• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.480-488
• /
• 2008

Orthodontists often treat cases which are difficult to treat with conventional orthodontics. In such cases, it could be treated with surgical procedures with the help of an oral surgeon. Especially, transverse deficiency of the mandible can be corrected by widening the transverse width of mandibular symphysis, using distraction osteogenesis. Transverse widening of mandibular sympysis is known as a safe treatment but still complications could occur during the treatment. We are reporting some complications of cases that mandibular symphysis transverse widening were applied. Some cases showed complications because of the inappropriate osteotomy line. Since straight vertical osteotomy line was inclined to the left, only the left bony segment was likely to expand. According to bio-mechanical considerations, it will be better to perform a step osteotomy, cutting the eccentric area of the alveolar crest and the centric area of the basal symphyseal area. Complications could also occur by the failure of the distraction device. The tooth borne distraction device was attached on the lingual side of the tooth with composite resin. During the distraction period, it was impossible to obtain appropriate distraction speed and rhythm because of frequent fall off of the distraction device. Therefore, distraction device should be attached firmly with orthodontic band or bone screw, etc. Tooth mobility increasement could also occur as a complication. 'Walking teeth phenomenon' was observed during the distraction period, showing severe teeth mobility and pain during mastication. These symptoms fade out during the consolidation period. Since the patient could feel insecure and uncomfortable, it should be notified to the patient before the procedure. Finally, alveolar crestal bone loss could occur. Alveolar crestal bone loss occurred because of lack of distraction device firmness and teeth trauma caused by lower lip biting habit. Therefore, adequate firmness of the distraction device and habit control will be needed.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.161-168
• /
• 1981

This study was undertaken to observe the histologic changes of surrounding maxillary sutures to the widening of midpalatal suture, using two adult dogs, weighing about 10 kg, for experimental, and one for control group. After widening of the midpalatal suture with expansion screw for ten days was performed, and followed by sacrifice of experimental animals. Tissues were excised from 5 surrounding maxillary suture portions such as, internasal, interfrontal, midsagittal, zygomatrco-temporal, and midpalatal sutures. After that, the specimens were fixed and decalcified in $10\%$ formalin sol. and $5\%$ nitric acid. Embedding in paraffin and serial sections at a thickness of 5 micron was done, After Hematoxylin-Eosin staining and light microscopic examination, Following results were obtained: 1. In midpalatal suture area, which showed most prominent histologic change, High degree of fibronlastic and osteoblastic proliferation lining the bony trabeculae with osteoid tissue projection into the fibrous connective tissue were observed. 2. In interfrontal suture area, moderate degree of fibroblastic and osteoblastic proliferation was observed. 3. In internasal suture area, active osteoblastic and osteoclastic proliferation lining the bony trabeculae was observed, and separation of fibrous connective tissue was also observed. 4. In midsagittal and zygomatico-temporal suture areas, no histologic changes can be observed.

• 한국언론정보학보
• /
• 제19권
• /
• pp.65-93
• /
• 2002

이 연구는 최근 들어 방송기술의 발달로 위성방송, 인터넷방송과 같이 전국성을 띠는 방송미디어가 속속 등장하면서 논란이 제기된 방송 권역 문제를 다루고 있다. 방송 권역의 문제는 위성방송 문제로 불거졌지만, 이 문제는 한국의 방송 철학과 이념에 대한 근본적인 문제를 제기하고 있다. 즉 방송 권역 문제는 새로운 미디어의 육성을 지향할 것인가? 커뮤니케이션 기술이 발달하더라도 지역문화, 지역언론의 역할을 중시해야 할 것인가? 등의 다양한 방송 이념과 관련 있기 때문이다. 이 연구에서는 방송 권역에 대한 기존의 논의를 평가한 뒤 방송 권역의 쟁점으로 방송 권역외 재송신, 위성방송 사업자의 지상파방송 재전송, 방송 권역의 광역화 등을 다루고 있다. 이 연구에서는 방송 권역의 목적이 기술적인 의미보다는 지역방송의 보호를 위해 유지되고 있으나, 방송 기술의 발전과 새로운 미디어의 등장으로 그 의미마저 상실되고 있음을 논의하고 있다. 따라서 방송 권역 개편을 통해 지역방송의 경쟁력을 강회하고 방송 권역과 관련된 방송사업자들의 문제를 풀어야 한다고 주장한다. 즉 디지털 멀티미디어 시대에 '방송 권역'의 의미를 재검토해야 한다고 주장하고 있다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2013

The present Namgang Dam had been completed in 2000, Salix subfragilis communities began to form in 2003 and their distribution area have been rapidly extended into nine times in 2010. In order to deduce correlation between water level and distribution of Salix subfragilis communities under this background in Namgang-dam reservoir, distribution characteristics and widening direction of Salix subfragilis communities have been analyzed by aerial photographs and water levels has been reviewed, also heights and ages of Salix subfragilis have been surveyed in field. The water levels of Namgang-dam related germination of Salix subfragilis have been analyzed in May and June from 2000 to 2010, mean water level, minimum water level and maximum water level were 37.87m, 36.99m and 38.82m, respectively. The oldest ages were 9-13 years, average diameters of breast height, average heights, average numbers and average crown area were respectively 3.9-8.8cm, 3.8-7.5m, $0.53/m^2$ and $0.98m^2/m^2$ in sites. Therefore, this results showed that the first recruitment of Salix subfragilis was in May 2002 when water levels have been maintained as 38.76-41.31m and the widening of Salix subfragilis communities was in May 2004 and 2005 when mean minimum water levels have been maintained as 38.76-41.31m. Salix subfragilis communities formed climax forest in Namgang-dam shore, this phenomena were different from the succession processes of Salix in rivers appeared landforming by deposition of sediment.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.24-31
• /
• 2001

AV시스템에서, 스테레오 스피커간의 거리가 좁기 때문에 실감나는 사운드효과를 내기가 매우 어렵다. 지금까지 공간적으로 음상을 확장시키는 신호처리방법이 많이 연구되었다. 음상을 화장하는 전형적인 방법은 대부분 위상이동과 관련된다. 그러나 이 방법은 반사성이 놓은 콘크리트 벽 구조에서는 효과적이지 못하다. 본 논문에서는 선착효과와 반사음을 이용하여 스테레오 음상을 효과적으로 확장하는 방법을 제안하였다. 실험을 통하여 기존 AV시스템이 스테레오 음상을 확장하는 방법이 실내가 넓을수록 유용함을 확인하였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.523-528
• /
• 1999

Subaortic stenosis in a 2.9kg, 3-month-old pug dog and a 11 kg, 4-month-old Rott -weiler dog showing signs of dyspnea, tachypnea, anorexia, exercise intolerance and depression was diagnosed with electrocardiography, thoracic radiography and ultrasonographic evaluation. In electrocardiography, PR interval widening, R wave amplitude increase in lead II in case 2, ST segment depression and left axis deviation in case 1 and 2 were identified. In thoracic radiographs, enlarged left ventricle and atrium, caudal displacement of left crus of diaphragm and caudal part of cranial mediastinum widening were identified in ventrodorsal view. In lateral view, left ventricular enlargement, secondary dorsal deviation of trachea and post-stenotic dilation of aorta were seen. Also, edematous pulmonary changes were shown in peri-hilar area. In ultrasonographic examination, left ventricular dilatation, pericardial effusion and subaortic valvular ridge were seen with real time B-mode in right parasternal long axis view. Aortic valve regurgitation was identified in color-Doppler mode.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 제어로봇시스템학회 1986년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; 한국과학기술대학, 충남; 17-18 Oct. 1986
• /
• pp.623-628
• /
• 1986

This paper reviews various CAD(Computer-Aided design) or DA(Design Automation) procedures for specification, design and verification of VLSI chips. The growth and widening of engineering achievements and applicational varieties in this revisited field has been truly explosive for the last five years. Recent trends in VLSI/CAD area and their possible implications on the future evolution of DA society are briefly touched upon. The relative importance of chip specification and design capability within the whole Korean electronics infrastructure in the future is explained with several possible suggestions for coping with upcoming difficulties already being seen in this challenging yet promising area.

• 한국연초학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.58-65
• /
• 1981

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of distance of planting holes (51, 45, and 40 cm) and number of plants per a hole(4, 5, 6 plants) on agronomic characteristics, yield, and quality of an aromatic tobacco, Sohyang. The results are as follows: 1. Relative light intensity increased by widening the distance of holes. 2. Leaf area per a plant or per a leaf, and leaf length and width increased by widening the distance of holes and decreased by increasing the number of plants per a hole. But L. A. 1. increased by increasing the number of plants per a hole. Leaf shape index (Leaf length/Leaf width) showed little differences among treatments. 3. Dry weight of leaf, root, and stem per a plant decreased by increasing the number of plants per a hole. 4. Total nitrogen decreased by increasing number of plants per a hole and in the case of narrow distance of holes, but nicotine, reducing sugar, ether-extract and ash showed little differences. 5. Yield per 10a decreased by widening the distance of holes. 6. Quality(price per kg) was improved by increasing the number of plants per a hole at the Plot of 51m distance of holes. But there was no variation at the Plot of 45cm. And quality was decreased at the plot of 40cm distance of holes by increasing the number of Plants per a hole. 7. Price per 10a was highest in the plot of which plant spacing was $90\times$40cm and the number of plants per a hole was 4 (11112 plant/10a).

• International Journal of Contents
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.10-12
• /
• 2005

Along with development of the Internet, education is achieved on-line actively. Therefore, interest about computer aided learning is growing. By a lot of advantages such as expense and time-saving side, this type of learning is widening area gradually. In this paper we discuss some of the learning technology, such as e-learning, m-learning, and u-learning.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제10권6호
• /
• pp.2364-2367
• /
• 2015

In this study, we fabricated an electrolyte-insulator-metal (EIM) device incorporating a high-k Al₂O₃ sensing membrane using a porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) through a two-step anodizing process for pH detection. The structural properties were observed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD). Electrochemical measurements taken consisted of capacitance-voltage (C-V), hysteresis voltage and drift rates. The average pore diameter and depth of the AAO membrane with a pore-widening time of 20 min were 123nm and 273.5nm, respectively. At a pore-widening time of 20 min, the EIM device using anodic aluminum oxide exhibited a high sensitivity (56mV/pH), hysteresis voltage (6.2mV) and drift rate (0.25mV/pH).