• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.409-422
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• 2022

Riverine wetlands are an important element of the river ecosystem and account for approximately 38% of the inland wetlands surveyed so far. The Shincheon Wetland located in Mangyeong River is also a channel wetland as the flow rate is slowed by the constructed weirs, leading to sediment accumulation. To identify the conservation value and ecological characteristics of Shincheon Wetland, its vegetation and plant diversity were identified using a phytosociological method, and a total of 45 vegetation-related datasets were collected. Overall, 24 plant communities, comprising a total of 153 taxa (49 families, 117 genera, 146 species, 2 subspecies, 5 varieties) were identified. The plant with the highest appearance rate in the communities was Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc. In addition, annual herb species, including Rumex crispus L., Bromusjaponicus Thunb., Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers., and Artemisia indica Willd. were frequently observed to be growing in the secondary grassland. Naturalized plants were surveyed in the 38 taxa; the urbanization index was 10.3% and the naturalized index was 24.8%. Plant communities were largely classified into submerged vegetation, floating and floating-leaved vegetation, annual and biennial vegetation, perennial herb vegetation, and woody vegetation. The distribution of plant communities reflecting various habitats, including the lentic and lotic zone maintaining a constant water depth, littoral zone experiencing intermittent water level fluctuations, and dry floodplain environment was also confirmed. Overall, plant community development plays an important role in the habitat for wild animals; therefore, it is expected to positively impact biodiversity enhancement.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2023

This study was established to provide basic information necessary for ecological management to restore the naturalness of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) plantations located in the mountains of Gyeongbuk, Korea. Using vegetation data collected from 200 black locust stands, vegetation types were classified using the TWINSPAN method, the spatial arrangement status according to the environmental gradient was identified through DCA analysis, and a synoptic table of communities was prepared based on the diagnostic species determined by determining community fidelity (Φ) for each vegetation type. The vegetation types were classified into seven types, namely, Quercus mongolica-Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum type, Castanea crenata-Smilax china type, Clematis apiifolia-Lonicera japonica type, Rosa multiflora-Artemisia indica type, Quercus variabilis-Lindera glauca type, Ulmus parvifolia-Celtis sinensis type, and Prunus padus-Celastrus flagellaris type. These types usually reflected differences in complex factors such as altitude, moisture regime, successional stage, and disturbance regime. The mean relative importance value of the constituent species was highest for black locust(39.7), but oaks such as Quercus variabilis, Q. serrata, Q. mongolica, Q. acutissima, and Q. aliena were also identified as important constituent species with high relative importance values, indicating their potential for successional trends. In addition, the total percent cover of constituent species by vegetation type, life form composition, species diversity index, and indicator species were compared.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.316-321
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• 2005

A total of ninety six pigs ($L{\times}Y{\times}D$, 20.92(2.13kg average initial body weight) were used in a 16-week performance growth assay to determine the effect of supplemental medicinal plane (Artemisia, Acanthopanax and Garlic) on growth performance, IGF-1 of serum and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs. The dietary treatments were included 1) CON (basal diet; Control), 2) MP1 (basal diet added $0.02\%$ of medicinal plant mixtures), 3) MP2 (basal diet added $0.04\%$ of medicinal plant mixtures) and 4) MP3 (basal diet added $0.06\%$ of medicinal plant mixtures). Through entire experimental period, as medicinal plants mixture (MP) increased, there was a decrease (linear, P<0.08) in average daily feed intake and an increase (linear, P<0.02; quadratic, P<0.08) in gain/feed. The backfat thickness tended to decrease in pigs fed MP diet compared to pigs fed CON diet (linear, P<0.09; quadratic, P<0.01). Increasing medicinal plane mixture tended to increase in IGF-1 content in serum (linear, P<0.09). The hunter $a^{*}$ (redness) (linear, P<0.01) and $b^{*}$ (yellowness) (linear, P<0.02) values of longissimus muscle were affected by the dietary MP treatments. The color of longissimus muscle was higher in the dietary MP treatments than that of the muscle in the control diet (linear, P<0.03). In conclusion, the result obtained from this feeding triad suggest that the medicinal plants mixture supplementation below $0.06\%$ in diets for growing-finishing pigs can be improved growth performance, IGF-1 and meat quality.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.887-894
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• 2016

The extract from Artemisia annuain L.(AAE) is known as a medicinal herb that is effective against cancer. Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death, and mitochondria are known to play a central role in cell death control. In this study, we evaluated the p53-independent apoptosis of extract of AAE through downregulation of Bcl-2 and the mitochondrial pathway in A549 (lung cancer cells). AAE may exert cancer cell apoptosis through regulating p-Akt, Cox-2, p53 and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic proteins. p-Akt/cox-2 is known to play an important role in cell proliferation and cell survival. The Bcl-2 pro-apoptotic proteins (such as Bax, Bak and Bim) mediate the permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane. Treatment of AAE reduces p-Akt, p-Mdm2, cox-2 and anti-apoptotic proteins (such as Bcl-2), while tumor suppressor p53 and pro-apoptotic proteins. Activation of Bax/Bak releases cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol to activate a caspase. Caspase-3 is the major effector caspase associated with apoptotic pathways. Caspase-3 generally exists in cytoplasm in the form of a pro-enzyme. In the initiation stage of apoptosis, caspase-3 is activated by proteolytic cleavage and activated caspase-3 cleaves poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). We treated Pifithrin-α (p53 inhibitor) and Celecoxib (Cox-2 inhibitor) to learn the relationship between the signal transduction of proteins associated with apoptosis. These results suggest that AAE induces apoptosis through a p53-independent pathway in A549.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.364-369
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• 1995

Anticarcinogenic activity of Moutan radix for mouse ascites cancer induced by mouse Sarcoma 180 (S-180) cells was investigated. Methanol extract of Moutan radix including other folk medicinal plants (Taxus cuspidata, Curcuma longa, Artemisia capillaris, Ligrstri fructus, and Liriope platyphylla) used to remedy or cure many chronic human diseases like cancer was fractionated into hexane, chloroform ($CHCl_3$), ethylacetate (EtOAc), and butanol (BuOH) fractions. Anticarcinogenic activity of the fractions, exhibited a strong cytotoxicity for L1210 and S-180 cells, was examined for mouse ascites cancer induced by S-180 cells. Male ICR mice (7 mice/treatment, $5{\sim}6$ weeks of age, $23{\pm}1\;g$ were injected i.p. with S-180 cells ($1{\times}10^{7}\;cell/1\;ml$ PBS). One day later, each mouse was given 0.1 ml of 10% DMSO containing sample ($30\;{\mu}g/g$ body weight) every day for 10 consecutive days. Control mice were only given 0.1ml S-180 cells and 0.1 ml 10% DMSO. Mice treated with EtOAc fraction of Moutan radix showed 28.7 days of life, which is 167% of control mice's life. Based on the dose-dependant experiment mice treated with $30\;{\mu}g$ showed longer life relative to mice treated with ootherr doses (5, 15, $60\;{\mu}g$), and mice treated with $60\;{\mu}g$ exhibited toxic symptoms. Body weight of mice treated with Moutan radix was significantly reduced relative to that of control mice (p<0.05). GC-MS analysis in conjunction with silica-gel column chromatography revealed that the EtOAc fraction contained 2-methoxylphenol, benzoic acid, 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethanone, 8-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)pteridinedione and 2,5-furan-dicarboxylic dimethyl ester as regards to the anticarcinogenic property of the EtOAc fraction. These results suggest that Moutan radix might be included as an anticarcinogenic medicinal plant for treatment of ascites cancer.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.190-198
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• 1983

To examine the possibility of enhancing activity of foliar applied herbicides by spray methods and additives, field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of surfactant, spray volume, and additions of ammonium sulfate or potassium chloride to glyphosate on toxicity to Digitaria sanguinalis or Artemisia princeps. Glyphosate toxicity increased as spray volume was decreased from 120 1/10a to 40 and 80 1/10a. Additions of surfactant in the spray solution increased toxicity of glyphosate to D. sanguinalis and usually more pronounced effect was obtained at glyphosate 30.5g a.i./10a. Additions of 1 and 5% (w/v) ammonium sulfate to glyphosate increased toxicity to A. princeps at glyphosate 30.5 and 61.5g a.i./10a. 10% ammonium slufate, however, had no effect or were antagonistic. Additions of potassium chloride at 1,2 and 3% (w/v) were also very effective to increase herbicidal activity to A. princeps at glyphosate at 30.5 and 61.0g a.i/10a. These results suggest that the practices for enhancement of herbicidal activity by improvement of spray method and additions of ammonium sulfate or potassium chloride to glyphosate can be employed to use lower herbicide levels while giving the same degree of weed control in orchards and non-crop lands.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.802-812
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of natural incense on the preservation of paper- and textile-based remains and the kinds and applications of natural anti-insect incense by reviewing relevant literatures of the ancient times. There are few ancient literatures of incense published in Korea. The researcher deducted how incense was used in this nation through reviewing verses contained in ancient literatures and medical books. In contrast, the kinds and applications of anti-insect incense used in China, where incense culture prospered, were investigated here through reviewing technical books about incense published during the Song(宋) and Ming(明) periods, $\ll$Incense record(香譜)$\gg$, $\ll$Chen's Incense record(陳氏香譜)$\gg$ and $\ll$Incense record(香乘)$\gg$. There were several methods of keeping clothes better from insects. In relation, how to use anti-insect incense varied in accordance with main materials of clothes, paper, textile, leather and others. Cymbopogon dstans(芸香), Brassica rapu var and Incarvillea sinensis(角蒿) are anti-insect incense which were used for paper. Anti-insect incense for textiles is classified into single and mixed incenses depending on whether only one kind of incense was used or more than seven kinds of the substance. Acori rhizoma(菖蒲), Capsella bursa-pastoris(薺菜花), Lactuca sativa L., Erigeron canadensis(莽草), Stemona japonica(百部) and Moschus sifanicus(麝香) are single anti-insect incense which were used for textile. While, the latter was called. ‘Yi Xiang(衣香)’ is mixed anti-insect incense which was used for textile. Artemisia asiatica(艾葉) and Zanthoxylum schinifolium(花椒) are anti-insect incense which were used for leather. Angelica dahurica(芳香) and Bamboo are anti-insect incense which were used for others. There were three main methods of using incense to prevent insects, that is, diffusing incense's strong scent and ingredients, exposing to smokes from burnt incense and washing with incense-boiled water. Diffusing incenses had a strong scent and antibiotic ingredients, which were put between books or clothes or into a storage box without being processed. If necessary, however, they were processed into rough powders that were in turn used singly, or otherwise mixed for a stronger scent and better insect elimination. Exposing to smokes from burnt incense was done as follows. A clothes was put on 'Long(籠)' underneath which there was a boiling water. The clothes was humidified by the water and then exposed to smokes from burnt incense. 'Long(籠)' had been long used since it was manufactured in the QinHan(秦漢) period for the first time. A local literature, $\ll$Koryo TuGing(高麗圖經)$\gg$ shows that in the Koryo(高麗) period, BoShaLu(博山爐) were used as a means of exposing clothes to smokes to prevent moths, similarly to China. Washing clothes with incense-boiled water was more effective in removing lots of worms and germs from clothes, but leaving the scent and ingredients of the used incense and maintaining the effect of anti-insect.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.399-402
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• 2002

Angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) belongs to the class of zinc protease and plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. In this experiment, we investigated the inhibitory activities of medicinal plant extracts on ACE. Fifty medicinal plants were selected and the extracts were prepared by refluxing with 70% methanol. Among the extracts, eleven medicinal plant extracts such as Sedum sarmentosum Bunge, Petasites japonicus(s.et z.) Max, Rubus coreanus, Morus bombycis Koidz, Acorus calamus var. angustatus, Glycyrhiza glabra, Equisetum hyemale, Portulaca oleracea L., Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina Nakai, Sorbus commixta Hedl, Allium thunbergii showed more than 50% inhibitory activities, and Paeonia suffruticosa Andr., lnula helenium, Acanthopanax senticosus Harms, Dendrobium moniliforme, Juglans mandshurica, Zizyphus jujuba, Leonurus artemisia, Aster scaber Thunb, Vitex rotundifolia, Platycodon grandiflorum, Prunus persica, Ligularia fischeri showed $40{\sim}49%$ inhibitory activities. Therefore these extracts which contain high ACE inhibitory activities may be useful as antihypertension agents and to the treatment of hypertension.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.418-425
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• 2017

ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are mainly used in semiconductors, solar cells, biosensors, and cosmetics (sunscreen). In this study, we investigated the behavior of ZnO NPs in aquatic and soil environments and their effects on plants (Artemisia annua L.) in hydroponic cultivation. It was confirmed that the ZnO NPs size increased and their dissolution decreased with increasing in pH. Leaching distance of ZnO NPs was less than 2.5 cm, indicating that ZnO NPs had a little potential to leach into deeper soil layers. When ZnO NPs were exposed to plant, the total weights of plants decreased. The effects on the length of root and shoot were not observed. In addition large amount of ZnO NPs were adsorbed on the surface of plant root and didn't translocate into shoot. These results suggest that ZnO NPs block the pores of the root cell wall and decrease the bioavailability of plant nutrients. Therefore it can be speculated that the particles increase in size and settle down in the water environment and may adversely affect the plant growth by firmly adhering to the root surface when the ZnO NPs are exposed to the environment.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.275-282
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• 2016

STAR of STAR (SS 01-04) is a series of drinks that consist of various extracts obtained from Coriolus versicolor, Artemisia capillaris Thunb., Hovenia dulcis, Acanthopanax sessiliflorus, Lycium chinense, Citrus reticulata, Saururus chinensis, Pueraria lobata, Pyrus pyrifolia, and Oenanthe javanica. A purpose of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of SS 01-04. Antioxidant activity of the drinks was evaluated by conducting a hydroxyl radical-scavenging assay. Cytotoxicity and hepatoprotective potential were determined using HepG2 cells in vitro, while protective effects against acute hepatotoxicity was evaluated in vivo. The antioxidant activity of the SS 01-04 at concentration of 100 and 250 mg/mL was similar to that of $50{\mu}M$ vitamin C. tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was blocked by SS 01, 03 and 04 in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with SS 04 significantly lowered the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in an animal model of carbon tetrachloride $(CCl_4)-induced$ hepatotoxicity (p<0.05). In addition, SS04 increased glutathione level while decreased malondialdehyde level in the liver considerably (p<0.05). It also inhibited the $CCl_4-induced$ increase in the levels of triglyceride and cholesterol in serum and the liver. These findings indicated that SS 01-04 possessed antioxidant activity and protect against ROS. In particular, SS 04 is potentially highly beneficial in treating liver damage as it scavenges reactive free radicals and boosts the endogenous antioxidant system.