• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.106-109
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• 1992

To investigate the biosynthetic pathway leading to artemisinin, the putative precursors, arteannuic acid and 11,12-dihydroarteannuic acid, were incubated in a cell-free system. For the experiment with dihydroarteannuic acid, artemisinin was generated in tumor homogenate. These results showed that dihydroarteannuic acid could be converted to artemisinin enzymatically. However, the experimental condition failed to convert arteannuic acid into 11,12-dihydroarteannuic acid.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.348-353
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• 2005

The extracts from natural and fermented products such as Artemisia plants, Rhodiola Salientness, fermented soybeans and soybean paste were used to investigate the whitening effect. 10 g of Artemisia plant were added to 300 mL of ethanol and extracted by sonification at room temperature for 3 h. The extract was further partitioned by the equal volume percent in the order of the n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. 5 g of Rhodiola salientness was also added to 150 mL of methanol and extracted at the room temperature for 12 h. The effluents from a chromatographic column ($3.9{\times}250mm$, $C_{18}$, $15{\mu}m$) were collected and concentrated in two parts. The extraction of fermented soybeans and soybean paste were done by 60% ethanol. In this work, tyrosinase inhibitory activity and melanin inhibitory effect were measured to confirm the whitening effect. The water layer of Artemisia princeps Pampan showed the good inhibitory of antioxidant, while the hexane layer of Artemisia iwayomogi Kitamura and the chloroform layer of Artemisia princeps Pampan had the excellent melanin inhibitory effect. The Rhodiola salientness had the superior whitening effect to the arbutin in in-vivo melanin production ratio assay. However, the fermented soybeans and soybean paste did not show any whitening effect.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.278-285
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• 2016

This study used response surface methodology (RSM) in an effort to optimize the ultrasoundassisted extraction condition of Camellia sinensis L. and Artemisia argyi mixture in order to increase extraction yield in the extract. The effects of three independent variables, $X_1$ (Mixture ratio, 60-80%), $X_2$ (Ratio of water to raw material, 20~100 mL/g), and $X_3$ (Extraction time, 25-145 min), were investigated at three levels using Box-Behnken design (BBD) to obtain the highest extraction efficiency. Y (Extraction yield) was chosen as dependent variable. Our result showed that the coefficient of determination ($R^2$) of the model was 0.9747, with significant at the level of p < 0.002. Furthermore, the predicted values of each variable were similar to the actual values. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: mixture ratio of 85.86%, ratio of water to raw material of 92.73 mL/g, and extraction time of 56.52 min. At these conditions, predicted extraction yield was 30.03%. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated a high goodness of model fit and the success of the RSM method for optimizing extraction conditions of Camellia sinensis L. and Artemisia argyi mixture.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.268-278
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• 2020

In this study, we investigated the chemical profile and effects of RW0117 (Artemisia argyi 65 .5 % ethanol extract) on gastric lesions in rats. We optimized and validated a method to obtain the chemical profile of RW0117. We then investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro, and the protective effects on gastric lesions in vivo. The IC50 of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging considering the antioxidant effects of RW0117 was 166.55 ㎍/mL, and the IC50 of nitric oxide scavenging considering the anti-inflammatory effects was 41.16 ㎍/mL. Oral administration of RW0117 at lower concentrations (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) had similar or greater effects than the daily intake conversion concentration (115mg/kg) of a health functional food (Avexol®) in the acetic acid-induced ulcer and the ethanol-induced gastric injury rat models. In addition, oral administration of RW0117 increased the expression of prostaglandin E2, which enhances the protective effect in the gastric mucosa in the ethanol-induced gastric injury rat model. These results suggest that RW0117 may have potential therapeutic uses in the protection of the gastric mucosa.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.27-30
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• 1996

This study was conducted to obtain basic information on growth characteristics and major components of three Korean endemic resource plant species, Artemisia sp., Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino and Humulus japonicus S. et Z. , growing in different areas in Korea. Three geographical types of artemisia, namely Pangssuk, Ongjinssuk and Yakssuk which were collect in Suwon, Ongjin and Eumsong, respectively were compared in yield, and Pangssuk artemisia was higher in yield than the others. However, essential oil content was the highest in Yakssuk artemisia. Dry weight of areal parts of G. pentaphyllum was higher in the cultural method with props for tendril growth than in the conventional cultural method without props. Rutin was detected in areal parts of G. pentaphyllum. Dry weight of areal parts of H. japonicus collected at the Kyeryong mountain in Chungnam province was higher than that collected in Eumsong. A phenolic compound isoquercitrin was detected in areal parts of H. japonicus.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.237-239
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• 2000

The antioxidant activity of Artemisia montana was determined by measuring the radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and inhibitory activity against free radical generation of hepatocytes ($AC_2$F). The methanol extract of A. montana showed strong radical scavenging activity at a concentration of $10.1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, and thus fractionated by solvent extraction. Esculetin and luteolin 7-O-rutinoside (scolymoside) were isolated as the active principles from the EtOAc and interphase fractions, respectively. The antioxidant activity of these compounds were comparable to that of L-ascorbic acid.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2011

The nutritional properties and biological activities of leaves and stems of Gaeddongssuk (Artemisia annua L.) were investigated. Contents of moisture, crude lipid and crude protein were significantly higher in the leaves, and then ash, crude fiber and mineral were significantly higher in the stems. Contents of total phenols and flavonoids of leaves were about 2 fold higher than those of stems. Antioxidant activity was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner; also, water and ethanol extracts of leaves were stronger than those of stems. Especially, DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power and tyrosinase inhibition activity were significantly higher in leaves extracts than stems extracts of Gaeddongssuk. But, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity was higher in stem than its leaves extract. In MTT assay by human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, ethanol extracts of leaves showed the highest anticancer activity; the rates of growth inhibition were 76.26% and 52.59% on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, at the concentration of $250\;{\mu}g$/mL, respectively. In conclusion, biological activities of extracts from Gaeddongssuk were dependent on the fiber, phenolic and flavonoid content.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.509-516
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• 2011

The antioxidant and anticancer activities of leaves and stems from Gaeddongssuk (Artemisia annua L.) were investigated. The leaves and stems were extracted with water and 80% ethanol, respectively. The antioxidant and growth inhibition activities toward cancer cells by the 4 kinds of extracts were tested. In addition, phenolic compounds from A. annua were identified through quantitative analysis using HPLC. Antioxidant activities significantly increased in a does-dependent manner, and those of water and ethanol extracts of the leaves were stronger than those of the stems. Growth inhibition activities of the leaf extracts on HeLa and AGS cells were higher than those of the stem extracts. In particular, the ethanol extract of the leaves had growth inhibition activities of 61.07% and 57.24% against HeLa and AGS cells, at the concentration of $500\;{\mu}g$/mL, respectively, which were the highest among all the extracts. Phenolic acid and catechin contents of the A. annua extracts as determined by HPLC were higher in the leaves than in the stems. Flavonols were identified only in the leaves. The data suggest that the antioxidant and anticancer activities of A. annua extracts were due to phenolic compounds as well as unknown biological compounds in A. annua.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.433-438
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• 2013

This study was conducted to obtain the basic data for using the Artemisia anuua as a new economic crop, thus Artemisia anuua was investigated their cultivation characteristics, yield, and variation of artemisinin contents by planting density and harvesting times. Seed characteristics of A. anuua have observed micro-size, and their germination optimum temperature was at 15 to 20 celsius degree. Planting density on the yield of A. anuua was increased high density better than low density. The highest yield was planted in the space of $30{\times}10$cm. Moreover, optimum harvesting time of A. anuua was investigated in early september and a periods of most highly detected artemisinin was time of before and after blooming of A. anuua.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.293-302
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• 2010

Taxa of Artemisia collected in Korea were constructed by molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer(ITS) regions of nrDNA. The length of the ITS sequences aligned using the clustal X program was 636~643 bp, and the lengths of the ITS1 and ITS2 regions were 251~255 bp and 217~222 bp, respectively. The total number of variable sites was 95 for the entire sequence, and a parsimony- informative site represented an efficacious site in ITS1 rather than in ITS2. The maximum parsimony tree as calculated by the MEGA 4 program was clustered into five clades. The taxa(A. capillaris, A. japonica var. japonica, A. japonica var. hallaisanensis, A. japonica subsp. littoricora) degenerated ovary of clade 1 was supported as the subgenus Dracunculus by Ling's classification system. The results show that A. nakaii and A. fukudo were quite similar genetically(Boostrap 99%) and that the scientific name of Korean A. dubia should be reconsidered. A. sp. distributed in Ganghwa province was grouped with A. argyi(Boostrap 89%). These results suggest that the molecular techniques used in this study could be useful for the phylogenetic analysis of Korean Artemisia herbs having variations in their morphological characteristics.