• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.480-488
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• 2008

Orthodontists often treat cases which are difficult to treat with conventional orthodontics. In such cases, it could be treated with surgical procedures with the help of an oral surgeon. Especially, transverse deficiency of the mandible can be corrected by widening the transverse width of mandibular symphysis, using distraction osteogenesis. Transverse widening of mandibular sympysis is known as a safe treatment but still complications could occur during the treatment. We are reporting some complications of cases that mandibular symphysis transverse widening were applied. Some cases showed complications because of the inappropriate osteotomy line. Since straight vertical osteotomy line was inclined to the left, only the left bony segment was likely to expand. According to bio-mechanical considerations, it will be better to perform a step osteotomy, cutting the eccentric area of the alveolar crest and the centric area of the basal symphyseal area. Complications could also occur by the failure of the distraction device. The tooth borne distraction device was attached on the lingual side of the tooth with composite resin. During the distraction period, it was impossible to obtain appropriate distraction speed and rhythm because of frequent fall off of the distraction device. Therefore, distraction device should be attached firmly with orthodontic band or bone screw, etc. Tooth mobility increasement could also occur as a complication. 'Walking teeth phenomenon' was observed during the distraction period, showing severe teeth mobility and pain during mastication. These symptoms fade out during the consolidation period. Since the patient could feel insecure and uncomfortable, it should be notified to the patient before the procedure. Finally, alveolar crestal bone loss could occur. Alveolar crestal bone loss occurred because of lack of distraction device firmness and teeth trauma caused by lower lip biting habit. Therefore, adequate firmness of the distraction device and habit control will be needed.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 1981

This study was undertaken to observe the histologic changes of surrounding maxillary sutures to the widening of midpalatal suture, using two adult dogs, weighing about 10 kg, for experimental, and one for control group. After widening of the midpalatal suture with expansion screw for ten days was performed, and followed by sacrifice of experimental animals. Tissues were excised from 5 surrounding maxillary suture portions such as, internasal, interfrontal, midsagittal, zygomatrco-temporal, and midpalatal sutures. After that, the specimens were fixed and decalcified in $10\%$ formalin sol. and $5\%$ nitric acid. Embedding in paraffin and serial sections at a thickness of 5 micron was done, After Hematoxylin-Eosin staining and light microscopic examination, Following results were obtained: 1. In midpalatal suture area, which showed most prominent histologic change, High degree of fibronlastic and osteoblastic proliferation lining the bony trabeculae with osteoid tissue projection into the fibrous connective tissue were observed. 2. In interfrontal suture area, moderate degree of fibroblastic and osteoblastic proliferation was observed. 3. In internasal suture area, active osteoblastic and osteoclastic proliferation lining the bony trabeculae was observed, and separation of fibrous connective tissue was also observed. 4. In midsagittal and zygomatico-temporal suture areas, no histologic changes can be observed.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.19
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• pp.65-93
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• 2002

This research deals with meanings and issues of 'broadcasting area' in which trans-regional broadcasting media such as satellite broadcasting and webcasting provoked. The issues around broadcasting area have raised the examination of fundamental broadcasting philosophy in Korea, i.e. establishment of broadcasting area intends to foster new media development? or protect local culture and local journalism? After assessing current criticisms around the broadcasting area, this study particularly addresses re-transmission outside the broadcasting area, satellite broadcaster's re-transmission of terrestrial channels, and widening of broadcasting area. This research argues that broadcasting area has lost its raison-etre due to the advent of new communication technology, even though it was maintained to protect regional broadcasting stations. Therefore it argues that now is the right time to change the broadcasting area in the digital media era. This approach could strengthen the competitiveness of regional broadcasting stations and solve the rows surrounding broadcasting areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1-15
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• 2013

The present Namgang Dam had been completed in 2000, Salix subfragilis communities began to form in 2003 and their distribution area have been rapidly extended into nine times in 2010. In order to deduce correlation between water level and distribution of Salix subfragilis communities under this background in Namgang-dam reservoir, distribution characteristics and widening direction of Salix subfragilis communities have been analyzed by aerial photographs and water levels has been reviewed, also heights and ages of Salix subfragilis have been surveyed in field. The water levels of Namgang-dam related germination of Salix subfragilis have been analyzed in May and June from 2000 to 2010, mean water level, minimum water level and maximum water level were 37.87m, 36.99m and 38.82m, respectively. The oldest ages were 9-13 years, average diameters of breast height, average heights, average numbers and average crown area were respectively 3.9-8.8cm, 3.8-7.5m, $0.53/m^2$ and $0.98m^2/m^2$ in sites. Therefore, this results showed that the first recruitment of Salix subfragilis was in May 2002 when water levels have been maintained as 38.76-41.31m and the widening of Salix subfragilis communities was in May 2004 and 2005 when mean minimum water levels have been maintained as 38.76-41.31m. Salix subfragilis communities formed climax forest in Namgang-dam shore, this phenomena were different from the succession processes of Salix in rivers appeared landforming by deposition of sediment.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2001

In The AV system, to produce a realistic sound effect is very difficult because the distance between stereo speakers is very narrow. Many signal processing method of widening the sound image for spatial impression have been studied. Most of the typical methods of widening the sound image are related to the phase shifting. but this method was not effective in the concrete wall structure with high reflectivity. In this paper, we proposed an effective method of extending stereo sound image using Precedence Effect and reflected sound. In experiments we confirmed the usefulness of the method for extending stereo sound image of a conventional AV system in wider listening area of a room.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.523-528
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• 1999

Subaortic stenosis in a 2.9kg, 3-month-old pug dog and a 11 kg, 4-month-old Rott -weiler dog showing signs of dyspnea, tachypnea, anorexia, exercise intolerance and depression was diagnosed with electrocardiography, thoracic radiography and ultrasonographic evaluation. In electrocardiography, PR interval widening, R wave amplitude increase in lead II in case 2, ST segment depression and left axis deviation in case 1 and 2 were identified. In thoracic radiographs, enlarged left ventricle and atrium, caudal displacement of left crus of diaphragm and caudal part of cranial mediastinum widening were identified in ventrodorsal view. In lateral view, left ventricular enlargement, secondary dorsal deviation of trachea and post-stenotic dilation of aorta were seen. Also, edematous pulmonary changes were shown in peri-hilar area. In ultrasonographic examination, left ventricular dilatation, pericardial effusion and subaortic valvular ridge were seen with real time B-mode in right parasternal long axis view. Aortic valve regurgitation was identified in color-Doppler mode.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1986.10a
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• pp.623-628
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• 1986

This paper reviews various CAD(Computer-Aided design) or DA(Design Automation) procedures for specification, design and verification of VLSI chips. The growth and widening of engineering achievements and applicational varieties in this revisited field has been truly explosive for the last five years. Recent trends in VLSI/CAD area and their possible implications on the future evolution of DA society are briefly touched upon. The relative importance of chip specification and design capability within the whole Korean electronics infrastructure in the future is explained with several possible suggestions for coping with upcoming difficulties already being seen in this challenging yet promising area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 1981

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of distance of planting holes (51, 45, and 40 cm) and number of plants per a hole(4, 5, 6 plants) on agronomic characteristics, yield, and quality of an aromatic tobacco, Sohyang. The results are as follows: 1. Relative light intensity increased by widening the distance of holes. 2. Leaf area per a plant or per a leaf, and leaf length and width increased by widening the distance of holes and decreased by increasing the number of plants per a hole. But L. A. 1. increased by increasing the number of plants per a hole. Leaf shape index (Leaf length/Leaf width) showed little differences among treatments. 3. Dry weight of leaf, root, and stem per a plant decreased by increasing the number of plants per a hole. 4. Total nitrogen decreased by increasing number of plants per a hole and in the case of narrow distance of holes, but nicotine, reducing sugar, ether-extract and ash showed little differences. 5. Yield per 10a decreased by widening the distance of holes. 6. Quality(price per kg) was improved by increasing the number of plants per a hole at the Plot of 51m distance of holes. But there was no variation at the Plot of 45cm. And quality was decreased at the plot of 40cm distance of holes by increasing the number of Plants per a hole. 7. Price per 10a was highest in the plot of which plant spacing was $90\times$40cm and the number of plants per a hole was 4 (11112 plant/10a).

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.10-12
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• 2005

Along with development of the Internet, education is achieved on-line actively. Therefore, interest about computer aided learning is growing. By a lot of advantages such as expense and time-saving side, this type of learning is widening area gradually. In this paper we discuss some of the learning technology, such as e-learning, m-learning, and u-learning.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.2364-2367
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• 2015

In this study, we fabricated an electrolyte-insulator-metal (EIM) device incorporating a high-k Al₂O₃ sensing membrane using a porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) through a two-step anodizing process for pH detection. The structural properties were observed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD). Electrochemical measurements taken consisted of capacitance-voltage (C-V), hysteresis voltage and drift rates. The average pore diameter and depth of the AAO membrane with a pore-widening time of 20 min were 123nm and 273.5nm, respectively. At a pore-widening time of 20 min, the EIM device using anodic aluminum oxide exhibited a high sensitivity (56mV/pH), hysteresis voltage (6.2mV) and drift rate (0.25mV/pH).