• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.91-101
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• 2021

본 연구는 조음속도를 사용하여 말더듬 성인과 일반 성인의 말운동 특성과 운동기술 학습 능력을 비교하고, 언어적 복잡성이 조음속도에 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 연구 참여자는 말더듬 성인 11명, 일반 성인 11명이었다. 각 참여자는 길이와 구문적 복잡성이 다른 4개의 문장(짧고 단순한 문장, 길고 단순한 문장, 길고 복잡한 문장, 길고 구문적 오류가 있는 문장)을 반복해서 산출하였으며, 문장별로 전체 조음속도 및 문장산출 순서에 따른 조음속도를 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 언어적 복잡성과 상관없이 말더듬 성인은 일반 성인보다 전체 조음속도가 유의하게 느린 것으로 나타났다. 또한 긴 문장들이 짧고 단순한 문장보다 조음속도가 유의하게 느린 것으로 나타났다. 문장산출 순서에 따른 조음속도 비교 결과, 두 집단은 모든 문장에서 중간 4개 문장과 마지막 3개 문장의 조음속도가 첫 3개 문장의 조음속도보다 유의하게 빠른 모습을 보였다. 길고 구문적 오류가 있는 문장은 중간 4개 문장의 조음속도보다 마지막 3개 문장의 조음속도가 유의하게 빨라 지속적인 연습효과를 보인 반면, 다른 세 개의 문장들은 중간 4개 문장의 조음속도와 마지막 3개 문장의 조음속도에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 말더듬 성인이 일반 성인보다 상대적으로 미숙한 말운동통제 능력을 보이는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 문장의 길이와 구문적 복잡성이 조음속도에 영향을 미치는 요인임을 확인하였다. 또한 말더듬 성인과 일반 성인은 문장을 반복적으로 산출하며 조음속도가 빨라지는 연습효과를 보였으며, 연습효과가 나타나는 패턴은 두 집단이 비슷하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.468-477
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• 2023

Background This article describes the development of the Myanmar Articulation, Resonation, Nasal Emission, and Nasal Turbulence test for children with cleft lip and palate (CLP), and evaluation of its validity and reliability. Methods It was created by three Thai researchers and a Burmese research assistant based on Burmese phonology. The content validity was evaluated by six Burmese language experts. All test items were divided into three groups: high-pressure oral consonants, low-pressure oral consonants, and nasal consonants. Results All items (58-word and 32-phrase/sentence) gave an excellent level of the expert agreement (item-level content validity indexes = 1.00). The target items were illustrated as color pictures. Each picture was clearly drawn and easy to identify. As a pilot study of face validity, all pictures were administered to 10 typical-developing children. The actual testing was assessed by 10 CLP children, and the developed test was analyzed through consultation of the Burmese teachers and interpreters from a speech camp. Testing scores for a total including three groups of target items were shown acceptable for internal consistency reliability (ranged from 0.4 to 0.88). Conclusion The constructed test is valid in terms of its content.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.447-456
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• 2008

There is close relationship between intraoral structural anomaly and speech- functional problem. Patient with cleft palate patients & ankyloglossia is a typical example, patients with structural anomaly is repaired toward normal structure by operation. Ankyloglossia may cause functional limitation even after adequate surgical treatment speech disorders being one of them. Interindividually, they vary a lot, showing typical articulation specifics. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare speech for children with ankyloglossia and general public, to determine whether ankyloglossia is associated with articulation problem. We wanted to present criteria for indication of frenectomy. The group of subject is composed of 10 childrens with ankyloglossia and articulation problem, visited the Oral and Maxillofacial surgical unit, dental hospital, Chonbuk university. The average age is 5 Y 7M, M : F ratio is 8 : 2 at the time of speech test. Control group is composed of 10 members without oral structural anomaly. The average age is 5 Y 10M, M : F ratio is 3 : 7 at the time of speech test. Outcomes were measured the PPVT(Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test), PCAT(Picture Consonant Articulation Test), Nasometer II test result obtained each group, statistically measured by Mann-whitney's U Test. There was no difference for 'chronological age-age equivalent' between two group. There was significant difference for 'consonant accuracy' between two group, showed more lower scores in subject group. There was more 'consonant error' in subject group, mostly showed/1/,/s/. A major modality of 'consonant error' was mostly distortion and replacement. There was no significant difference between two group for nasality.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2007년도 한국음성과학회 공동학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.149-151
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• 2007

This study was designed to investigate fast ab/adduction rate of articulation valves in normal adults. The measurement of fast ab/aduction rate has traditionally been used for assessment, diagnosis and therapy in patients who suffered from dysarthria, functional articulation disorders or apraxia of speech. Fast ab/adduction rate shows the documented structural and physiological changes in the central nervous system and the peripheral components of oral and speech production mechanism. Fast ab/adduction rates were obtained from 20 normal subjects by producing the repetition of vocal function (/ihi/), tongue function (/t${\wedge}$/), velopharyngeal function (/m/), and labial function (/p${\wedge}$/). The Aerophone II was used for data recording. The results of finding as follows: average fast ab/adduction rates were vocal function(6.21cps), tongue function(7.42cps), velopharyngeal function(5.23cps), labial function (6.93cps). The results of this study are guidelines of normal diadochokinetic rates. In addition, they can indicate the severity of diseases and evaluation of treatment.

• 음성과학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.177-189
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• 2008

This study was to investigate diadochokinetic (DDK) rate, regularity and mean flow rate of articulation valves in dysarthria. DDK rate, mean airflow rate (MFR) and regularity of DDK syllable repetitions of vocal function /ihi/, tongue function /ta/, velopharyngeal function /bm/, and labial function /pa/ in 24 normal and dysarthric speakers were measured. Aerophone Ⅱ and Motor Speech Profile were used for data recording and analysis. The results of the findings were as follows: First, there were significant differences between the dysarthria and the normal group in DDK rate. DDK rates in ataxic dysarthria were the lowest and spastic, flaccid, and hypokinetic dysarthria followed in sequence. Second, there was a significant difference between the dysarthria and the normal group in DDK regularity. Third, there was a significant difference between dysarthria groups and normal group in DDK MFR. Finally, there was a significant difference between the 4 groups of dysarthria and the normal group in DDK air flow tracking. The results of this study can be guidelines for normal DDK rate, regularity and flow rate in dysarthria groups. In addition, their differential diagnoses and descriptions are important to make a decision on medical and behavioral management of the individuals with disorders according to DDK characteristics.

• 대한구순구개열학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2005

Cleft lip and palate is a congenital deformity which needs a professional and consistent management from the birth and along with the physical growth of patients. The patients with cleft lip and palate can have general speech problems with resonance disorders, voice disorders and articulation disorders after the successful primary surgical management and the physical growth. Speech problems of Cleft lip and palate are characterized hypernasality, nasal air emission, increased nasal air flow, and aberrant speech marks which decrease intelligibility. These speech problems of cleft lip and palate can be treated with the secondary surgical procedure, the application of temporary prosthesis and the effective and well-timed speech therapy. The speech and language problems of cleft lip and palate, the general procedures and schedules of the speech assessment and therapy based on the multidisciplinary approach are introduced for the patients with cleft lip and palate, their family and the other members of the cleft palate treatment team.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2003년도 10월 학술대회지
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• pp.125-127
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• 2003

The aim of the paper is to analyze prosodic characteristics in apraxia of speech and establish the fundamental sources in diagnosis of motor speech disorders. The sentences consist of two different types (declarative and interrogative) with different numbers of constituents which are one to three. The stimuli were constructed to assess apraxics speech with articulation and humming skills. The features of speech patterns were examined such as utterance duration, boundary tones, and etc. The results of the analysis are as follow: 1) In the interrogative sentences, the rising boundary tones appeared only in the humming tasks 2) the utterance duration is relatively shorter in the humming tasks than the speech with articulation.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2007

A Case Report of Communication disorder associated with Post-stroke Objectives : The Objective Is the Report of Improvement in Communication Disorder Associated with Post-Stroke. Methods : Acupuncture And Medicinal Treatments Were Performed from 17th March 2006 until 8th April 2006. The Medicines Bangpungtongsung-san and Chungpesagan-tang Were Used to Improve Patient Bowel Movement. The Sa-Am Acupuncture Method Was Used to Improve Patient Communication Disorders. Every 5 Days Articulation Accuracy, Vowel Accuracy, Alternation and Speed of Reading Sentences Were Evaluated. Results : After 23 Days of Treatment There was Improvement of Articulation Accuracy, Alternation and Speed of Reading Sentences.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.98-102
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• 2006

Background and Objectives : Voice onset time(VOT) is defined as the time interval from oral release of a stop consonant to the onset of glottal pulsing in the following vowel. VOT is a temporal characteristics of stop consonants that reflects the complex timing of glottal articulation relative to supraglottal articulation. Stop consonants are characterized by creation of a pressure difference across a complete occlusion in the vocal tract, followed by a sudden release 'burst' due to opening that occlusion. The objects of this study is to evaluate a usefulness of voice onset time in the assessment of voice disorderd patients. Subjects : Subjects were 20 adults with normal voice and with benign laryngeal disorders. Subjects with voice disorders represented the following vocal pathologies : vocal polyp, vocal nodule, Reinke's edema and unilateral vocal fold paralysis(UVFP). Control subjects were matched for age (21-40 yews old) and sex(male) with the voice disorders subjects and had normal vocal qualities with no history of voice disorders. Methods : Each voice-disordered and matched control subject read the test passages containing three types of Korean bilabial consonants. VOT measures were made for the initial $/p/p^h/\;and\;/p'/$. VOT was measured using acoustic waveform or wide band spectrogram. Results : For each voiceless stop consonants, there was a significant difference in VOT between the voice disordered and normal subjects. The mean VOTs of the lax stops in UVFP was significantly shorter than those of control subjects in the UVFP. The mean VOTs of the aspirated stops in the vocal polyp and nodule were longer than those of control subjects, but not significant. The mean VOTs of the glottalized in voice disordered groups were longer than those of control subjects, and significant statistically in the UVFP. Conclusions : VOT may be a clinically useful acoustic parameter in the assessment of voice disordered patients, especially in the unilateral vocal fold paralysis.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 말소리장애 아동이 산출하는 이중모음의 특성을 파악하여 평가 및 중재에 활용할 수 있는 기초 자료를 마련하는 것이다. 현재까지 말소리장애 아동의 이중모음 산출 특성에 관한 음향학적 연구는 미비하였다. 이에 말소리장애 아동과 일반 아동을 대상으로 집단 간 이중모음 산출 특성의 차이를 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 각 10명의 만 4-5세 말소리장애와 일반 아동을 대상으로, 무의미 2음절 '이중모음+다'를 모방하도록 하였다. 산출된 이중모음의 활음 구간 내 제1, 2 포먼트 기울기, 포먼트 변화량, 활음 지속시간을 Praat(version 6.1.16)을 이용해 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 두 집단 간 /유/의 F1 기울기에 집단 간 유의한 차이가 있었다. 또한, 말소리장애 아동이 일반 아동에 비해 전반적으로 작은 포먼트 변화량과 더 짧은 활음 지속시간을 보였다. 유의한 포먼트 변화량의 집단 간 차이는 /유, 예/의 F1과 /야, 예/의 F2에서 나타났으며, 유의한 활음 지속시간의 차이는 /유, 예/에서 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 말소리장애 아동이 이중모음을 조음하는 범위가 일반 아동보다 상대적으로 작아 그만큼 조음하는데 걸리는 시간이 줄었음을 보여준다. 이러한 점은 말소리장애 아동의 이중모음에 관한 평가와 중재를 할 때 말소리장애 아동의 조음 범위를 고려해야 하며, 이에 음향학적 도구를 활용하는 것이 필요함을 뒷받침한다.