• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.531-537
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• 2016

An experimental study was to use the parameter to determine the MRI artifact of chemical shift that occurs in water and fats. Scanning the image according to the encoding parameter and the bandwidth and change in 1.5T and 3.0T MRI to the SNR, we compared the CNR. In the image was confirmed that the occurrence of artefacts in the chemical shift of the water and oil. 3.0T more image artifacts in the 1.5T was confirmed that the relatively reduced. The width of the bandwidth it could be confirmed that according to the honeycombs artifacts decrease. Therefore, in order to reduce the artifacts in the MRI scan of the chemical shift runners weak field strength, is thought to be appropriate to widen the width of the bandwidth.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2016

'Eojin', king's portraits, had been produced during the Joseon dynasty. The portrait of King Taejo, the founder of the Joseon dynasty, remain at National Palace Museum of Korea and Gyeonggijeon portrait hall in Jeonju and Junwonjeon portrait hall in North Korea that has been recorded in original glass plate photo in 1911. Many replica of Eojin have been made since it is important to preserve and protect original one. In this study, the portrait of King Taejo, which is possessed by National Palace Museum of Korea, was researched for making replication standard version of the original form. It was focused on derivations of each artefacts and drawing lines those had been described on the picture including comparison among three portraits of King Taejo. Producing the replication standard version of King Taejo's portrait, the digital restoration techniques by the method of partition area scanning was applied. Accurate and precise detail result that is taken by digital imaging technique gives additional information regarding the relations among three portraits of King Taejo.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.191-197
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• 1992

An ancient Korean bronze dagger excavated from Yongjai-ri, Iksan-kun, presumed to be manufactured in the pre-historical age, was examined by means of chemical analysis, energy dispersive spectrometry, optical and scanning electron microscopy. Also the measurement of lead isotope ratios was carried out in order to predict the site where raw materials were produced. The composition was identified as 75.3% Cu, 17.1% Sn and 6.8% Pb which was a typical composition of Korean bronze dagger. The microstructure was consisted of ${\alpha}$ and (${\alpha}+{\delta}$) eutectoid. The (${\alpha}+{\delta}$) eutectoid can be easily corroded in comparison with ${\alpha}$. The segregation was frequently observed in the interior of the sample. According to the lead isotopes ratios, raw materials have possibility to be from North China.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.113-121
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• 2015

Artifact pattern representation of a method using the digital technology is largely are two digital rubbing technique and digital contrast technique. Digital rubbing technique is clearly with the naked eye to see the original prestigious and difficult to build a digital rubbing data patterns by scanning a prestigious and patterns carved into the artifacts in three dimensions without compromising the circle to represent the three-dimensional effect by contrast it to the objective value refers to a technique that can be represented in digital. Digital contrast technique can not be calculated if the depth information of the object due to the glassy film of artefacts in a three-dimensional surface scanning and the application of this technique refers to a realistic image mapped digital technique for generating digital image contrast. Digital rubbing technique is mainly useful to express the most prestigious and patterns expressed in pottery or tile and stone monument, etc. engraved or embossed, digital contrast techniques can be used effectively to artifacts such as magnetic or glass can not be applied to the digital rubbing technique.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 2004

The sand-covered Muweilah archaeological site in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a unique Iron Age site, and has been subject to intensive investigations. However, excavations are time consuming and may require twenty years to complete. Thus geophysical surveys were undertaken with the objective of characterising the site more expeditiously. This paper presents preliminary results of these surveys. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) was tested as a primary imaging tool, with an ancillary shallow time domain EM (MetalMapper) system. Dense 3D GPR datasets were migrated to produce horizontal (plan view) depth slices at 10 cm intervals, which is conceptually similar to the archaeologists' excavation methodology. The objective was to map all features associated with anthropogenic activity. This required delineating extensive linear and planar features, which could represent infrastructure. The correlation between these and isolated point reflectors, which could indicate anthropogenic activity, was then assessed. Finally, MetalMapper images were used to discriminate between metallic and non-metallic scatterers. The moderately resistive sand cover allowed GPR depth penetration of up to 5 m with a 500 MHz system. GPR successfully mapped floor levels, walls, and isolated anthropogenic activity, but crumbling walls were difficult to track in some cases. From this study, two possible courtyard areas were recognised. The MetalMapper was less successful because of its limited depth penetration of 50 cm. Despite this, the system was still useful in detecting modem-day ferruginous waste and bronze artefacts. The results (subject to ongoing ground-truthing) indicated that GPR was optimal for sites like Muweilah, which are buried under a few metres of sand. The 3D survey methodology proved essential to achieve line-to-line correlation for tracking walls. In performing the surveys, a significant improvement in data quality ensued when survey areas were flattened and de-vegetated. Although MetalMapper surveys were not as useful, they certainly indicated the value of including other geophysical data to constrain interpretation of complex GPR features.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.299-306
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• 2014

The possibility of a low-temperature argon plasma treatment as a mean of restoration technology for contaminated invaluable archive materials and artefacts, and evidencing documents was investigated along with an oxygen plasma treatment for comparison. For this purpose, the degree of color changes, ${\Delta}E^*ab$, and surface morphological changes due to plasma treatments as an evaluation of removal performance of artificial contaminants such as brilliant green dye and carbon deposit on cellulose acetate and plain paper as matrices, respectively, were measured and analyzed using a spectrophotometer and a field emission scanning electron microscope. Compared to the argon plasma treatment with sputtering characteristic, that of the oxygen plasma with characteristic of an oxidation reaction has shown superior results in removing the contaminants; the oxygen plasma has proven to damage the matrices significantly due to its oxidative characteristic, and post-plasma reactions has anticipated to be also detrimental to the surfaces, whereas, the problems caused by the counterpart has resulted in being negligible and rather has thought to be an appropriate mean for delicate restoration and/or removal operations of contaminants.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.277-286
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• 2014

This is the scientific analysis of lacquered pottery cup and lacquered pottery plate excavated from Pyongyang Tomb No.53 at Namjeong-ri, Nangnang Tomb, which were under conservation treatment as a part of the Project of Unregistered Artefacts Uncovered in the Japanese Colonial Era. It is very rare to have a lacquered pottery cup and plate, lying on a lacquered pottery table, as a set of grave goods. In particular, they are not wooden but pottery items. Of that on this analysis Lacquered pottery cup and lacquered pottery plate use red pigment and black pigment mixed with lacquer. Analysis results of red pigment is cinnabar(HgS) and black pigment is estimated carbon-based pigment.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.233-238
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• 2009

An inversion method regulated by the error in the measurement of the first arrival time was developed, and we conducted a feasibility study by applying the method to a real cross-well seismic data. The inversion is a two-step regulation process; 1) derive the measurement error bound based on the resolution of the velocity image want to derive, and exclude the records whose picking error is larger than the error bound, 2) set the travel time residual to zero if the residual is less than the measurement error. This process prevents the trivial residuals are accumulated and contribute to the velocity-model update. Comparison of two velocity images, one by using all records and another by using the regulate inversion method, shows that the later velocity image exhibits less numerical artefacts, and it also indicates that, according to the Fermat's principle, the latter image is a more feasible velocity model.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.14 no.3 s.38
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• pp.285-297
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• 2006

We aim to investigate the morphological and environmental characteristics of royal tombs of Chosun Dynasty by using GIS technique and remotely-sensed data. Most of the royal tombs are located on the banded gneiss and granite and over the south- and east. facing slopes and have altitudinal ranges of 150 to 200 meters. Due to the time gaps, exact locational preferences of the royal families can not be understood at this moment and also proximity to the running water is hard to be quantified. Close examination of Gwangneung indicates that the artificial modification and weathering have severe impacts on the slope and stone artefacts. The results from this research can be useful to preserve the valueless cultural heritages.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.131-155
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• 2007

The purpose of this thesis is to study on the philosophical analysis model and its methodological application of information systems research evaluation from critical realist perspective. Fist of all, I examine ontological epistemological methodological assertions of critical realism. Because the philosophy of critical realism is an opportunity for information systems study. I examine Dobson and Mutch's critical realist perspective on actors-structure model. I suggest a critical realist actors-praxis-structure model. This model provides the potential for a new approach to social investigations in its provision of an ontology for the analytical separation of structure and agency. Of most importance might be the incorporation of non-humans into the analysis of social interaction and of technology into the elaboration of structures. I also examine Tsoukas's critical realistic meta-theory of management. I suggest a critical realist IS management model. This model elucidate the nature of management and delineate the scope of applicability of various perspectives on management. The causal powers of management reside in the real domain and, taken together, their logics are contradictory, the effects of their contradictory composition are contingent upon prevailing contingencies. I analyze Carlsson's theory of design knowledge. His framework builds on that the aim of IS design science research is to develop practical knowledge for the design and realization of different classes of IS initiatives, where IS are viewed as socio-technical systems and not just IT artefacts. The framework proposes that the output of IS design science research is practical IS design knowledge in the form of field-tested and grounded technological rules. The IS design knowledge is developed through an IS design science research cycle. In conclusion, I think that IS actors-praxis-structure model, meta-theoretical IS management model, and IS design knowledge model according to critical realistic approach are very useful for IS research evaluation. Nevertheless, important problems are left not resolved.