• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.774-780
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• 2004

Although traumatic thoracic aortic rupture is potentially a fatal condition requiring surgical attention, the presence of concomitant injury involving other parts of the body may greatly increase the risk of cardio-pulmonary bypass. We report our experience of treating associated injuries prior to the thoracic aortic rupture in these patients. Material and Method: From 1997 to 2003, the medical records of 24 traumatic aortic rupture patients were retrospectively reviewed and checked for the presence of associated injury, surgical method, postoperative course, and complications. Surgical technique comprised thoracotomy with proximal anastomosis under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest followed by side arm perfusion to reestablish cerebral circulation. CSF drainage was performed to prevent lower extremity paraplegia. Result： Major concomitant injuries (n=83) were noted in all of the reviewed patients, Of these, there were 49 thoracic injuries, 18 musculoskeletal injuries, and 13 abdominal injuries, Operations for associated injuries (n=16) were performed in 12 patients on mean 7.6$\pm$12.6 days following the injury. The diagnosis of aortic rupture at the time of injury was detected in only 18 patients. Delayed surgery of the thoracic aorta was performed on average 695$\pm$1350 days after injury and there were no deaths or progression of rupture in any of these patients during the observation period. There were no operative deaths and no major postoperative complications. Conclusion: Treating concomitant major injuries prior to the aortic injury in traumatic aortic rupture may reduce surgical mortality and morbidity.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.241-248
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• 2003

Sodium salicylate, a plant stress hormone that plays an important role(s) in defenses against pathogenic microbial and herbivore attack, has been shown to induce a variety of cell responses such as anti-inflammation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in animal cells. p38MAPK plays a critical role(s) in the cell regulation by sodium salicylate. However, the signal pathway for sodium salicylate-induced p38MAPK activation is yet unclear. In this study, we show that although sodium salicylate enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a general ROS scavenger, did not prevent sodium salicylate-induced p38MAPK, indicating ROS-independent activation of p38MAPK by sodium salicylate. Sodium salicylate-activated p38MAPK appeared to be very rapidly down-regulated 2 min after removal of sodium salicylate. Interestingly, sodium salicylate-pretreated cells remained fully responsive to re-induction of p38MAPK activity by a second sodium salicylate stimulation or by other stresses, $H_2O$$_2$ and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), thereby indicating that sodium salicylate does not exhibit both homologous and heterologous desensitization. In contrast, pre-exposure to MeJA, $H_2O$$_2$, heat shock, or hyperosmotic stress reduced the responsiveness to subsequent homologous stimulation. Sodium salicylate was able to activate p38MAPK in cells desensitized by other heterologous p38MAPK activators. These results indicate that there is a sensing mechanism highly specific to sodium salicylate for activation of p38MAPK, distinct trom pathways used by other stressors such as MeJA, $H_2O$$_2$ heat shock, and hyperosmotic stress.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.892-900
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• 2010

Objectives : To save the lives of patients with cardiac arrests, CPR must be performed rapidly and precisely. Regarding its critical necessity, there is a growing tendency to encourage whomever witnesses the cardiac arrest to perform basic CPR. However, the attitude toward basic CPR nor its current state of education in Korean Oriental Medical arena, which is one of the dual axes unique to Korean medical system, are not known. This is a kind of pilot study to research attitudes toward and the educative effect of basic CPR among oriental medical doctors in Korea. Methods : We carried out surveys and tests targeting nineteen apprentice doctors working in Dongguk University Ilsan Oriental Hospital, who were receiving training for 'AHA BLS course for healthcare providers', on the attitude toward and educative effect of basic CPR before and after the education. Results : The pre-educational survey showed that most of the participants felt the necessity to be trained in the BLS course, were not confident about performing CPR, and not well-acquainted with the whole process of performing CPR. After education, however, none of them responded with a lack of confidence to perform basic CPR, and the score of the confidence to perform basic CPR was significantly increased, too (from $2.05{\pm}0.71$ to $4.05{\pm}0.40$, n=19, p<0.001). Moreover, all of them answered they were satisfied with this BLS course, and it aroused their sense of responsibility as oriental medical doctors. All the participants passed the exam, and their average score for BLS scheme performance was $28.2{\pm}1.3$. Conclusions : It is necessary, in the future, to set up a management system for intensive, regular and continuous reeducation and expand the research on the perception and attitude targeting larger numbers and more multilevel groups of oriental medical doctors.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.861-866
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• 1996

Surgical angioplasty of isolated stenosis of the left main coronary artery(LMCA) restores a more physiologic flow to the myocardium, allows percutdneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of distal coronary stenoses at a later stage, and is a less time consuming and convenient procedure than the conventional coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) . Between Jul. 1994 and Dec. 1995, 7 surgical angioplasty had been performed. LMCA stenoses involved ostium in 2 patients, middle third in 3, and dis- tal third in 2. In 2 patients, the origin of left anterior descending coronary artery was involved in conjunction with LMCA. T e additional coronary artery stenoses were found in 2 cases. One patient was emergently operated after coronary angiography following his cardiac arrest. LMCA was approached anteriorly in all patients. The pulmonary artery was transected in 3 patients for a better exposure. The onlay patch consisted or autologous or bovine pericardium. There was no postoperative myocardial infarction or mortality. Left ventricular functions were well preserved in all patients. Postoperative coronary angiography revealed widely patent LMCA in 5 cases, and mild narrowing of distal anastomotic sites in 2 cases. Provided that well defined indications are followed correctly, surgical angioplasty can be a safe alternative to conventional CABG.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 1997

Using isolated rat heart preparations, we observed the protective effe ts of verapamil cardioplegia on ischemic myocardial injury. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to global ischemia at $25^{\circ}C$ Twenty four isolated Sprague Dawley rat hearts underwent 30 minutes of the retrograde nonworking perfusion with Krebs-Henseleit buffer solution followed by $25^{\circ}C$ cardioplegic solution (St. Thomas'Hospital Cardioplegic Solution) for 60 minutes. Before ischemic arrest, rat hearts were treated with cold cardioplegic solution in control group (n=12) and cold cardioplegic solution with verapamil (1 mg/L) in experimental group (n=12). After 60 minutes of ischemia, hemodynamic and biochemical parameters such as heart rate, left ventricular pressure (LVP), + dp/dt max, coronary flow and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) were measured before giving cardioplegia and 30 minutes after reperfusion. Verapamil group exhibited greater recovery of heart rate, LVP, +dpldt max, coronary flow and CPK than control group (p < 0.05).

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1987

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) was known to play a key role in the regulation of cumulus expansion and oocyte maturation of mammalian cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC's) in vivo and in vitro. The present experiments were conducted to know how intracellular level of cAMP in these cells is controlled. Intracellular cAMP level was modulated by culturing mouse CGC's with an adenylate cyclase stimulator, forskolin, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 3-isobutyl-1-methyixanthine (IBMX), human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), or follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). The rate of cumulus expansion and germinal vesicle break-down (GVBD) was checked after culture and used as a biological end point. Forskolin in the medium began to stimulate the expansion of the complexes at 1 nM and induced maximum expansion (80~90%) at 0 1~10 $\mu$M. The expansion rate was reduced to 60% when forskolin concentration was increased to 100 $\mu$M. Oocyte GVBD occurred normally (75~82%) in the presence of 10 $\mu$M of forskolin, but partial suppression was appeared at 100 pM of the drug (40%). IBMX also stimulated the expansion from the concentration of 0.01 pM and induced full expansion (81~89%) between the concentration of 1-1000 $\mu$M. Meiotic resumption was occurred normally under 10 $\mu$M of IBMX, but suppressed drastically from the concentration of 100 $\mu$M. The minimum exposing time to hormone or drugs required to trigger cumulus expansion was two minutes with HCG, 15~30 minutes with FSH and fors kolin, and two hours with IBMX. The data presented here seemed to imply that intracellular cAMP level in cumulus cells is regulated by both adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase and cumulus expansion is induced by a peak of cAMP while meiotic arrest is maintained by continuous presence of cAMP.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.207-212
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• 2013

Objective : Recent studies have shown encouraging progress toward the use of autogenic and allogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to arrest, or even lead to partial regeneration in, intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. However, this technology is still in its infancy, and further development is required. The aim of this study was to analyze whether rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC) can differentiate towards IVD-like cells after treatment with transforming growth factor ${\beta}3$ (TGF-${\beta}3$) in vitro. We also performed quantitative analysis of gene expression for ADMSC only, ADMSCs treated with TGF-${\beta}3$, and co-cultured ADMSCs treated with TGF-${\beta}3$. Methods : ADMSCs were sub-cultured to homogeneity and used in fluorocytometry assays for CD11, CD45, and CD90/Thy1. ADMSCs were differentiated in spheroid culture towards the chondrogenic lineage by the presence of TGF-${\beta}3$, dexamethasone, and ascorbate. We also co-cultured pure ADMSCs and nucleus pulposus cells in 24-well plates, and performed immunohistochemical staining, western blotting, and RT-PCR for quantitative analysis of gene expression. Results : Results of fluorocytometry were positive for CD90/Thy1 and negative for CD11 and CD45. TGF-${\beta}3$-mediated induction of ADMSCs led to the expression of the differentiation markers of intervertebral disc-like cells, such as aggrecan, collagen II, and sox-9. Co-cultured ADMSCs treated with TGF-${\beta}3$ showed higher expression of differentiation markers and greater extracellular matrix production compared with ADMSCs treated with TGF-${\beta}3$ alone. Conclusion : ADMSC treated with TGF-${\beta}3$ may be an attractive source for regeneration therapy in degenerative IVD. These findings may also help elucidate the pathologic mechanism of MSC therapy in the degeneration of IVD in vivo.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.44-55
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• 2019

This study was undertaken to examine changes in the performance of nurses before and after initial cardiac arrest, and compare the performance, confidence, and satisfaction between two groups: group 1, Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice simulation method; group 2, traditional simulation method. The participants were 122 nurses (group 1: 62, group 2: 60). Data were collected from March 18 to 29, 2019 and analyzed using the SPSS Version 23.0 program, by applying descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact test, t-test, Wilcoxon sign rank test, and Mann-Whitney U-test. Comparing the educational effects of the traditional simulation training vs. RCDP simulation training, some items of performance were significantly different (z=-2.02, p=0.044 / z=-2.42, p=0.015 / z=-3.03, p=0.002), but no difference was observed in the levels of confidence (z=0.388, p=0.699) and satisfaction (t=0.72, p=0.476) between the two groups. This study confirms that both training methods are effective teaching modules for enhancing the nurse's ability to perform resuscitation with confidence. Hence, we suggest applying the appropriate simulation method, according to the subjects included during education, and contents in the training of Advanced Life Support for nurses. Effectiveness of the modules can be ascertained by applying the RCDP simulation training method in various fields.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.117-131
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• 2014

This study aims to explore the reexperience of trauma caused by experience of discrimination and stigma from South Korean. For this purpose of this study, focus group interview methods are used. The participants are five women who escaped from North Korea and they were from 20s to 50s. From the outcomes of this study, I find out that they had experienced to put in prison, to let arrest to let human traffic, and sexual or physical assault. Now they have PTSD(Post Trauma Stress Symptom) of nightmare related with past trauma, avoidance of interpersonal relationships and similar situations, and retrospection and memorization of negative experiences. In that situation, they also have experienced discrimination caused by lack of understanding of their suffering in South Korea. And almost of them suffer from poor situation economically and physically. Participants regret their entry to South Korea and perceive that their hope has gone. And they have anger of Korean's discrimination and stigma and they feel suicide impulse after experiencing very difficult situation. These negative experiences affect their PTSD and make reemergence of trauma experience. In conclusion, the outcomes of this study are discussed and I proposed the practical suggestions which have affected decreasing the PTSD.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.13
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• pp.259-277
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• 2007

The results of realities of the Taekwondo training in Korea National Police University, Police Comprehensive Academy, National Central Police Academy, and police stations and of realities of the Taekwondo blackbelt holders are as below. 1. The Taekwondo training time of Korea National Police University is 4 hours per week for freshmen and 2 hours per week for sophomores, juniors, and seniors. 2. The Taekwondo training of Police Comprehensive Academy is basis for police lieutenants and sergeants. time for Taekwondo training is not allotted in the education course but only allotted as a liberal everyday exercise. In the chivalry master course, 71% of the course composes of basic policeman and on-site arrest techniques and pliceman chilvary such as Taekwondo, and judo. The cadets must select one item among the policeman chivalry and take Taekwondo training for 150 hours during 52 weeks acquire the first grade to be appointed as lieutenant simultaneously with the graduation. 3. The Taekwondo training for newly appointed policemen of National Central Police Academy is 104 hours of arresting criminals and self-protection. 4. In the Taekwondo training in the police stations, when a master completes more than two times of training per month, he receives the first grade by examination and be promoted by one grade each. 5. The policemen with Taekwondo black belt are more than 2.6 times of judo, 4.6 times of fencing, 5.9 times of hapgido.