• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2015

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of shoulder external rotation on muscle activities of the scapular upward rotators during arm elevation. METHODS: Nineteen healthy subjects with no medical history of shoulder pain or upper extremity disorders were recruited for this study. Electromyography (EMG) was used to measure the muscle activities of the serratus anterior (SA), upper trapezius (UP), lower trapezius (LT) and infraspinatus (IS) muscles during arm elevation. The EMG activities were recorded while the subjects performed $90^{\circ}$ arm elevation with three different arm positions; palm down (PD), neutral position (NP), and palm up (PU). While seated in a chair, the subject was asked to raise the upper extremity in the sagittal plane in random order. Subjects performed $90^{\circ}$ arm elevations in three trials at each arm position. The mean EMG activity normalized by the maximal voluntary isometric contraction was analyzed across three arm positions. Repeated measures one-way ANOVA and the post hoc Bonferroni tests were used to determine the differences in muscle activities among the three arm positions. RESULTS: The EMG activities of the SA and IS were significantly greater in the PU condition than in the other conditions during arm elevation. No significant difference was noted between the NP and PD conditions during arm elevation. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that shoulder external rotation (palm up position) can be used to activate the SA. Therefore, we recommend a scapular protraction exercise in the palm up position for strengthening the SA.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.65-68
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• 2006

Muscular involvement in Behcet's disease is rare manifestation in spite of basic characteristic that is vasculitis can invade multi-organ of the entire body. A few cases has been announced involving the lower extremities, the arm and generalized weakness. Like our case, myositis involving the masticatory muscles with clinically diagnosed Behcet's disease was presented with the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the clinical findings, which is, not yet documented in the literature.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This study investigated the neurophysiological and behavioral adaptation during one or both hands movement in chronic stroke patients. METHODS: The study included sixteen hemiplegic stroke patients. Neurophysiological data (brain activation and muscle activation) were examined by electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG), and behavioral adaptation was examined by wrist extension angle during wrist extension with one hand or both hands. Outcome variables of one hand or both hands were; mu rhythm of the EEG, EMG amplitude of wrist extensor and flexor muscles, and wrist angle of Myomotion 3D motion analysis. RESULTS: Our results revealed that wrist extension angle was significant increased during both hands movement compared to one hand movement (p<.05). Furthermore, in affected sensorimotor area, there was significant increase in the brain activation during both hands movement compared to one hand movement (p<.05). However, there was no significant different between one hand and both hands movement in muscle activation (p>.05). CONCLUSION: According to the findings of this experiment, bilateral arm movement improved brain activity on affected sensorimotor area and wrist extension angle. Therefore, we suggest that bilateral arm movement would positive effect on stroke rehabilitation in terms of increase in brain activation on affected motor area and wrist extension during bilateral arm movement.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the activity of trunk muscles according to width of the foot and posture of the arm during sit to stand (STS). METHODS: Thirty subjects were recruited and examined for variation in muscle activity of the erector spine, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and external oblique during different STS conditions; namely, the cross arm basic sit to stand (CBSTS), overhead basic sit to stand (OBSTS), cross arm wide sit to stand (CWSTS), and overhead wide sit to stand (OWSTS). Repeated measures ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) was used for analysis. RESULTS: Erector spinae muscle activity showed a significant increase in the OBSTS condition (p<.05) and external oblique muscle activity showed a significant increase in the OWSTS condition ((p<.05). There was no significant difference in the activity of the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius under any conditions (p>.05). CONCLUSION: During evaluation of the performance of the STS, the CWSTS condition will be useful to decrease the muscle activity of the erector spinae and the OWSTS condition will be useful to increase the muscle activity of the external oblique. The results of this study can be used as an index to find a suitable exercise method for subjects who have back pain or to strengthen the abdomen.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.1856-1861
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• 2019

Background: Although there are interventions available for the improvement of arm functions of patients with stroke, measuring changes in global synkinesis (GS) according to changes in the muscle activity of paretic and nonparetic side muscles is an important factor and studies to investigate such potential factors are evaluated necessary. Objective: To examine the correlation between the affected arm muscle activity and GS changes in patients with stroke. Design: Randomized controlled trial Methods: In order to measure muscle activities of 30 stroke patients, anterior deltoid, posterior deltoid, biceps brachii and triceps brachii of the affected arms were measured using surface electromyography (EMG) and for analyzing GS, biceps brachii and triceps brachi of the affected arms were measured using the same instrument. Results: When the correlations between the muscle activity and GS of the affected arm were analyzed, the results showed significant correlations between the posterior deltoid and the triceps brachii(p < .01) and between the triceps brachii and GS(p < .05). Conclusion: : The results of this study suggest that the efficient movements of the affected arms of stroke patients, it is possible to increase extensor activity by improving smooth antagonism of the arm.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 D
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• pp.769-771
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• 2000

In this paper, pattern recognition scheme for EMG signal using artificial neural network is proposed. For manipulating ability, the movements of human arm are classified into several categories EMG signals of appropriate muscles are collected during arm movement. Patterns of EMG signals of each movement are recognized as follows: 1) The features of each EMG signal are extracted. 2) With these features, the neural network is trained by using feedforward error back-propagation (FFEBP) algorithm. The results show that the arm movements can be classified with EMG signals at high accuracy.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.82-85
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• 2014

Upper extremity replantation is relatively less commonly performed than finger or hand replantation. We have experienced one case of forearm replantation and one case of upper arm replantation. After the replantation, limb volume at the biceps brachii muscle level below the replantation level appeared to be appropriate, however, the motor function of the muscles and the sensitivity were disappointing. For replantation of forearm and upper arm, restoration of the motor function and sensitivity of the extremity below the amputation level as well as the morphologic reconstruction have to be considered.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.1868-1872
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• 2019

Background: Lower trapezius muscle function is important for the prevention and treatment of shoulder injuries. However, scapular posterior tilt movement has been overlooked in lower trapezius strengthening exercise programs. Objective: To examine the effects of prone arm lifting with scapular posterior tilt (PALSPT) on trapezius muscles. Design: Crossover study Methods: 17 healthy males were recruited for participation in this study. Participants performed backward rocking diagonal arm lifting (BRDAL) and PALSPT. To train participants in scapular posterior tilt movements for PALSPT, visual biofeedback of scapular movements was provided using a motion sensor. Electromyography (EMG) activities of the middle and lower trapezius were recorded using a surface EMG system. Differences in middle and lower trapezius muscle activity between BRDAL and PALSPT exercises were analyzed. Results: Lower trapezius muscle activity was significantly greater during PALSPT than during BRDAL (p=.006). Although greater EMG activity was observed in the middle trapezius during PALSPT than during BRDAL, this difference was not significant (p=.055). Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that scapular posterior tilt movements must be considered in lower trapezius muscle strengthening programs.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to compare the electromyographic (EMG) activity levels of the scapular upward rotators [upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), and serratus anterior (SA)] and other scapular muscles [posterior deltoid (PD), levator scapulae (LS), and infraspinatus (IS)] during isometric lower trapezius exercises. Twenty males with no medical history of shoulder pain or upper extremity disorders were recruited for this study. EMG activity was recorded from the UT, LT, SA, PD, LS, and IS while subjects performed three different exercises: Prone arm lift (PAL), Backward rocking diagonal arm lift (BRDAL), Modified Prone Cobra (MPC). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine any significant differences among the three exercises. A lower relative activation of UT, LT, and SA was seen with the MPC than with the other exercises (p<.05). The relatively lower activation of the UT identified, the MPC exercise as the preferred choice for preferential strengthening the LT (p<.05). However, a higher activation in the PD, LS, and IS occurred with the MPC than with the other exercises (p>.05). The recruitment pattern of synergist varied depending on the exercise posture. These findings suggest that exercise posture is an important factor in the selection of strengthening exercise for weak muscle.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.282-287
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• 2022

Background: Muscular forces drive proximal humeral fracture deformity, yet it is unknown if arm position can help mitigate such forces. Our hypothesis was that glenohumeral abduction and humeral internal rotation decrease the pull of the supraspinatus and subscapularis muscles, minimizing varus fracture deformity. Methods: A medial wedge osteotomy was performed in eight cadaveric shoulders to simulate a two-part fracture. The specimens were tested on a custom shoulder testing system. Humeral head varus was measured following physiologic muscle loading at neutral and 20° humeral internal rotation at both 0° and 20° glenohumeral abduction. Results: There was a significant decrease in varus deformity caused by the subscapularis (p<0.05) at 20° abduction. Significantly increasing humeral internal rotation decreased varus deformity caused by the subscapularis (p<0.05) at both abduction angles and that caused by the supraspinatus (p<0.05) and infraspinatus (p<0.05) at 0° abduction only. Conclusions: Postoperative shoulder abduction and internal rotation can be protective against varus failure following proximal humeral fracture fixation as these positions decrease tension on the supraspinatus and subscapularis muscles. Use of a resting sling that places the shoulder in this position should be considered.