• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.14 no.2 s.42
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• pp.98-104
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• 2005

Pannier-arrangement condensers are usually adopted in the turbine generator units of combined cycle power plants. Optimization of operating performance and economy is an important goal, which requires accurate understanding of flow and heat transfer effects in the condenser. The tube bundle arrangement and steam flow behaviors of pannier-arrangement condensers are very different from those of common condensers. The physical model for existing numerical simulation program of condenser is refined by constructing the correlations for flow resistance and condensation heat exchange coefficient in which the influences of steam flow direction are considered according to available experimental data. The adaptability of the developed physical model and simulation program of pannier-arrangement condenser is verified with available experimental data.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.109-116
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• 2004

Through analysing the influence of steam flow direction on the liquid formation and motion behavior in the condenser shell side, the physical model for existing numerical simulation program of condenser is improved by introducing the correlations for flow resistance and condensation heat exchange coefficient in which the influences of steam flow direction are considered according to the available experimental data. Thus a more suitable and general condenser simulation approach is presented and a new condenser calculation program is developed. With the experimental data of a pannier- arrangement experimental condenser, the adaptability of the new condenser simulation approach is verified. General characteristics of this type of condenser are also revealed.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.586-594
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• 2003

The performance of the condenser installed in the air-conditioning plant room of a high-rise building was studied numerically. The effect of the draft direction on the performance of an air-conditioner was analyzed. The on-coil temperature of the condenser was investigated by varying the arrangement and location o( the condenser in the air-conditioning plant room. The performance of an air-conditioner was also evaluated by using COP (coefficient of performance) and CGPI (condenser group performance indicator). The condenser in an air-conditioning plant room should be arranged in such a manner that the fan of the condenser is facing the outside of the building to exhaust the hot air directly, The model by which the condenser is located at the lower-left end of an air-conditioning plant room can prevent the hot air from reentering, and allow indrafting of fresh air. When the direction of draft is to the frontal face of the building, the performance of the condenser above 30th floor is degraded.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.6
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• pp.104-112
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• 1998

Ammonia has been used as refrigerant for more than 100 years in absorption as well as in compression systems. Due to its poisonous and inflammable properties, however, its use has been mainly on heavy industrial plants in which regular maintenance is available. For these systems, condensers are generally water∼cooled. This is suitable for large systems over 20RT but is not suitable for small systems. In order to apply ammonia for a small system, it is important to adopt an air-cooled condenser. In this study, simple numerical analysis of an air-cooled condenser for an ammonia refrigeration system has been carried out. The condenser is designed as horizontal tubes with plate fins attached at the outer surface to enhance the air-side heat transfer rate. Effect of fin shape and arrangement are studied in detail. Since the local heat transfer coefficient is highest at the leading edge, heat flux is highest at the edge and decreases along the distance. Conditions of inlet air are also varied in the study and condenser length that is required for full condensation is calculated. The results show that it is important to enhance both the air-side and internal heat transfer coefficients.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.292-299
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• 1997

Ammonia has been used as refrigerant for more than 100 years in absorption as well as in compression systems. Due to its poisonous and inflammable properties, however, its use has been mainly on heavy industrial plants in which regular maintenance are available. For these systems, condensers are generally water-cooled. This is suitable for large systems over 20 RT but is not suitable for small systems. In order to apply ammonia for a small system, it is important to adopt an air-cooled condenser. In this study, simple numerical analysis of an air-cooled condenser for an ammonia refrigeration system has been carried out. The condenser is designed as horizontal tubes with plate fins attached at the outer surface to enhance the air-side heat transfer rate. Effects of fin shape and arrangement are studied in detail. Since the local heat transfer coefficient is highest at the leading edge, heat flux is highest at the edge and decreases along the distance. Conditions of inlet air are also varied in the study and condenser length that is required for full condensation is calculated. The results show that it is important to enhance both the air-side and internal heat transfer coefficients.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.81-91
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• 2013

A novel design process of a parallel multi-flow type air-cooled condenser of a dual-loop waste heat recovery system with Rankine steam cycles for improving the fuel efficiency of gasoline automobiles has been investigated focusing on reduction of the pressure drop inside the micro-tubes. The low temperature condenser plays a role to dissipate heat from the system by condensing the low temperature loop working fluid sufficiently. However, the refrigerant has low evaporation temperature enough to recover the waste from engine coolant of about $100^{\circ}C$ but has small saturation enthalpy so that excessive mass flow rate of the LT working fluid, e.g., over 150 g/s, causes enormously large pressure drop of the working fluid to maintain the heat dissipation performance of more than 20 kW. This paper has dealt with the scheme to design the low temperature condenser that has reduced pressure drop while ensuring the required thermal performance. The number of pass, the arrangement of the tubes of each pass, and the positions of the inlet and outlet ports on the header are most critical parameters affecting the flow uniformity through all the tubes of the condenser. For the purpose of the performance predictions and the parametric study for the LT condenser, we have developed a 1-dimensional user-friendly performance prediction program that calculates feasibly the phase change of the working fluid in the tubes. An example is presented through the proposed design process and compared with an experiment.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.128-140
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• 1997

A new super compact condenser(SCC), which has been developed recently is especially suitable for an alternative refrigerant HFC-134a due to its high performance and compactness. The SCC is composed of two pipe headers, baffles, narrow multi-rectangular channels, and louvered fin arrays. Alternating inlet and outlet by the inserted baffles in pipe headers guide refrigerant to and from the narrow multi-rectangular channels. Since the flow rate and its lengh are changed depending on the number and location of baffles, the corresponding pressure drop and heat transfer rate are changed. The present study aims to theoretically and experimentally investigate the effects of baffle location and its number on the pressure drop and thermal performance of the SCC with 40 multi-rectangular channels. The results show that the present method provides an acceptable prediction of pressure drop and heat transfer rate for a 4 pass SCC. However, the model significantly under predicts the performance of a 3 pass SCC, which may be attributed to the phase separation of refrigerant flowing through header pipes. Pressure drop is more signifi- cantly influenced than heat transfer rate by the baffle location.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.03b
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• pp.345-348
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• 2008

The computer-aided performance simulation can reduce periods for development of products and cut down on the cost comparing with former trial-and-error procedures. This study has developed a simulation program for a vehicle thermal management system integrating an engine cooling system and an air conditioning system considering interactions and arrangement of air side heat exchangers such as power steering oil cooler, air-cooled transmission oil cooler, condenser, and radiator. The program may be also used for the system performance analysis according to the configuration of the engine coolant side heat exchangers such as water-cooled transmission oil cooler, EGR cooler, and heater core. Experiments utilizing an environmental wind tunnel has been conducted to assess the performance of the system according to the arrangement of air side heat exchangers. Some modification of the coolant loop layout can enhance the heat core performance up to 7% according to the results of the simulations.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.92-99
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• 2018

A numerical analysis of a compressor dehumidifier has been conducted focusing on the air side heat transfer, which is a part of a series research on the dehumidifier. The moving reference frame was applied to the fan modeling, and the porous model was used for the evaporator and condenser modeling. Curve fitting obtained the inertial and viscous resistances parameters to the results of the physical model of the unit cell with actual shape of a fin tube. The porous model was validated within a reasonable computation time for the range of practical inlet velocity of a dehumidifier. A parametric study has been conducted for fin number, fan speed (i.e., air flow rate), and evaporator/condenser tube arrangement. ANOVA analysis showed the dependency of each parameter on the velocity and temperature uniformity, which are desirable for high performance of the dehumidifier.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.91-98
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• 2013

In this study, we have carried out development and performance evaluation of optimized MEMS(Multi-Effect-Multi-Stage) fresh water generator with $7m^2/day$ for solar thermal desalination system. The developed MEMS was composed of high temperature part and low temperature part. This arrangement has the advantage of increasing the availability of solar thermal energy. The MEMS consists of 2 steam generators, 5 evaporators, and 1 condenser. Tubes of heat exchanger used for steam generators, evaporators and condenser were manufactured by corrugated tubes. The performance of the MEMS was tested through in-door experiments, using an electric heater as heat source. The experimental conditions for each parameters were $20^{\circ}C$ for sea water inlet temperature to condenser, $8.16m^2$ /hour sea water inlet volume flow rate, $70^{\circ}C$ for hot water inlet temperature to generator of high temperature part, 3.6 4.8, 6.0 $m^2/hour$ for hot water inlet volume flow rate. As a result, The developed MEMS was required about 85 kW heating source to produce $7m^2/day$ of fresh water. It was analyzed that the performance ratio of MEMS was about 2.6.