• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.1391-1393
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• 2008

In this paper, the long-term reliability for 1.25G transceiver in use of high speed optical access network is investigated. High temperature storage tests and accelerated life tests are used to long-term reliability. Accelerated aging test have been during 3,000 hour of the three accelerated aging conditions by caused high temperature stress. Mean life is assumed to follow the Arrhenius relationship and analysis from the failure data obtained in the accelerated aging conditions.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.68 no.1
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• pp.52-60
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• 2019

In this paper, four types of insulation coils were fabricated by adding various kinds of glycols to improve the flexibility and adhesion of insulating coils in varnish dispersed with PAI / Nano Silica_15wt%. The applied voltage and frequency were 1.5 kV / 20 kHz for accelerated life evaluation. Through the 6th temperature stress level, the cause of the insulation breakdown of the coil was ignored and only the breakdown time was measured. The Arrhenius model was chosen based on the theoretical relationship between chemical reaction rate and temperature for estimating the insulation life of the coil due to accelerated thermal stress. Three types of distributions (Weibull, Lognormal, Exponential) were selected as the relationship between thermal stress model and distribution. The average insulation lifetime was estimated under the temperature stress of four types of insulation coils through the relationship between one kind of model and three kinds of distributions.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2002

This paper discusses the accelerated heat aging tests were carried out to predict the useful life of EPDM isolating rubber components of ventilation fan motor for clean room. 20% compression set results changes as the threshold are used for assessment of the useful life and the time to threshold value were plotted against reciprocal of absolute temperature to give the Arrhenius plot. The useful life at variable temperatures and activation energy are obtained from the Arrhenius relationship. An accelerated test program to assess useful life can be represented an appreciable investment in time was designed. We also considered the effect of antioxidant agents.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.144-151
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• 2011

Intermittent CSR testing was used to investigate the degradation of a hydrogenated NBR(HNBR) O-rings, and also the prediction of its life-time. The cure system of HNBR O-ring was controlled as sulfur cure and peroxide cure system. An intermittent CSR jig was designed taking into consideration the O-ring's environment under use. The testing allowed observation of the effects of friction, heat loss, and stress relaxation by the Mullins effect. Degradation of O-rings by thermal aging was observed between 100 and $120^{\circ}C$. In the temperature range of $100-120^{\circ}C$, O-rings showed linear degradation behavior and satisfied the Arrhenius relationship. The activation energy of HNBR-S was about 70.6 kJ/mol. From Arrhenius plots, predicted life-times of HNBR-S O-ring were 31.1 years and 33.7 years for 50% and 40% failure conditions, respectively. In case of HNBR-P, the activation energy was about 72.1kJ/mol, and predicted life-times were 34.0 years and 36.5 years for 50% and 40% failure conditions, respectively. The peroxide cure system showed slower degradation rate and higher activation energy than the sulfur cure system.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.351-358
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• 2019

To evaluate the aging of a rubber pad in power window switch which is the part of a vehicle, the accelerated thermal aging test of rubber pad material is performed. Finite element analysis was performed using the nonlinear material constants of the rubber pad to calculate the operating force, and the Arrhenius relationship was derived from the aging temperature and time. The aging test was performed at 150, 180, 210, or 240 ℃ for 1 to 60 days. When the operating force of the rubber pad is changed by 10% from the initial value, the service life is expected to be 113 years, which is much longer than the life of the vehicle. This indicates that the aging life of the rubber pad is sufficiently safe and the operating force of the rubber pad during the life of the vehicle (20 years) was decreased by approximately 8.4%. By examining the correlation between the shear elastic modulus and operating force calculated from finite element analysis under each aging test condition, the changes in the operating force of the rubber pad and the shear elastic modulus showed good linear relationship. The aging life could be predicted by the change in shear elastic modulus and a process for predicting the aging life of automotive power window switch rubber pad parts is described herein.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.381-385
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• 2006

The temperature dependence on the electron transfer rate constant $(k_{app})$ for hydroquinone redox center in $H_2Q(CH_2)_n$SH-SAMs (n = 1, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12) on gold electrode was investigated to obtain reorganization energy $(\lambda)$ using Laviron’s formalism and Arrhenius plot of ln $[k_{app}/T^{1/2}]$ vs. T^{-1} based on the Marcus densityof-states model. All the symmetry factors measured for the SAMs were relatively close to unity and rarely varied to temperature change as expected. The electron tunneling constant $(\beta)$ determined from the dependence of the $k_{app}$ on the distance between the redox center and the electrode surface gives almost the same $\beta$ values which are quite insensitive to temperature change. Good linear relationship of Arrhenius plot for all $H_2Q(CH_2)_n$SH-SAMs on gold electrode was obtained in the temperature range from 273 to 328 K. The slopes n Arrhenius plot deduced that $\lambda$ of hydroquinone moiety is ca. 1.3-1.4 eV irrespectively of alkyl chain length of the electroactive SAM.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 2005

Material characteristics and lifetime evaluation are very important in design procedure to assure the safety and reliability of the rubber components. In this paper, the material test and accelerated heat aging test were carried out to predict the useful life of NBR and EPDM rubber mount for a compression motor which is used in a refrigerator. In order to investigate the effects of heat-aging on the material properties, crosslink density, modulus at 100% strain, stress-strain curves were obtained from uniaxial and equi-biaxial tensile tests. The change of compression set were used for assessment of the useful life and the time to threshold value were plotted against the reciprocal of absolute temperature to give the Arrhenius plot. The useful life at variable temperatures are obtained in the Arrhenius relationship.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.131-136
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• 2011

A kinetic study has been made for the growth of nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) particles to a continuous thin film on silicon substrate in a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition reactor. Parameters of deposition have been microwave power of 1.2 kW, the chamber pressure of 110 Torr, and the Ar/$CH_4$ ratio of 200/2 sccm. The deposition has been carried out at temperatures in the range of $400\sim700^{\circ}C$ for the times of 0.5~16 h. It has been revealed that a continuous diamond film evolves from the growth and coalescence of diamond crystallites (or particles), which have been heterogeneously nucleated at the previously scratched sites. The diamond particles grow following an $h^2$ = k't relationship, where h is the height of particles, k' is the particle growth rate constant, and t is the deposition time. The k' values at the different deposition temperatures satisfy an Arrhenius equation with the apparent activation energy of 4.37 kcal/mol or 0.19 eV/ atom. The rate limiting step should be the diffusion of carbon species over the Si substrate surface. The growth of diamond film thickness (H) shows an H = kt relationship with deposition time, t. The film growth rate constant, k, values at the different deposition temperatures show another Arrhenius-type expression with the apparent activation energy of 3.89 kcal/mol or 0.17 eV/atom. In this case, the rate limiting step might be the incorporation reaction of carbon species from the plasma on the film surface.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.659-666
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• 2017

Based on the Arrhenius equations, several hydration exothermic models that precisely calculate the influence of concrete's self-temperature duration on its hydration exothermic rate have been presented. However, the models' convergence is difficult to achieve when applied to engineering projects, especially when the activation energy of the Arrhenius equation is precisely considered. Thus, the models' convergence performance should be improved. To solve this problem and apply the model to engineering projects, the relationship between fast iteration and proper expression forms of the adiabatic temperature rise, the coupling relationship between the pipe-cooling and hydration exothermic models, and the influence of concrete's self-temperature duration on its mechanical properties were studied. Based on these results, the rapid convergence of the hydration exothermic model and its coupling with pipe-cooling models were achieved. The calculation results for a particular engineering project show that the improved concrete hydration exothermic model and the corresponding mechanical model can be suitably applied to engineering projects.

• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.67-78
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• 2012

An electric double-layer capacitor(EDLC) is an electrochemical capacitor with relatively high energy density, typically hundreds of times greater than conventional electrolytic capacitors. EDLCs are widely used for energy storage rather than as general-purpose circuit components. They have a variety of commercial applications, notably in energy smoothing and momentary-load devices, and energy-storage and kinetic energy recovery system devices used in vehicles, etc. This paper presents an accelerated degradation test of an EDLC with rated voltage 2.7V, capacitance 100F, and usage temperature $-40^{\circ}C{\sim}65^{\circ}C$. The EDLCs are tested at $50^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$, and $70^{\circ}C$, respectively for 1,750hours, and their capacitances are measured at predetermined times by constant current discharge method. The failure times are predicted from their capacitance deterioration patterns, where the failure is defined as 30% capacitance decrease from the initial one. It is assumed that the lifetime distribution of EDLC follows Weibull and Arrhenius life-stress relationship holds. The life-stress relationship, acceleration factor, and $B_{10}$ life at design condition are estimated by analyzing the accelerated life test data.