Kim, Jin-Sun;Kim, Tae-Young;Kim, Kyung-Hwan;Park, Byung-Ho
International Journal of Highway Engineering
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v.13
no.1
/
pp.49-57
/
2011
This study deals with the traffic accident of arterial link sections in the case of Cheongju. The purpose of the study is to develop the traffic accident model by the function of arterial links. In pursuing the above, this study gives particular attentions to developing the appropriate models using the accident data of main and minor arterial roads divided by 472 small link sections. The main results analyzed are as follows. First, as the t test on the accident characteristics of main and minor arterial roads shows that there are differences in the number of accident and EPDO(equivalent property damage only) between two roads, the development of models by function is analyzed to be appropriate. Second, it is analyzed that ZINB models are all statistically suitable to the number of accident and EPDO of main arterial roads. Third, the analysis shows that EPDOs of minor arterial roads fit to ZINB, and the number of the accident fit to ZIP model. Finally, the common variables of main arterial roads are evaluated to be the traffic volume and the number of inflection point, and those of minor be the average grade.
Microsurgical free-tissue transfer has allowed surgeons to salvage injured limbs but choosing appropriate healthy recipient vessels has proved to be a difficult problem. Retrograde flow flaps are established in island flaps. Retrograde flow anastomosis could prevent the possible kinking and twisting of the arterial anastomosis. By not interrupting the proximal blood flow to the fracture or soft tissue defect site, the compromise of fracture or wound healing might be prevented. We wished to estabilish an animal model in rat for a retrograde arterial flow based free flap. Nembutal-anesthetized male rats; weighing 250 to 300 gm, were used. The femoral artery and common carotid artery were exposed and divided. The systemic and retrograde arterial pressure were quantified by utilizing a parallel tubing system connected with peripheral arterial line. In this study, the retrograde flow was not pulsatile and the retrograde arterial pressure was 64-65mmHg, with a mean arterial pressure of 106-109mmHg. An epigastiic skin flap, measuring $3{\times}3cm$, was raised with its vascular pedicle. The epigastric free flap was transfered in the same rat from femoral vessels to carotid vessels in end to end fashion. We anastomosed the donor arteries to the distal parts of the divided recipient arteries and the donor veins to the proximal parts of the recipient veins. Twelve experiments were performed and the transplantations succeeded in 75 percent of them. In the remaining 25 percent, the experiments failed due to thrombosis at the site of anastpmosis, or other causes. This animal model represents an excellent example of retrograde arterial flow free flap transfer that is reliable.
Park, Jiyeon;Choi, Youngju;Mizushima, Ryoko;Yoshikawa, Toru;Myoenzono, Kanae;Tagawa, Kaname;Matsui, Masahiro;Tanaka, Kiyoji;Maeda, Seiji
Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
/
v.23
no.3
/
pp.39-44
/
2019
[Purpose] Weight loss can reduce obesity-induced arterial stiffening that is attributed to decreased inflammation. Angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) is a pro-inflammatory adipokine that is upregulated in obesity and is important in the progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of dietary modification on circulating ANGPTL2 levels and arterial stiffness in overweight and obese men. [Methods] Twenty-two overweight and obese men (with mean age of 56 ± 2 years and body mass index of 28.6 ± 2.6 kg/m2) completed a 12-week dietary modification program. We measured the arterial compliance and β-stiffness index (as the indices of arterial stiffness) and serum ANGPTL2 levels before and after the program. [Results] After the 12-week dietary modification, body mass and daily energy intake were significantly reduced. Arterial compliance was significantly increased and β-stiffness index was significantly decreased after the 12-week dietary modification program. Serum ANGPTL2 levels were significantly decreased. Also, the changes in arterial compliance were negatively correlated with the changes in serum ANGPTL2 levels, whereas the changes in β-stiffness index were positively correlated with the changes in serum ANGPTL2 levels. [Conclusion] These results suggest that the decrease in circulating ANGPTL2 levels can be attributed to the dietary modification-induced reduction of arterial stiffness in overweight and obese men.
It is now widely accepted that the complete arterial coronary revascularization has better short and long term results compared to coronary bypass surgery using arterial graft mixed with vein graft mainly due to its superior patency rate. However, sometimes the internal thoracic artery and other conventionally used grafts might be unavailable or it may require caution in using bilateral internal thoracic artery especially in diabetic patient because of the possible risk of the mediastinitis or other associated morbidities. Moreover, there could also be a shortage for arterial graft in case of coronary reoperation. We report our first three cases using thoracodorsal artery(TDA) as an alternative graft in complete arterial coronary revascularization.
Purpose: Arterial injury in children is a challenging problem for its special characteristics. It is rare even during warfare. This review described a personal experience in the management and outcome of acute pediatric arterial injuries of extremities. Methods: Thirty-six children below age of 13 years were studied during period from 2004 through 2014 in Iraq. Results: Male patients were 27 (75%) and female were 9 (25%). Seven to twelve years old was the most affected age group. The incidence of iatrogenic injuries was greater in infants and toddlers while penetrating injuries were the most common in older children. Upper limbs arteries were affected in 17 (47.2%) and lower limb in 19 (52.8%) patients. Hard signs were the commonest mode of presentation (83.3%). Lateral wall tear and complete transection were the most frequent types of arterial injury (36.1% and 27.8% respectively). The most frequent procedures performed were end-to-end anastomosis and lateral arteriorrhaphy. Surgical outcome was good. In 27 cases distal pulsations were regained. Seven cases had impalpable distal pulses but still viable limbs. Limb length discrepancy was detected in one case. One case was complicated with limb loss. No death was recorded. Conclusion: Arterial injuries in children are age related. The proper treatment of arterial injuries in children requires high index of suspicion, early operative intervention and continuous postoperative follow-up throughout years of active growth. Angiogram has a limited role as a diagnostic tool in acute arterial injuries.
In 20 normal cases and 39 pulmonary tuberculosis cases, regional pulmonary arterial blood flow measurements and lung perfusion scans by $^{131}I$-Macroaggregated albumin, lung inhalation scans by colloidal $^{198}Au$ and spirometries by respirometer were done at the Radiological Research Institute. The measured lung function tests were compared and the results were as the following: 1. The normal distribution of pulmonary blood flow was found to be $54.5{\pm}2.82%$ to the right lung and $45.5{\pm}2.39%$ to the left lung. The difference between the right and left pulmonary arterial blood flow was significant statistically (p<0.01). In the minimal pulmonary tuberculosis, the average distribution of pulmonary arterial blood flow was found to be $52.5{\pm}5.3%$ to the right lung and $47.5{\pm}1.0%$ to the left lung when the tuberculous lesion was in the right lung, and $56.2{\pm}4.4%$ to the right lung and $43.8{\pm}3.1%$ to the left lung when the tuberculous lesion was in the left lung. The difference of pulmonary arterial blood flow between the right and left lung was statistically not significant compared with the normal distribution. In the moderately advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, the average distripution of pulmonary arterial blood flow was found to be $26.9{\pm}13.9%$ to the right lung and $73.1{\pm}13.9%$ to the left lung when the tuberculous lesion was more severe in the right lung, and $79.6{\pm}12.8%$ to the right lung and $20.4{\pm}13.0%$ to the left lung when the tuberculous lesion was more severe in the left lung. These were found to be highly significant statistically compared with the normal distribution of pulmonary arterial blood flow (p<0.01). When both lungs were evenly involved, the average distribution of pulmonary arterial blood flow was found to be $49.5{\pm}8.01%$ to the right lung and $50.5{\pm}8.01%$ to the left lung. In the far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, the average distribution of pulmonary arterial blood flow was found to be $18.5{\pm}11.6%$ to the right lung and $81.5{\pm}9.9%$ to the left lung when the tuberculous lesion was more severe in the right lung, and $78.2{\pm}8.9%$ to the right lung and $21.8{\pm}10.5%$ to the left lung when the tuberculous lesion was more severe in the left lung. These were found to be highly significant statistically compared with the normal distribution of pulmonary arterial blood flow (p<0.01). When both lungs were evenly involved the average distribution of pulmonary arterial blood flow was found to be $56.0{\pm}3.6%$ to the right lung and $44.0{\pm}3.2%$ to the left lung. 2. Lung perfusion scan by $^{131}I$-MAA in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was as follows: a) In the pretreated minimal pulmonary tuberculosis, the decreased area of pulmonary arterial blood flow was corresponding to the chest roentgenogram, but the decrease of pulmonary arterial blood flow was more extensive than had been expected from the chest roentgenogram in the apparently healed minimal pulmonary tuberculosis. b) In the pretreated moderately advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, the decrease of pulmonary arterial blood flow to the diseased area was corresponding to the chest roentgenogram, but the decrease of pulmonary arterial blood flow was more extensive in the treated moderately advanced pulmonary tuberculosis as in the treated minimal pulmonary tuberculosis. c) Pulmonary arterial blood flow in the patients with far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis both before and after chemotherapy were almost similar to the chest roentgenogram. Especially the decrease of pulmonary arterial blood flow to the cavity was usually greater than had been expected from the chest roentgenogram. 3. Lung inhalation scan by colloidal $^{198}Au$ in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was as follows: a) In the minimal pulmonary tuberculosis, lung inhalation scan showed almost similar decrease of radioactivity corresponding to the chest roentgenogram. b) In the moderately advanced pulmonary tuberculosis the decrease of radioactivity in the diseased area was partly corresponding to the chest roentgenogram in one hand and on the other hand the radioactivity was found to be normally distributed in stead of tuberculous lesion in the chest roentgenogram. c) In the far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, lung inhalation scan showed almost similar decrease of radioactivity corresponding to the chest roentgenogram as in the minimal pulmonary tuberculosis. 4. From all these results, it was found that the characteristic finding in pulmonary tuberculosis was a decrease in pulmonary arterial blood flow to the diseased area and in general decrease of pulmonary arterial blood flow to the diseased area was more extensive than had been expected from the chest roentgenogram, especially in the treated group. Lung inhalation scan showed almost similar distribution of radioactivity corresponding to the chest roentgenogram in minimal and far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, but there was a variability in the moderately advanced pulmonary tuberculosis. The measured values obtained from spirometry were parallel to the tuberculous lesion in chest roentgenogram.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a progressive, symptomatic, and ultimately fatal disorder for which substantial advances in treatment have been made during the past decade. This article reviews the recent advances in the field of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Epidemiology, genetics, treatment and prognosis will be the main focus of this update.
Lee Jae-Wook;Yeom Wook;Park Young-Woo;Shin Hwa-Kyun;Won Yong-Soon
Journal of Chest Surgery
/
v.39
no.8
s.265
/
pp.619-625
/
2006
Background: Peripheral arterial disease is frequently accompanied with systemic arteriosclerosis and more than half of the cause of deaths is due to the development of coronary arterial disease. Moreover, it is known that the most frequent cause of death after a bypass surgery of chronic arterial obstruction is heart related complications. Especially in patients with atherosclerotic arterial obstruction in the lower extremities who had no history of heart disease or had no presenting symptoms of ischemic heart disease showed a high rate of postoperative mortality and for this reason we suggest preoperative evaluation in these patients to evaluate whether or not coronary arterial disease is accompanied. Material and Method: Since Feb. 2001 to Oct. 2004, we analyzed 52 patients who were operated on for atherosclerotic arterial obstruction in the lower extremities, with the exception of patients with a past history of heart disease or symptoms of ischemic heart disease. They underwent on the same day a coronary and femoral angiography for evaluation of accompanying coronary arterial disease. Of among these patients, we compared those who received bypass surgery of the arteries of the peripheral extremities alone to those who underwent combined coronary artery bypass surgery. Result: 63% of the reported cases of atherosclerotic arterial obstruction in the lower extremities were accompanied with coronary arterial disease. Old age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and hypercholesterolemia are known risk factors for arteriosclerosis and of these, only old age and hypertension had statistically significance in patients with severe atherosclerotic arterial obstruction in the lower extremities accompanied with coronary arterial disease. Diabetes, smoking, and hypercholesterolemia showed no statistical significance in this group. With the increase in severity of the range and the degree of atherosclerotic arterial obstruction, coronary arterial disease is frequently accompanied and its severity also increased. Patients who received both peripheral artery and coronary artery bypass surgery showed no difference in the period of hospitalization and ICU stay period compared with patients who received bypass surgery of the arteries of the lower extremities alone. Conclusion: Patients with atherosclerotic arterial obstruction in the lower extremities without symptoms of ischem to evaluate coronary arterial disease for active treatment, especially in the patients with old age, hypertension and high AVD scores.
Purpose : To compare the arterial and venous detection sites of triggering methods in contrast-enhanced-MR-venography (CE-MRV) for the evaluation of intracranial venous system. Materials and Methods: 41 healthy patients underwent CE-MRV with autotriggering at either the cavernous segment of internal carotid artery with an inserted time-delay of 6 seconds (n = 20) or the superior sagittal sinus without any timedelay (n = 21). 0.1 mmol/kg gadolinium-based contrast material ($Magnevist^{(R)}$, Schering, Germany) was intravenously injected by hand injection. A sagittal fast-spoiled-gradient-echo-sequence ranging from one ear to the other was performed (TR/TE5.2/1.5, Matrix $310{\times}310$, 124 sections in the 15-cm-thick volume). 17 predefined venous structures were evaluated on all venograms by two neuroradiologists and defined as completely visible, partially visible, or none visible. Results: The rate of completely visible structures were 272 out of 323 (84%) in the arterial triggering CE-MRV and 310 out of 340 (91%) in the venous triggering CE-MRV. The venous triggering CE-MRV demonstrated an overall superior visualization of the cerebral veins than the arterial triggering CE-MRV (Fisher exact test, p < 0.006). Conclusion: CE-MRV using venous autotriggering method provides higher-quality images of the intracranial venous structures compared to that of arterial.
Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
/
v.16
no.1
/
pp.104-110
/
2002
Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium extract(CRVP) have been used in oriental medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent for Soothing the liver and regulating the circulation of qi(疏肝理氣), and promoting digestion and removing stagnated food(消積化滯). The effects of CRVP on the vascular system is not known. The purpose of this Study was to investigate the effects of CRVP on the pial arterial diameter and regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) in normal rats and ischemic cerebrovascular pathologic model rats. The changes in rCBF was determinated by Laser-Doppler Flowmetry(LDF), and the changes in pial arterial diameter were determinated by video microscopy methods and video analyzer. The results were as follows ; 1. Pial arterial diameter was significantly increased by CRVP in a dose-dependent manner. 2. Pretreatment with L-NNA significantly inhibited CRVP induced increased rCBF and pial arterial diameter. 3. Both the methylene chloride fraction and the hexane fraction of CRVP dose-dependently improved the altered cerebral hemodynamics of cerebral ischemic animal by increasing rCBF. 4. Pretreatment with L-NNA and indomethacin significantly inhibited CRVP(MC) induced increased rCBF. 5. Pretreatment with L-NNA and indomethacin significantly inhibited CRVP(hexane) induced increased rCBF. 6. Pretreatment with CRVP maredly stabilized the changes rCBF and pial arterial diameter during the period of cerebral reperusion. In conclusion, CRVP causes a diverse response of rCBF and pial arterial diameter, and CRVP dose-dependently improved the altered cerebral hemodynamics of cerebral ischemic animal by increasing rCBF and pial arterial diameter. These results suggest that the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics is also mediated by nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase.
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