experienced abortion were totally 54.4%. and 35.5% among those women experienced artificial abortion. 4. 70.5% of the pregnant women said that their health condition was excellent, 24.5% felt subjective complaints, and 5.0% specially received medical consultation for their diseases. 5. 82.0% received prenatal care, but 60.5% regularly received prenatal care. 68.0% received the education for nutrition and only 19.5% regularly received the education for nutrition. 6. Regarding the family composition, the families consisting of two generations were 47.0%, which was the most numerous. 97.5% of the preparation for meals was conducted by housewives. They said that they did not lack time for meal preparation. 7. 94.9% of the pregnant women said that they had eaten as in ordinary times during their pregnancy. 25.5% said that there were tabooed foods. Tabooed foods are chiefly pork, chicken, milk, and eggs. 68.0% don't drink milk during pregnancy, 32.5% take the intake of vitamins, and 20.5% take iron supplement. 8. The average amounts of the intake of protein, fat, and carbohydrate of a pregnant women are 49.3gm, 29.4gm, and 205.1gm respectively, which showed the phenomenon in which the amount of the intake of nutrition increased as the weeks of pregnancy increased. The average amount of the intake of salt was 14.2gm. 9. Regarding the hemoglobin value of all pregnant women, those whose hemoglobin value was less than 11.0gm were 66.5%, those whose hemoglobin value was 11 to 12 gm were 16.5%. and those whose hemoglobin value was above 12gm were 17.0%. The pregnant women whose hemoglobin value was less than 11.0gm in the first trimester of pregnancy, in the second trimester, and in the trimester were 81.8%, 62.8%, and 64.9% respectively. This shows that the phenomenon of anemia increased as the weeks of pregnancy increased 10. Regarding physical development of a pregnant woman during prenatal period, the height and weight were $156.7cm{\pm}14.1$ and $51.1kg{\pm}58$ respectively. When the standard increase of a prenatal weigt gain is set as 100%, the women over the range of 100% were 28.0% and the women under the range of 80% were 37.0%.

• 생태와환경
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.296-307
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• 2016

생태적 복원은 온전한 자연의 체계와 기능을 모방하여 인간이 훼손시킨 자연을 치유함으로써 다양한 생물들에게 서식공간을 제공하고 인류의 미래 환경을 확보하기 위한 생태기술이다. 이러한 생태적 복원은 복원대상에 대한 다각적 측면의 진단평가 결과에 근거하여 수립된 복원 가이드라인에 따라 수행되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 무등산국립공원의 훼손된 산림의 생태적 질을 평가하고, 이를 회복시키기 위한 경관수준의 복원 가이드라인을 수립하였다. 이를 위해, 우선 자연적 요소(지형, 기후, 식생 분포)와 인위적 요소(토지이용, 선형 경관요소의 분포)를 고려하여 무등산국립공원에 성립해 있는 산림의 생태적 질을 진단하였다. 이와 더불어, 선형 경관요소에 의해 구획된 각 권역의 기하학적 속성 및 토지이용 강도에 근거하여 온전성 정도를 평가한 후 이를 점수화하였다. 분석 결과, 무등산국립공원의 거시적 지형은 모암의 풍화 특성에 의해 결정되는 양상이었으며, 식생대는 해발고도의 수직적 구배에 따라 난온대상록활엽수림대, 난온대낙엽활엽수림대 및 냉온대낙엽활엽수림대로 구분되었다. 토지이용유형에서 무등산국립공원은 활엽수림, 침엽수림 및 혼합림이 전체의 약 90%를 차지하였다. 경관파편화를 유발하는 경관요소로서 탐방로는 총 97개소로 파악되었다. 경관의 질 점수는 평균 $69.86{\pm}11.41$로 나타났다. 진단평가 결과, 무등산국립공원 내 산림의 생태적 질은 인간활동의 영향을 크게 받았고, 그 영향 정도는 지형에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 한편, 무등산국립공원은 산 중심으로 설정된 국립공원 경계와 모암의 풍화 특성에 의해 공원구역 내 수공간이 부족한 것으로 파악되어 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 주변 지역과의 생태네트웍 구축이 필요한 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 진단평가 결과에 바탕을 두고 무등산국립공원의 생태적 질을 향상시키기 위한 복원 가이드라인을 제시하였다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.260-279
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• 2010

우리나라 천연기념물 제 218호인 장수하늘소(Callipogon relictus Semenov, 1898) 문헌 및 현장조사 분석 결과, 크기는 나라별로 차이가 있으며, 우리나라 개체들의 평균 크기가 수컷 85~120mm, 암컷은 65~85mm가량으로 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 알의 평균 지름은 2.60mm이고 길이는 6.72mm이며, 유충은 유백색이고 길이는 약 100~150mm가량 된다. 번데기의 크기는 약 70~110mm 정도이다. 성충은 주로 저지대의 활엽수림 지역에서 6~9월까지 활동하며, 8월경에 가장 많은 개체들이 출현하나 중국에서는 6~7월에 출현하는 것으로 나타났다. 우리나라에서 유충은 주로 노쇠한 큰 서어나무(Carpinus laxiflora (Siebold & Zucc.) Blume) 수간부위를 먹는 것으로 알려져 있으나, 러시아와 중국에서는 보고가 없어 나라별로 기주식물이 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 유충 기간은 국내에서 정확하게 알려져 있지 않지만 중국에서는 약 2년으로 나타났다. 장수하늘소 분포의 지리학적인 좌표는 위도 약 $37.5^{\circ}{\sim}47.8^{\circ}$, 경도 $126^{\circ}{\sim}140^{\circ}$범위에 속하는 것으로 나타났다. 각 나라별 채집 분포지역을 조사한 결과 우리나라는 경기도 2곳, 강원도 9곳, 함경북도 1곳으로 나타났다. 러시아는 블라디보스토크(Vladivostok)를 비롯해 연해주 지방과 아무르 강 일대에서 국지적으로 분포하며, 중국은 길림성(서란(舒蘭), 교하(蛟河)) 등 2곳, 흑룡강(산하둔(山河屯), 송화강 지구(松花江 地區)), 협서(陜西) 등 동북부 지역에서 역시 국지적으로 알려지고 있다. 일본은 궁지현 1곳이 알려져 있으나 분포 자체가 매우 의문 상태로 남아 있다. 이와 같이 극동지역 3개 국가에서 매우 제한적으로 분포하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 장수하늘소의 종 보전방안으로는 먼저 국내 외 소장 표본들이나 문헌 실태조사 및 분석을 통해 출현 지역, 출현 시기 등 생태적인 정보를 파악하여 서식지역이나 채집지역의 기주식물, 고도, 위도, 기온 등 자연환경에 대한 정밀 조사가 필요하다. 유충 및 성충의 서식유무에 대해 현장 실태 조사를 하여 현재 장수하늘소가 서식하고 있는 산림지역의 서어나무 군락지역이나 서식지를 지정하여 관리할 필요가 있다. 특히 기주식물 군락지나 서식지 보전을 지정할 때는 우리나라에서 알려진 4분류군의 기주식물이 같이 혼서 하는 산림지역을 선정하는 것이 중요하다고 판단된다. 현지 내 종 보호정책으로 광릉지역 일대뿐만 아니라 주변지역도 개발 제한조치와 주변지역에서 인간 활동으로 인해 장수하늘소 번식에 피해를 줄 수 있는 요인들을 제거할 필요가 있다. 인공사육 및 증식을 통해 기존 서식지에 방사방안으로 서식 개체군에 교란이 일어나지 않는 범위 내에서 과거 서식지로 알려졌으나 현재 출현 보고가 없는 지역부터 시행할 필요가 있다. 마지막 방안의 하나로 우리나라 특히 광릉숲 일대의 장수하늘소 보전이 학술적 연구나 생물다양성 보전 차원에서 중요할 뿐만 아니라 향후 생태관광자원으로서 중요성과 가치에 대해 지역 주민이나 국민들에 지속적으로 홍보할 필요가 있다. 보호활동이나 보전에 기여한 단체나 개인에게 국가가 다양한 방법으로 지원 내지 보상체계를 도입할 필요가 있다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2023년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.7-7
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• 2023

현재 다양한 4차산업의 주요기술로는 빅데이터, 사물인터넷, 인공지능, 블록체인, 혼합현실(MR), 드론 등이 대표적인 기술들이다. 특히 최근에 세계적인 기술적 트랜드로 자리 잡고 있는 "디지털 트윈(digital twin)은 물리적인 사물과 컴퓨터에 동일하게 표현되는 가상 모델의 개념으로서. 실제 물리적인 자산 대신 소프트웨어로 가상화한 자산의 Digital twin을 만들어 모의실험함으로써 실제 농작업의 특성(현재 상태, 농업생산성, 농작업 시나리오, 등)에 대한 정확한 정보를 얻을 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 노지노업 주산지에 대한 디지털 트윈 데이터를 구축하고 스마트팜 단지를 설계 및 구축하여, 통합관제시스템 운영을 통해 자동 물관리, 원격생육예찰, 드론방제, 병충해 예찰작업 등으로 농작업을 효율화하고자 한다. 또한, 빅데이터 분석을 통한 적정량의 비료·농약사용으로 환경적 부하를 최소화하여, 노동력절감, 농작물 생산성을 향상할 수 있는 디지털 환경제어농업을 국내에 보급하고자 한다. 이러한 노지농업 기술은 디지털 농작업 및 재배관리 등 으로 노동력이 절감되고, 기후변화에 대비한 물이용 최적화와 토양오염예방 효과를 기대할 수 있으며, 전국 재배환경 디지털 데이터 확보를 통한 노지작물의 정량적인 생육관리가 가능하게 된다. 또한 농업생산성 향상을 통한 탄소중립 RED++ 활동을 직접적으로 실천을 할 수 있는 방안이다. 취득된 고정밀·고화질 영상기반 농작물 생육데이터취득을 통한 생육현황 분석과 예측은 디지털 영농작업관리에 매우 효과적이다. 실제 국립식량과학원 남부작물부에서는 지중점적, 땅속배수 등 다양한 종류의 노지스마트팜 연구개발을 진행하였다. 특히, 올해부터는 전국농업기술원 단지를 대상으로 노지스마트팜 시설 구축 및 기술 보급을 통한 사업화를 본격적으로 진행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 디지털 트윈 기술과 노지스마트팜 기술을 융합한 농업분야 구축사례와 향후 활용방안에 대하여 서술하고자 한다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.112-120
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• 2007

본 총설에서는 연어과 어류의 계군 분석을 위한 생물학적 표식으로서의 기생충의 유용성에 관하여 다루었다. 계군의 정의는 학자에 따라 다양하지만, 대부분은 본질적으로 서로 유사한 생물학적 특징을 가지며 타 계군과의 혼합 없이도 스스로 번식이 가능하여 일정한 규모를 유지할 수 있는 일련의 개체들의 모임을 계군으로 정의하고 있다. 이 계군을 관리하는 일은 지속적인 생산 및 소비를 위하여 매우 중요하며 특히 연어과 어류의 계군은 각국이 지속적인 자원 확보를 위하여 적극적으로 치어를 방류하고 있으며, 이는 각국의 자산으로 간주되므로 공해 상에서 계군을 구분하여야 한다. 계군을 구분하는 방법은 매우 다양하다. 인공 표식, 기생충과 같은 생물학적 표식, 이석 분석, 비늘 분석, 유전정보 분석 등의 방법이 있는데, 각각 장점과 단점이 있으며, 이 중에서 기생충과 같은 생물학적 표식은 별도의 비용이 들지 않는다는 장점이 있다. 기생충이 존재하는 수역을 감수성이 있는 어류가 통과할 때 이 기생충에 감염이 된다. 이후, 감염된 어류가 이동하여 기생충이 존재하지 않는 수역에서 포획될 경우, 이 개체가 기생충이 존재하는 지역을 통과하였음을 유추해 낼 수 있다. 따라서 이 개체는 기생충에 의해 자연히 표식되는 셈이 된다. 그러나 이 지역을 통과하지 않는 개체는 기생충에 의해 표식되지 않는다. 그러므로 이 생물학적 표식을 통해 각각의 계군을 구분할 수 있으며 이동 경로도 추적이 가능하다. 여기서는 연어과 어류 연구를 목적으로 기생충을 생물학적 표식으로 사용한 각종 예를 들었으며, 이 방법의 장점 및 단점 또한 서술하였다. 연어(Oncorhyunchus keta)는 국내에 소상하는 주된 연어과 어류이며, 북태평양 전역에 분포한다. 한국산 연어는 오호츠크해를 거쳐 북서태평양 및 베링해로 이동한 후 회유하는 것으로 생각된다. 그렇지만, 한국산 연어의 공해 상에서 분포 및 회유 경로에 대해서는 확실하게 알려지지 않은 부분이 많으며 한국산 연어 계군을 타 계군과 확실하게 구분할 수 있는 표식도 아직까지는 존재하지 않는다. 여기에서는 기생충에 관한 정보를 포함한 한국산 연어의 계군 분석에 대한 최근의 연구 결과에 관하여 마지막으로 언급하였다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.35-61
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• 2024

식물상 연구는 종 다양성 현황을 파악할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 증거표본을 바탕으로 변화를 평가 및 예측하고 한반도의 기후환경 및 생물다양성을 기록할 수 있다. 보래봉은 보존 가치가 있는 식물자원을 보유하나 등산로와 임도를 통한 인위적인 간섭이 우려되는 지역이다. 따라서, 본 연구는 증거표본 및 사진자료에 기초하여 보래봉 일대의 관속식물을 보고하고, 보래봉의 생물다양성 보존을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 한다. 또한 선행연구와 비교를 통해 추가적인 침입 외래식물 유입 방지에 활용하고자 한다. 2022년 4월부터 11월까지 총 11회에 걸쳐 현지 조사를 조사한 결과, 87과 269속 401종 13아종 35변종 6품종으로 총 455분류군이 조사되었다. 또한, 적색목록은 총 4분류군(EN 2분류군, NT 2분류군), 한반도 특산식물은 18분류군, 식물구계학적 특정식물은 102분류군(V 등급 1분류군, IV 등급 16분류군, III 등급 31분류군, II 등급 31분류군, I등급 23분류군)이 나타났다. 게다가 보래봉에서 외래식물 17분류군, 생태계교란식물 2분류군, 자원식물은 439분류군이 확인되었다. 선행 연구와의 비교 결과, 38과 76속 86종 1아종 8변종 3품종 총 98분류군이 처음으로 확인되었다.

• 기록학연구
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• 제79호
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• pp.5-32
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• 2024

한국 정부가 UN의 2022년 전자정부 발전 지수에서 UN가입 193개국 중 3위에 랭크됐다. 그동안 꾸준히 상위국으로 평가된 한국은 분명 세계 전자정부의 선도국이라 할 수 있다. 전자정부의 윤활유는 데이터다. 데이터는 그 자체로 정보가 아니고 기록도 아니지만 정보와 기록의 원천이며 지식의 자원이다. 전자적 시스템을 통한 행정 행위가 보편화된 이후 당연히 데이터에 기반한 기록의 생산과 기술이 확대되고 진화하고 있다. 기술은 가치중립적인 듯 보이지만 사실 그 자체로 특정 세계관을 반영하고 있다. 더구나 비물질적 유통을 기반으로 하는 디지털 세계, 온라인 네트워크의 또 다른 아이러니는 반드시 물리적 도구를 통해서만 접속하고 접촉할 수 있다는 점이다. 디지털 정보는 논리적 대상이지만 반드시 어떤 유형이든 그것을 중계할 장치 없이는 디지털 자원을 읽어 내거나 활용할 수 없다. 초연결, 초지능을 무기로 하는 새로운 기술의 디지털 질서는 전통적인 권력 구조에 깊은 영향력을 끼칠 뿐만 아니라 기존의 정보 및 지식 전달 매개체에도 마찬가지의 영향을 미치고 있다. 더구나 데이터에 기반한 생성형 인공지능을 비롯해 새로운 기술과 매개가 단연 화두다. 디지털 기술의 전방위적 성장과 확산이 인간 역능의 증강과 사유의 외주화 상황까지 왔다고 볼 수 있을 것이다. 여기에는 딥 페이크를 비롯한 가짜 이미지, 오토 프로파일링, 사실처럼 생성해 내는 AI 거짓말(hallucination), 기계 학습데이터의 저작권 침해에 이르기까지 다양한 문제점 또한 내포하고 있다. 더구나 급진적 연결 능력은 방대한 데이터의 즉각적 공유를 가능하게 하고 인지 없이 행위를 발생시키는 기술적 무의식에 의존하게 된다. 그런 점에서 지금의 기술 사회의 기계는 단순 보조의 수준을 넘어서고 있으며 기계의 인간 사회 진입은 고도의 기술 발전에 따른 자연적인 변화 양상이라고 하기에는 간단하지 않은 지점이 존재한다. 시간이 지나며 기계에 대한 관점이 변화하게 될 것이기 때문이다. 따라서 중요한 것은 기계를 통한 커뮤니케이션, 행위의 결과로서의 기록이 생산되고 사용되는 방식의 변화가 의미하는 사회문화적 함의에 있다. 아카이브 영역에서도 초지능, 초연결사회를 향한 기술의 변화로 인해 데이터 기반 아카이브 사회는 어떤 문제에 직면하게 될 것인지, 그리고 그 속에서 누가 어떻게 기록과 데이터의 지속적 활동성을 입증하고 매체 변화의 주요 동인이 될 것인가에 대한 연구가 필요한 시점이다. 본 연구는 아카이브가 행위의 결과인 기록뿐만 아니라 데이터를 전략적 자산으로 인식할 필요성에서 시작했다. 이를 통해 전통적 경계를 확장하고 데이터 중심 사회에서 어떻게 재영토화를 이룰 수 있을지를 알아보았다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.