• Toxicological Research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2002

Arsenic (As) is a ubiquitous element found in several forms in foods and water. Although certain foods, such as marine fish, contain substantial levels of organic arsenic forms, they are relatively low in toxicity compared to inorganic forms. in contrast, arsenic in drinking water is predominantly inorganic and highly toxic. Chronic ingestion of arsenic-contaminated drinking water is therefore the major pathway posing potential risk to human hearth. since the early 1990s in Bangladesh ozone, arsenic exposure has caused more than 7,000 deaths and uncounted thousands shout symptoms of long-term arsenic poisoning. Significant portion of world populations are exposed to low to moderate levels of arsenic of parts per billion (ppb) to hundreds of ppb. As a consequence, the World Health Organization (WHO) and U.S. environmental health agencies, such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) made arsenic their highest priority. Recently, the WHO, European Union (EU), and US. EPA lowered an acceptable level of 10 ppb for arsenic in drinking water In this article, various health effects of arsenic in drinking water were reviewed and the current status for risk assessment to regulate arsenic in drinking water was discussed.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.3.1-3.8
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in growth, hematological parameters, and plasma components of juvenile starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus, following exposure to varying arsenic concentrations present at different water temperatures. P. stellatus (total length, $15.9{\pm}0.4cm$; body weight, $62.2{\pm}4.2g$) were exposed for 4 weeks to waterborne arsenic (sodium arsenite, As) at 0, 150, 300, and $600{\mu}g/L$ at temperatures of $12^{\circ}C$ and $18^{\circ}C$. Toxic effects of As exposure on P. stellatus were higher at the higher temperature and the growth and hematological parameters measured decreased with increasing arsenic concentration, while the concentration of plasma components measured increased. This indicates that waterborne As exposure and water temperature can cause toxic effects on growth, hematological parameters, and plasma components in Platichthys stellatus.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: The objectives of this study are to investigate the contamination levels of heavy metals in soil, ground water, and agricultural product near the abandoned Boeun and Sanggok mine areas in Korea and to assess the health risk for these local residents exposed to the toxic heavy metals based on analytical data. METHODS AND RESULTS: By the results of human health risk assessment for local residents around Boeun and Sanggok, human exposure to cadmium, copper, arsenic from soil and to lead, cadmium, and arsenic from rice grain were higher in Sanggok, but human exposure to zinc and arsenic from ground water was higher in Boeun. By the results of hazard index (HI) evaluation for arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc, HI values in both areas were higher than 1.0. This result indicated that the toxicity hazard through the continuous exposure to lead, cadmium, arsenic from rice, ground water, and soil would be likely to occur to the residents in the areas. Cancer risk assessment for arsenic, risks from the rice were exposed to one to two out of 10,000 people in Boeun and one of 1,000 people in Sanggok. These results showed that the cancer risks of arsenic in both areas were 10~100 times greater than the acceptable cancer risk range of US EPA ($1{\times}10^{-6}{\sim}1{\times}10^{-5}$). CONCLUSION(S): Therefore, if these two local residents consume continuously with arsenic contaminated soil, ground water, and rice, the adverse health effects (carcinogenic potential) would be more increased.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2002년도 Current Trends in Toxicological Sciences
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• pp.106-106
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• 2002

Several epidemiological studies suggested that arsenic exposure was strongly correlated with the development of cardiovascular disease such as hypertension. In order to examine whether arsenic affects vasomotor tone in blood vessels, we investigated the effect of arsenic on agonist-induced vasorelaxation using the isolated rat aortic rings in in vitro organ bath system.(omitted)

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2002년도 Molecular and Cellular Response to Toxic Substances
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• pp.155-155
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• 2002

Several epidemiological studies have suggested that exposure to arsenic is strongly correlated with the development of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. To determine whether arsenic affects vasomotor tone in blood vessels, we investigated the effect of arsenic on vasorelaxation using isolated rat aortic rings in an organ bath system.(omitted)

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2002년도 Molecular and Cellular Response to Toxic Substances
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• pp.156-156
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• 2002

Chronic exposure of arsenic is well known to be the cause of cardiovascular disease such as hypertension. In order to investigate the effect of arsenic on blood vessels, we examined whether arsenic affected agonist-induced contraction of aortic rings in isolated organ bath system.(omitted)

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2004

Arsenic poisoning has three types of poisoning. First, acute arsenic poisoning is usually caused by oral intake of large amount of arsenic compound with purpose of homicide or suicide. Second, chronic arsenic poisoning is caused by inhalation of arsenic in the occupational setting or by long-term oral intake of arsenic-contaminated well water. Third, arsine poisoning occurs acutely when impurities of arsenic in non-ferrous metal react with acid. Clinical manifestation of acute arsenic poisoning is mainly gastrointestinal symptoms and cardiovascular collapse. Those of chronic poisoning are skin disorder and cancer. Arsine poisoning shows massive intravascular hemolysis and hemoglobinuria with acute renal failure. Exposure evaluation is done by analysis of arsenic in urine, blood, hair and nail. Species analysis of arsenic is very important to evaluate inorganic arsenic acid and mono methyl arsenic acid (MMA) separated from dimethyl arsenic acid (DMA) and trimethyl arsenic acid (TMA) which originate from sea weed and sea food. Treatment with dimercaprol (BAL) is effective in acute arsenic poisoning only.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2014

Objectives: The study examines the relation between urinary arsenic concentration and blood pressure, which is a risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Materials: In this study, the urinary arsenic concentration, history of diagnosed disease, and blood pressure of 782 local residents in Gwangyang, Yeosu, and Hadong regions from May 2007 to July 2007. Results: The urinary arsenic concentration of total participants was $9.06{\mu}g/g-ct$. The logistic regression analysis of medical diagnosed history and urinary arsenic concentration, showed statistically significance (p<0.05) of high urinary arsenic concentration in participants with diagnosed hypertension. In addition, diagnosed hypertension it was observed that the high blood pressure was related with the pulse pressure. Conclusions: The arsenic concentration level was low in this study, but the exposure to low levels of arsenic has an effect on hypertension. Also, hypertension is related to pulse pressure and mean arterial blood pressure as well as being risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, close supervision of low -level arsenic exposure is needed.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.655-666
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate urinary arsenic concentrations by arsenic species and to identify related factors among local residents near abandoned metal mines in Korea. Methods: Among the subjects of the Health Survey of Residents Near Abandoned Metal Mines for 2013-2017, 664 people were enrolled in this study. Urinary arsenic species analysis was performed using ICP/MS. Result: The geometric means (95% Confidence Interval) by urinary arsenic species were 0.15 (0.13-0.17) ㎍/L for AsIII, 0.64 (0.55-0.75) ㎍/L for AsV, and 1.21 (1.05-1.40) ㎍/L for inorganic arsenic. The geometric means of urinary MMA and DMA were 1.58 (1.35-1.86) ㎍/L and 77.93 (72.61-83.63) ㎍/L, respectively, and that of organic arsenic was 83.15 (77.80-88.88) ㎍/L. The concentration of inorganic arsenic in the group using groundwater as drinking water was 1.36 (1.13-1.64) ㎍/L, which was statistically significantly higher than the 1.00 (0.80-1.25) ㎍/L in the other drinking water groups. Regarding rice consumption, the concentration of inorganic arsenic in urine in the group whose consumption was more than half rice produced in the residential area was 1.32 ㎍/L, which was statistically significantly higher than that of the 1.12 ㎍/L for the group whose consumption was less than half. Conclusion: In the analysis of the factors affecting the urinary inorganic arsenic concentration of the residents of the abandoned metal mine area, the use of groundwater as drinking water and consumption of rice produced in the residential area were considered related factors.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2014

Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a toxic metalloid found ubiquitously in the environment. In humans, exposure to iAs can result in toxicity and cause toxicological manifestations. Arsenic trioxide ($As_2O_3$) has been used in the treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia. The kidney is the critical target organ of trivalent inorganic As ($iAs^{III}$) toxicity. We examine if oral administration of astaxanthin (AST) has protective effects on nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by $As_2O_3$ exposure (via intraperitoneal injection) in rats. Markers of renal function, histopathological changes, $Na^+-K^+$ ATPase, sulfydryl, oxidative stress, and As accumulation in kidneys were evaluated as indicators of $As_2O_3$ exposure. AST showed a significant protective effect against $As_2O_3$-induced nephrotoxicity. These results suggest that the mechanisms of action, by which AST reduces nephrotoxicity, may include antioxidant protection against oxidative injury and reduction of As accumulation. These findings might be of therapeutic benefit in humans or animals suffering from exposure to $iAs^{III}$ from natural sources or cancer therapy.