• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.175-177
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• 2005

Effect of arsenite, arsenate and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) on the growth of seedling plants were investigated in order to compare the toxicity of arsenic species in soil environments. Test plants were mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus), wheat (Triticum aestivum), barely (Hordeum vulgare), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Seedling growth in As-contaminated soil were significantly reduced in all test species. Arsenite was more toxic than arsenate and DMA. Among the test plants, mung bean was most sensitive to arsenic, followed by cucumber, wheat, and barely.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.52-61
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• 2004

음이온 비소와 양이온 아연 및 니켈로 오염된 토양을 산세척으로 복원하기 위해서 토양세척 파일럿 장비를 이용해서 토양의 물성과 산세척 특성 및 미세토양과 용존 오염물의 발생 특성을 고찰하였다. 비소와 아연 및 니켈의 pH $2{\sim}3$에서 산세척시 황산과 인산은 공존 경쟁 음이온의 존재로 비소의 제거 효율을 높였고, 염산은 비소, 니켈, 아연을 동시에 효율적으로 제거하였다. 세척조에서 화학적 용출은 임계체류시간 이상에서 세척 효율이 일정해졌고, 산에 의한 용출 가능한 존재형태는 교환성 및 산화물 결합과 유기성 결합형태, 그리고 부분적으로 잔류형태였다. 오염 토양의 입도에 따른 과립의 토양입자의 토양세척 효율은 높지만, 미세입자($<74{\mu}m$)는 오염물질의 농집 현상이 일어나서 제거효율이 감소했다. 또한, $<149{\mu}m$ 이하의 미세토양을 물리적 입도 분리시 전체 세척효율이 향상되었다. 따라서, 미세토양의 양이 최소가 되고 화학적 용출이 최대가 되는 세척 효율 교차지점에서 화학적 용출과 미세토양의 분리가 토양세척의 증가된 효율을 보여 주었다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.389-398
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• 2022

비소 및 중금속으로 오염된 토양 내 함량과 농작물로 전이되는 함량 간의 관련성을 도출하기 위한 연구가 지속적으로 수행되고 있으나 두 함량 간의 낮은 상관성으로 인하여 명확한 결과가 도출되지 못하고 있다. 이 연구에서는 토양 내 비소 전함량과 단일용출 가용성 함량뿐만 아니라 토양의 물리·화학적 특성을 함께 고려하여 백미로 전이되는 비소 함량을 예측하는 통계학적 모델을 만들고자 하였다. 토양 특성 중 pH, 단일용출 가용성 함량, 유기물 함량에 따라 순차적으로 토양을 분류하며 회귀분석을 통한 예측 모델을 도출하였다. 80개의 백미 내 비소 함량과 토양 내 비소 전함량 및 Mehlich 가용성 함량 간의 상관계수는 각각 0.533과 0.493으로 낮았다. 그러나 토양을 pH, Mehlich 가용성 함량에 대한 전함량, 유기물 함량으로 순차적으로 분류하여 모델을 도출한 결과, ① pH가 6.5보다 높은 13개의 토양은 0.963, ② pH가 6.5 이하이고 As_Tot/As_Mehlich 비가 높은 15개의 토양은 0.849, ③ pH가 6.5 이하이고 As_Tot/As_Mehlich 비가 낮으며 8.5% 이하의 유기물을 함유한 30개의 토양은 0.935로 예측력이 크게 증가하였다. 이 연구에서 도출된 토양 분류에 따른 백미 전이 함량 예측 모델은 비소 오염 토양에 대해 신뢰성 있는 백미 재배 기준을 설정하는데 의미있는 방법론을 제안할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2018

The Boroo area in Mongolia is known to have been contaminated with heavy metals due to irregular gold mining activities and the release of mercury from gold extraction process. Soil and mine tailings were collected to analyze contamination patterns of heavy metals in the Boroo area. Analyses revealed that mercury, arsenic and cadmium concentrations exceeded the regulatory standard of the nation (Mongolia National Standard). In case of mercury, about 80% of the survey area was over the limit and the concentration distribution heavily influenced by influx of mercury through water transport. Soil contamination by arsenic was most severe that the concentration exceeded the regulatory limit in almost entire survey area, showing peak concentrations at nearby streams and river along with ore processing facilities. For cadmium, about 20% of the survey area was over the limit with the concentration distribution similar to that of arsenic.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.32-41
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• 2011

By using a newly developed Korean risk-based corrective action (K-RBCA) software (K-RBCA) and the RBCA Tool Kit, risk assessment was performed on a site that was contaminated with aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals. Eight chemicals including benzene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, naphthalene, benz(a) anthracene, benzo(b) fluoranthene, benzo(a) pyrene, and arsenic that exceeded the US EPA Soil Screening Level were chosen as the target pollutants. A conceptual site model was constructed based on the site-specific effective exposure pathways. According to the RBCA Tool Kit the carcinogenic risk of arsenic was larger than $10^{-6}$, which is the generally acceptable carcinogenic risk level. The K-RBCA estimated the same level of carcinogenic risk for arsenic. With the RBCA Tool Kit, the carcinogenic risk of benzo(a) pyrene was estimated to be about $1.3{\times}10^{-6}$. However, with the K-RBCA benzo(a) pyrene did not exhibit any risk. The inconsistency between the softwares was attributed to the different fundamental settings (i.e., medium division) between the two softwares. While the K-RBCA divides medium into surface soil, subsurface soil, and groundwater, the RBCA Tool Kit divides medium into only soil and groundwater. These differences lead to the different exposure pathways used by the two softwares. The K-RBCA considers the exposure pathways in surface soil and subsurface soil separately to estimate risk, however, the RBCA Tool Kit considers the surface soil and subsurface soil as one and uses the integrated exposure pathways to estimate risk. Thus the resulting risk is higher when the RBCA Tool Kit is used than when the K-RBCA is used. The results from this study show that there is no significant difference in the risks estimated by the two softwares, thus, it is reasonable to use the K-RBCA we developed in risk assessment of soil and groundwater. In addition, the present study demonstrates that the assessor should be familiar with the characteristics of a contaminated site and the assumptions used by a risk assessment software when carrying out risk assessment.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가시화정보학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.92-95
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• 2006

The global environment is deteriorating at an alarming rate despite of enhanced international environmental regulation. Many studies have been performed to reduce pollutants. Recently, phytoremediation, plant-based technology for the removal of toxic contaminants from soil, water, and air, has been receiving large attention. Arsenic-contaminated soil is one of the major pollutant sources fur drinking water. The fern brake (Pteris erotica) has been reported as a hyper-accumulate arsenic from soils. In this study, we investigated the arsenic absorption effect on sap flow inside xylem vessels of a fern brake. The synchrotron X-ray micro-imaging technique was employed to monitor flow inside the plant non-invasively. The captured phase-contrast X-ray images show both anatomy and transport of water inside the fern brake. The refilling process of water containing arsenic inside the xylem vessels of fern brake's leaves and stems was clearly observed. These results would provide important information needed fur understanding the mechanisms of accumulation, translocation, and transformation of toxic materials in plants.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2016

This study investigates effects of an aging period on arsenic (As) chemical forms in soils and phytotoxicity using artificially As-contaminated soils with a range of As concentrations (0-300 mg/kg) and aging periods (0 and 3 months). A sequential extraction procedure showed that the increasing As concentration in soils increased the ratio of non-specifically and specifically bound As, which are known to be bioavailable. This resulted in increasing As uptake by tomatoes with increasing As concentration (R²=0.87 for exponential fitting); however, the seed germination was not sensitive to the As concentrations of the soil samples. The seed germination was also statistically similar in the soils with 75 and 150 mg-As/kg regardless of the aging period. The time taken until the seed germination (i.e., lag phase), on the other hand, decreased from 10 d to 3 d with aging for 3 months. This can be attributed to the decreased amount of bioavailable As with aging. Overall, this study shows that when the toxic effects of the As-contaminated soils are assessed using tomato plants, it is better to use more sensitive methods than seed germination such as the As accumulation or the lag phase for seed germination.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.734-744
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 안정화공법을 이용하여 폐금속 광산 주변 비소 및 중금속 성분이 복합적으로 오염된 농경지를 효과적으로 복원하기 위해 안정화제로써 석회석과 제강슬래그의 처리효과와 적용성을 실내컬럼실험을 통해서 검토하였다. 대상토양 내 중금속의 존재형태 중 이동성이 높은 형태인 교환성 및 탄산염 형태의 분포비율은 여러 문헌들의 결과들과 유사하게 카드뮴 > 아연 > 납 순으로 높게 분포하는 것으로 나타나 광해로 인한 농경지의 오염성분들 중 카드뮴은 주변 환경에 미치는 영향이 가장 크며 상당한 주위가 필요한 성분인 것으로 판단되었다. 본 대상토양과 같이 pH가 매우 높은 토양도 갑작스럽게 변화하는 산성환경에 의해 일시적으로 토양의 pH 완충력이 감소하여 다량의 중금속 성분들이 용출될 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 반면 석회석과 제강슬래그로 처리한 처리구는 수질기준을 초과한 침출수 가 관찰되었던 대조구에 비해 모두 수질기준 이하로 중금속의 농도가 매우 낮게 나타났다. 비소의 경우는 비소 저감의 목적으로 적용한 제강슬래그의 혼합비가 증가할수록 오히려 농도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 제강슬래그가 함유하고 있는 인 성분과 관계가 있는 것으로 판단되었으며, 비소와인의 경쟁적인 흡착 관계에서 그 우세함이 토양의 특성에 따라 상이할 수 있을 것으로 예상되었다. 석회석은 카드뮴, 납 그리고 아연 등의 중금속 성분에 대해서 모두 좋은 처리효과를 나타내어 토양의 중금속 처리에 있어서 효과적인 안정화제로 판단되었다. 제강슬래그의 경우는 비소를 효과적으로 저감하는 물질인 철 산화물을 많이 함유하고 있기 때문에 비소 처리에 있어서 활용 가능성이 높은 재료로 판단되나 복원 대상토양 내에서 철 산화물과 서로 강하게 흡착하려고 하는 비소와 인의 흡착선호도를 먼저 평가한 후에 적용여부를 검토해야 하며, 이와 관련된 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2011

Cause of contamination in the study area nearby Jang Hang Refinery is dust scattering in refinery stack, and soil washing treatment is one of the proper technologies for soil remediation in this area. Site conditions frequently limit the selection of a treatment process. A treatment technology may be eliminated based on the soil classification or physicochemical characteristics of soil. This study was assessed the soil washing efficiency by conducting of soil characteristic analysis in the vicinity of Jang Hang Refinery Stack within a 2 km radius. Also, it was decided about remedial range with comparative analysis of As in soil by Korean Standard Test Method before/after revision, whereupon As concentration in soil showed a increasing tendency after revision. As a result, the soil washing using the size separation of soil was determined through identifying of As species in the soil. In this site, only particle size distribution and water content of soil can provide the initial means of screening for the potential use of soil washing.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
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• pp.914-919
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• 2008

This present was carried out to evaluate the adaptability of stabilization method which was used industrial byproducts as the stabilization agency in the abandoned mine site. In order to investigate stabilization effect on As-contaminated soils treated by industrial by-products, batch tests and column tests were carried out with As-contaminated soils collected from farmland around the abandoned mine site. ZVI(zero valent iron) and SRS(steel refining slag) was shown a good treatment effect. After the column test, sequential extraction test and simple bioavailability extraction test(SBET) were carried out to analysis of the soil, and scanning electron micrograph(SEM) analysis was carried out to compare the morphology and structure of ZVI and SRS before and after reacting with arsenic in the soil. As a result, ZVI and SRS were shown 93%, 62% reduction of As concentration respectively by comparison with untreated soils. Therefore, if ZVI and SRS are used as treatment materials in As-contaminated soils, it is expected that the As leaching from soils is reduced effectively.