• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.99-105
• /
• 1977

Mineralogical study of original and crushed zinc ores as well as mill products was made in order to find out the cause of low-grade concentrate and the scheme of raising its grade. Low-grade concentrate is due to 1) the abundance of other independent sulfides (arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, stannite) and silicate (quartz) in the zinc concentrate, 2) the presence of composite grains of sphalerite and other sulfides or silicate, 3) the presence of a lot of very fine-grained particle of stannite and chalcopyrite within the sphalerite grains, and 4) the high content of iron in sphalerite. It is proposed that further crushing and other appropriate processing should be made in order to increase the grade of zinc concentrate.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제13권2_3호
• /
• pp.88-92
• /
• 1969

As a part of series of "Studies on Inorganic Chinese Drugs in Korea" four arsenic mineral Chinese drugs were analyzed by emission spectrographic method, and also were studied crystallographically by X-ray diffraction method. The following results were revealed: 1) Tang-shin-suk was not a Native arsenic but a Arsenolite which containing 94% of $As_{2}O_{3}$, 2) Toh-shin-suk was Crade Aluminum silicate 3) Woong-whang was a Realgar $As_{2}S_{2}$, 4) Yeh-suk was a Ca-Al-Silicate which was mixed with .alpha.-quartz contaminated by Iron compound and trace amount of Arsenic. It was not verified that the presence of Arsenopyrite FeAsS which has been believed as a main component of Yeh-suk by a Japanese author Wakimizu, nor the presence of Arsenolite which was reported by Masutomi.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제19권spc호
• /
• pp.193-206
• /
• 1986

A number of auriferous veins occur in the Precambrian metamorphic terrain from Chungju to Mugeug district. These gold (-silver) deposits consist mainly of the fissure-filling quartz veins intruding the Precambrian gneiss or schist and Jurassic or Cretaceous granite. These gold (-silver) deposits can be 'divided into two mineralization epochs, (a) gold-rich veins related to Daebo igneous activity, and (b) gold-silver veins related to Bulgugsa igneous activity. These two groups of ore deposits with different generation can be characterized by the mode of occurrence of ore vein and the ore mineral associations. The auriferous quartz veins of Taechang and Boryeon mines associated with late Jurassic igneous activity are massive in character, and show the simple mineral assemblages and low Ag/Au ratio in the ores, representing a single mineralization system. The ore minerals are predominantly quartz containing minor or trace amonts of pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite and electrum. Electrum is closely associated with pyrrhotite and has chemical compositions from 61.4 to 78.5 atomic % Au. Fluid inclusion data suggest that ore minerals were deposited at temperatures between 238 and $390^{\circ}C$ from $CO_2$-rich fluids. The gold and/or silver-bearing quartz veins of Geumwang mine related to middle Cretaceous igneous activity are characterized by the multistage history, diverse mineral assemblages with high Ag/Au ratio in the ores. The ores of Geumwang mine have two contrasting mineral assemblages (1) pyrite+galena+sphalerite+arsenopyrite+electrum+argentite, representing the higher gold mineralization, and (2) pyrite+chalcopyrite+ galena +sphalerite+ arsenopyrite+silver sulfosalts+ electrum+ native silver+argentite, representing the higher silver mineralization. Electrum is closely associated with pyrite and has chemical compositions from 11.2 to 49.9 atomic % Au. The depositional environment during the higher gold mineralization can be estimated as the range of both temperature and sulfur fugacity, T= $200{\sim}300^{\circ}C$, log f ($S_2$) = $10^{-10}{\sim}10^{-15}$. The higher silver mineralization may be interpreted to have formed a range of falling temperature ($150{\sim}200^{\circ}C$) and low sulfur fugacity($10^{-10}{\sim}10^{-15}$). These temperature data are consistent with homogenization temperatures of fluId inclusions in quartz. Thus, the gold veins related to the Daebo igneous activity may be formed by the environment of higher temperature and pressure than the gold-silver veins associated with the Bulgugsa igneous activity.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제59권4호
• /
• pp.532-538
• /
• 2014

비소 함유 골재를 토양개량제로 사용하였을 경우 광미에 포함된 유효태 또는 광물로 존재하는 비소가 용출되어 식물생육에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 실험 한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 중세사에서 자갈크기의 유비철석 입자시료에서는 비소가 약 $95.28mg\;kg^{-1}$ 정도 함유된 있으나 밭토양 시료에서는 비소가 없는 것으로 조사되었다. 2. 상추 재배토양에 함유된 양을 기준으로 생물학적 이용가능 비소와 그리고 상추로 전이된 비소의 양의 비율을 비교한 결과 토양으로부터 생물학적 이용 가능 비소 형태로 전환된 비소의 비율은 최저 2.20%에서 최대 3.31%로 조사되었다. 3. 상대적 생물학적 이용가능 비소와 상추내 비소 지수는 정의 상관관계를 보이고 있는 반면 이의 비소 지수가 증가함에 따라 상추의 엽장, 엽폭, 엽수, 생체중과 건물중 모두 반비례로 감소하는 것으로 조사되었다. 4. 입자직경이 토양보다 큰 모래 또는 자갈크기의 비소를 포함한 자갈이 혼합량이 증가됨에 따라 식물가용수분 함량이 감소될 뿐만 아니라 상추가 자라는 동안 비소를 포함된 유비철석입자부터 비소가 토양내로 용존되어 작물체내로 전이기 증가되어 상추 엽장, 엽폭 엽수, 생체중, 그리고 건물중에 영향을 준 것으로 판단한다.

• 한국광물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국광물학회.대한자원환경지질학회.대한광업진흥공사 2002년도 추계 공동 심포지엄 논문집: 국내 자원의 현황과 전망
• /
• pp.119-136
• /
• 2002

Contrasts in the style of the gold-silver mineralization in geologic and tectonic settings in Korea, together with radiometric age data, reflect the genetically different nature of hydrothermal activities, coinciding with the emplacement age and depth of Mesozoic magmatic activities. It represents a clear distinction between the plutonic settings of the Jurassic Daebo orogeny and the subvolcanic environments of the Cretaceous Bulgugsa igneous activities. During the Daebo igneous activities (c.a. 200-150 (?) Ma) coincident with orogenic time, gold mineralization took place between c.a. 195 and 135 (127 ?) Ma. The Jurassic Au deposits commonly show several characteristics; prominent association with pegmatites, low Ag/hu ratios in the ore-concentrating parts, massive vein morphology and a distinctively simple mineralogy including Fe-rich sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, Au-rich electrum, pyrrhotite and/or pyrite. During the Bulgugsa igneous activities $(110\~50Ma)$, the precious-metal deposits are generally characterized by such features as complex vein morphology, medium to high AE/AU ratios in the ore concentrates, and diversity of ore minerals including base-metal sulfides, pyrite, arsenopyrite, Ag-rich electrum and native silver nth Ag sulfides, Ag-Sb-As sulfosalts and Ag tellurides. Vein morphology, mineralogical, fluid inclusion and stable isotope results indicate the diverse genetic natures of hydrothermal systems in Korea. The Jurassic Au-dominant deposits (orogenic type) were formed at the relatively high temperature $(about\;300^{\circ}\;to\;450^{\circ}C)$ and deep-crustal level $(4.0{\pm}1.5\;kb)$ from the hydrothermal fluids containing more amounts of magmatic waters $(\delta\;^{18}O_{H2O}\;5\~10\%_{\circ})$. It can. It can be explained by the dominant ore-depositing mechanisms as $CO_2$ boiling and sulfidation, suggestive of hypo- to mesothermal environments. In contrast, the Cretaceous Au-dominant $(l13\~68\;Ma),\;Au-Ag \;(108\~47\;Ma)$ and Ag-dominant $(103\~45\;Ma)$ deposits, which correspond to volcanic-plutonic-related type, occurred at relatively low temperature $(about\;200^{\circ}\;to\;350^{\circ}C)$ and shallow-crustal level $(1.0\{pm}0.5\;kb)$ from the ore-forming fluids containing more amounts of less-evolved meteoric waters$(\delta\;^{18}O_{H2O}\;-10\~5\%_{\circ})$. These characteristics of the Cretaceous precious-metal deposits can be attributed to the complexities in the ore-precipitating mechanisms (mixing, boiling, cooling), suggestive of epi- to mesothermal environments. Therefore, the differences of the emplacement depth between the Daebo and the Bulgugsa igneous activities directly influence the unique temporal and spatial association of the deposit styles.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제38권5호
• /
• pp.513-523
• /
• 2005

울산 달천광산의 지하수 및 토양 중에 함유되어 있는 비소의 오염현황을 파악하고, pH와 산화-환원 전위 값의 변화에 따른 자연저감 능력을 평가하였다. 달천광산 지역 비소 오염의 주 근원광물인 유비철석의 광미 내 함량은 최대 $2\%$이며, 비독사석, 니콜라이트, 램멜스버가이트, 거스도르파이트, 코발트석과 황철석 등의 비소함유광물 역시 비소오염의 근원이 되고 있으며, 비소함량은 광물에 따라 다양한 차이를 보인다 광미장 내 유비철석과 황철석의 표면이 부분적으로 철산화물과 철비산염으로 산화된 것을 관찰할 수 있어, 풍화반응이 상당히 진행되었음을 알 수 있다. 지하수 내 비소의 함량과 pH는 뚜렷한 상관관계를 보이지 않지만, 포화대 및 비포화대의 지하수의 비소 농도는 Eh가 감소함에 따라 농도가 감소하는 정(+)의 상관관계를 보인다. RMB(Red Mud Bauxite)는 비소제거 효율이 우수하여 달천광산 지역의 비소로 오염된 지하수 및 토양을 복원 시 자연저감 촉진제로 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국광물학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.87-101
• /
• 2018

만장광상은 옥천변성대 화전리층 내에 발달되었으며 열극충전형 동광체인 중앙 및 본광체와 철 스카른형 서부광체로 대분된다. 본 연구에서는 중앙 및 본광체에 대한 광상학적 연구를 수행하여 기존 서부광체 광화작용 특성과 비교하고자 한다. 중앙광체는 맥상조직이 두드러지며 자류철석과 황동석이 주를 이루는 반면, 본광체는 맥상, 괴상, 각력상 조직과 더불어 황철석, 유비철석, 황동석이 주로 산출된다. 이 밖에 섬아연석, 방연석, 자철석, 티탄철석, 금홍석, 석석, 철망간중석, 황석석 등이 수반된다. 스카른이 부분적으로 발달하며 석류석은 그로슐라 계열, 휘석은 헤덴버자이트 계열이 우세한 것으로 보아 대체로 환원환경에서 정출된 것으로 보인다. 중앙광체의 섬아연석-황석석과 본광체의 황철석-유비철석 광물공생군을 이용한 생성온도는 각각 $204-263^{\circ}C$, $383-415^{\circ}C$로서 중앙광체가 상대적으로 낮고, 황분압도 본광체에서 $10^{-6}-10^{-7}atm$로서 비교적 높고 중앙광체로 가면서 점차 감소한 것으로 보인다. 황화광물의 황동위원소조성은 중앙광체 4.6-7.9‰, 본광체 4.3-7.0‰로 상호 유사하며 주로 화성기원이지만 모암의 영향으로 약간 높게 나타난다. 광석광물의 종류와 조직 그리고 광화작용의 물리화학적 조건을 고려할 때 동광화작용이 발달한 본광체와 중앙광체는 잠두화성암에 대하여 각각 근지성과 원지성 광화작용의 특성을 나타낸 것으로 보이며, 스카른 철광상이 발달한 서부광체와는 서로 다른 열수계의 영향을 받아 생성된 것으로 여겨진다.

• 한국광물학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.137-147
• /
• 2018

본 연구 목적은 페널티원소가 포함된 정광을 질산용액으로 마이크로웨이브 용출하여 Bi와 As를 효과적으로 용출하고자 하였다. 정광시료에 대한 페널티원소와 유용금속들의 용출특성을 마이크로웨이브 용출시간, 질산농도 및 정광 첨가량에 대하여 조사하였다. 그 결과 페널티원소인 Bi와 As의 용출률은 마이크로웨이브 용출시간이 증가할수록, 질산농도가 증가할수록 그리고 정광 첨가량이 감소할수록 증가하였다. 정광과 광석광물을 마이크로웨이브 가열하자, Bi가 90% 이상 제거되었고, 황비철석은 자류철석-적철석으로 상변환 되었다. 고체-잔류물에 대하여 XRD분석한 결과, 단체 황과 anglesite가 나타났다. 단체 황과 anglesite의 XRD peak는 1분에서보다 12분에서, 0.5 M보다 4 M에서 그리고 5 g보다 30 g에서 intensity가 더 증가하였고 예리해졌다. 이와 같은 결과는 용출효율이 증가할수록 더 많은 단체 황과 anglesite가 생성되기 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 정광을 마이크로웨이브 가열하면 Bi와 As가 대기 중으로 손실되지만, 질산용액으로 마이크로웨이브 용출하면 Bi와 같은 유용금속이 용출되어 회수될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 대한자원환경지질학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한자원환경지질학회 2002년도 추계 공동 심포지엄 논문집
• /
• pp.119-136
• /
• 2002

Contrasts in the style of the gold-silver mineralization in geologic and tectonic settings in Korea, together with radiometric age data, reflect the genetically different nature of hydrothermal activities, coinciding with the emplacement age and depth of Mesozoic magmatic activities. It represents a clear distinction between the plutonic settings of the Jurassic Daebo orogeny and the subvolcanic environments of the Cretaceous Bulgugsa igneous activities. Dunng the Daebo igneous activities (c.a. 200～150 (\ulcorner) Ma) coincident with orogenic time, gold mineralization took place between c.a. 195 and 135 (127 \ulcorner) Ma. The Jurassic Au deposits commonly show several characteristics; prominent association with pegmatites, low Ag/Au ratios In the ore-concentrating parts, massive vein morphology and a distinctively simple mineralogy including Fe-rich sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, Au-rich electrum, pyrrhotite and/or pyrite. During the Bulgugsa igneous activities (110～50 Ma), the precious-metal deposits are generally characterized by such features as complex vein morphology, medium to high Ag/Au ratios in the ore concentrates, and diversity of ore minerals including base-metal sulfides, pyrite, arsenopyrite, Ag-rich eletrum and native silver with Ag sulfides, Ag-Sb-As sulfosalts and he tellurides. Vein morphology, mineralogical, fluid inclusion and stable isotope results indicate the diverse genetic natures of hydrothermal systems in Korea. The Jurassic Au-dominant deposits (orogenic type) were formed at the relatively high temperature (about 300$^{\circ}$ to 45$0^{\circ}C$) and deep-crustal level (4.0$\pm$1.5 kb) from the hydrothermal fluids containing more amounts of magmatic waters ($\delta$$^{18}$ $O_{H2O}$; 5～10$\textperthousand$). It can be explained by the dominant ore-depositing mechanisms as $CO_2$ boiling and sulfidation, suggestive of hypo- to mesothermal environments. In contrast, the Cretaceous Au-dominant (l13～68 Ma), Au-Ag (108～47 Ma) and AE-dominant (103～45 Ma) deposits, which correspond to volcanic-plutonic-related type, occurred at relatively low temperature (about 200$^{\circ}$ to 35$0^{\circ}C$) and shallow-crustal level (1.0$\pm$0.5 kb) from the ore-forming fluids containing more amounts of less-evolved meteonc waters ($\delta$$^{18}$ $O_{H2O}$;-10～5$\textperthousand$). These characteristics of the Cretaceous precious-metal deposits can be attributed to the complekities in the ore-precipitating mechanisms (mixing, boiling, cooling), suggestive of epi- to mesothermal environments. Therefore, the differences of the emplacement depth between the Daebo and the Bulgugsa igneous activities directly influence the unique temporal and spatial association of the deposit styles.les.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.104-116
• /
• 1980

The Ulsan mine is one of the largest contact metasomatic magnetite and scheelite deposits in the southeastern part of Korea. Mineralization at the Ulsan mine is localized along the contact between upper Cretaceous volcanic rocks and age unknown limestone which were intruded by 58 m.y. -old biotite-horndlende granite. General zonal sequence of skarn toward crystalline limestone from limestone-volcanics contact is grandite, grandite-salite and salite zones. On the otherhand volcanics origin skarns exhibits zonal sequences toward hornfels from boundary with limestone is garnet, garnet-epidote, and epidote zone. Compositions of garnets and clinopyro xenes are determined by the X-ray diffraction and reflective indecies. Local brecciation of these early skarns were followed by formation of the later skarn as zoned patches, breccia fillings and cross-cutting veins. Paragenetic sequence of late skarn minerals which is exhibited in the zoned patches and veins is an overlapping progression with time from andradite through hedenbergite or actinolite, quartz to calcite deposition. Magnetite metallization followed early formed skarns and pyrite pyrrhoite, sphalerite, galena, tennantite, scheelite and arsenopyrite deposition were simultaneously with hedenbergite, quartz and calcite of late skarn. Filling temperatures of fluid inclusions in calcites range from $160^{\circ}$ to $280^{\circ}C$.