• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.32-32
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• 2023

Incidences of urban flood and extreme heat waves (due to the urban heat island effect) are expected to increase in New Zealand under future climate change (IPCC 2022; MfE 2020). Increasingly, the mitigation of such events will depend on the resilience of a range Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) used in Sustainable Urban Drainage Schemes (SUDS), or Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) (Jamei and Tapper 2019; Johnson et al 2021). Understanding the impact of changing precipitation and temperature regimes due climate change is therefore critical to the long-term resilience of such urban infrastructure and design. Cuthbert et al (2022) have assessed the trade-offs between the water retention and cooling benefits of different urban greening methods (such as WSUD) relative to global location and climate. Using the Budyko water-energy balance framework (Budyko 1974), they demonstrated that the potential for water infiltration and storage (thus flood mitigation) was greater where potential evaporation is high relative to precipitation. Similarly, they found that the potential for mitigation of drought conditions was greater in cooler environments. Subsequently, Jaramillo et al. (2022) have illustrated the locations worldwide that will deviate from their current Budyko curve characteristic under climate change scenarios, as the relationship between actual evapotranspiration (AET) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) changes relative to precipitation. Using the above approach we assess the impact of future climate change on the urban water-energy balance in three contrasting New Zealand cities (Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch and Invercargill). The variation in Budyko curve characteristics is then used to describe expected changes in water storage and cooling potential in each urban area as a result of climate change. The implications of the results are then considered with respect to existing WSUD guidelines according to both the current and future climate in each location. It was concluded that calculation of Budyko curve deviation due to climate change could be calculated for any location and land-use type combination in New Zealand and could therefore be used to advance the general understanding of climate change impacts. Moreover, the approach could be used to better define the concept of urban infrastructure resilience and contribute to a better understanding of Budyko curve dynamics under climate change (questions raised by Berghuijs et al 2020)). Whilst this knowledge will assist in implementation of national climate change adaptation (MfE, 2022; UNEP, 2022) and improve climate resilience in urban areas in New Zealand, the approach could be repeated for any global location for which present and future mean precipitation and temperature conditions are known.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2023

The Tibetan Plateau is home to the only alpine crane species, the black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis). Conservation efforts are severely hampered by a lack of knowledge on the spatial distribution and breeding habitats of this species. The ecological niche modeling framework used to predict the spatial distribution of this species, based on the maximum entropy and occurrence record data, allowed us to generate a species-specific spatial distribution map in Ladakh, Trans-Himalaya, India. The model was created by assimilating species occurrence data from 486 geographical sites with 24 topographic and bioclimatic variables. Fourteen variables helped forecast the distribution of black-necked cranes by 96.2%. The area under the curve score for the model training data was high (0.98), indicating the accuracy and predictive performance of the model. Of the total study area, the areas with high and moderate habitat suitability for black-necked cranes were anticipated to be 8,156 km² and 6,759 km², respectively. The area with high habitat suitability within the protected areas was 5,335 km². The spatial distribution predicted using our model showed that the majority of speculated conservation areas bordered the existing protected areas of the Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary. Hence, we believe, that by increasing the current study area, we can account for these gaps in conservation areas, more effectively.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to define the cut off values of cold hypersensitivity of hands by using digital infrared thermographic imaging(DITI). Methods: Thermographic images of 130 patients with cold hypersensitivity of hands(CHHG, n=65) and non-cold hypersensitivity of hands(NCHHG, n=65) were retrospectively reviewed. We used the temperature difference the palm(PC8) and the upper arm(LU4) for diagnosing cold hypersensitivity of hands. The temperature differences of between two groups were analysed using independent samples t-tests. The cut off values were calculated by ROC curve analysis. Analyses were undertaken using SPSS version 17.0. P value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The temperature difference the palm(PC8) and the upper arm(LU4) were significantly different between groups(p < 0.001). Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve were 70.8%, 73.8%, respectively both hands. The AUC was 0.822 on right hand and 0.818 on left hand. The optimum cut-off value was defined as $-0.05^{\circ}C$. Conclusions: These results suggest that DITI is a reliable instrument for estimating the cold hypersensitivity of hands.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to find diagnostic points and define the cut off values of hot flashes by using digital infrared thermographic imaging. Methods: Thermographic images of 75 patients with hot flashes (HF, n=35) and non-hot flashes (NHF, n=40) were retrospectively reviewed. We used the temperature difference between Ex-HN3 and CV17, LU4, CV12, CV4 for diagnosing hot flashes. The temperature differences of between two groups were analysed using independent samples t-tests. The cut off values were calculated by received operating characteristic curve analysis. Analyses were undertaken using SPSS version 17.0. and p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The temperature difference Ex-HN3 and LU4 were the most significantly different between groups (p<0.001). Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve were 65.7%, 72.5%, 0.729, respectively. The optimum cut off value was defined as $1.00^{\circ}C$. Conclusions: These results suggest that the digital infrared thermographic imaging is a reliable instrument for estimating hot flashes.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2017

본 연구는 갑상샘 초음파 영상에서 정상 및 악성결절의 세포병리 진단결과를 바탕으로 GLCM 알고리즘분석을 통한 후향적 연구를 시행하여 컴퓨터보조진단의 적용 가능성을 평가하였다. GLCM 알고리즘의 6가지 파라미터를 이용한 갑상샘 악성결절의 인식률 평가와 ROC 곡선을 분석하였다. 실험 결과는 에너지 97%, 대조도 93%, 상관관계 92%, 동질성 92%, 엔트로피 100%, 분산 100%의 높은 질환인식률을 나타내었다. ROC 곡선 분석에서 각 파라미터의 곡선아래면적이 0.947(p=0.001) 이상을 나타내어 갑상샘 악성결절의 인식에 의미가 있는 결과로 나타났다. 또한 GLCM에서 각 파라미터의 cut-off값 결정으로 정량적인 컴퓨터보조진단의 분석을 통한 질환예측이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to estimate the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of mouth opening (MO) and patient satisfaction in surgically treated oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) patients. Materials and Methods: The status of MO was collected preoperatively (T0), postoperatively at 3 months (T1), and at a minimum of 6 months postoperatively (T2). MCID was determined through the anchor-based approach with the change difference method, mean change method, and receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) method. Results: In this study, 35 patients enrolled and completed postoperative follow-up (T2) averaging a duration of 18.1 months. At T1, using the change difference method, MO was 14.89 mm and the ROC curve exhibited a 11.5 gain in MO (sensitivity 81.8% and specificity 100%, area under the curve [AUC] of 0.902) and was classified as MCID as reported by patients. At T2, MCID of MO was 9.75 mm using the change difference method and 11.75 mm by the mean change method. The ROC curve revealed that the MCID of MO at T2 was 10.5 mm with 73.9% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity (AUC of 0.873). The kappa value was 0.91, confirming reliability of the data. Conclusion: This study demonstrated MCID values that indicate the clinical relevance of surgical treatment of OSMF if the minimum possible gain in MO is approximately 10 mm.

• Oncology Letters
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.5731-5738
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• 2019

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer. Novel biomarkers of ccRCC may provide crucial information on tumor features and prognosis. The present study aimed to determine whether the expression of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor subunit θ (GABRQ) could serve as a novel prognostic marker of ccRCC. GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain that activates the receptor GABAA, which is comprised of three subunit isoforms: GABRA3, GABRB3 and GABRQ. A recent study reported that GABRQ is involved in the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma; however, the role of GABRQ in ccRCC remains unknown. In the present study, clinical and transcriptomic data were obtained from cohorts of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Differential GABRQ expression levels among early (TI and II), late (TIII and IV), nonmetastatic (M0) and metastatic (M1, primary tumor) stages of ccRCC samples were then identified. Furthermore, the use of GABRQ as a prognostic gene was analyzed using Uno's C-index based on the time-dependent area under the curve (AUC), the AUC of the receiver operating characteristic curve at 5 years, the Kaplan-Meier survival curve and multivariate analysis. The survival curve analysis revealed that low GABRQ mRNA expression was significantly associated with a poor prognosis of ccRCC (P<0.001 and P=0.0012 for TCGA and ICGC data, respectively). In addition, analyses of the C-index and AUC values further supported this discriminatory power. Furthermore, the prognostic value of GABRQ mRNA expression was confirmed by multivariate Cox regression analysis. Taken together, these results suggested that GABRQ mRNA expression may be considered as a novel prognostic biomarker of ccRCC.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.348-357
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• 2015

본 연구는 그간 우리나라에서 경제적인 가치를 인정 받아온 수종인 잣나무를 대상으로 잣나무의 현존 분포를 파악하고, RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) 8.5 기후변화 시나리오와 생태적 지위 모형에 기반하여 향후 잣나무의 분포 변화를 예측하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 5년간의 NFI 자료에서 조사지점별 잣나무의 풍부도 자료를 추출하여 사용하였으며, 수종에 영향을 미치는 환경요인변수를 선정하기 위해 생태적 지위 모형 가운데 하나인 GARP (Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Production)를 이용하였다. 총 27개의 환경요인변수에 대해 각각 모형을 구동하고 컨퓨전 매트릭스(Confusion Matrix) 기반 산출 통계량인 AUC (Area Under Curve)가 0.6 이상인 변수들을 선발하여 최종 잠재분포모형을 작성하였다. 그 결과 작성된 모형은 비교적 높은 적합도를 나타냈는데 잣나무는 현재 표고의 범위가 300m에서 1,200m 사이인 지역 및 남부에서 북부에 이르기까지 넓게 자리 잡고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 작성된 모형에 RCP 8.5 기후변화 시나리오를 적용한 결과, 잣나무는 2020년대부터 잠재분포역이 큰 폭으로 축소되며, 2090년대에는 우리나라 대부분의 지역이 잣나무의 생육에 불리할 것으로 예측되었다. 본 연구를 통해 기후변화가 잣나무 분포에 미치는 영향을 파악하고, 잣나무와 기후변화와의 상관성에 대한 이해를 높임으로써 향후 지역별 조림수종 선정 및 경제수종 교체 등의 조림적 관점에서 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.229-233
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• 2021

Background: Iliotibial band friction syndrome (ITBFS) is a common disorder of the lateral knee. Previous research has reported that the iliotibial band (ITB) thickness (ITBT) is correlated with ITBFS, and ITBT has been considered to be a key morphologic parameter of ITBFS. However, the thickness is different from inflammatory hypertrophy. Thus, we made the ITB cross-sectional area (ITBCSA) a new morphological parameter to assess ITBFS. Methods: Forty-three patients with ITBFS group and from 43 normal group who underwent T1W magnetic resonance imaging were enrolled. The ITBCSA was measured as the cross-sectional area of the ITB that was most hypertrophied in the magnetic resonance axial images. The ITBT was measured as the thickest site of ITB. Results: The mean ITBCSA was 25.24 ± 6.59 ㎟ in the normal group and 38.75 ± 9.11 ㎟ in the ITBFS group. The mean ITBT was 1.94 ± 0.41 mm in the normal group and 2.62 ± 0.46 mm in the ITBFS group. Patients in ITBFS group had significantly higher ITBCSA (P < 0.001) and ITBT (P < 0.001) than the normal group. A receiver operator characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the best cut-off value of the ITBT was 2.29 mm, with 76.7% sensitivity, 79.1% specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) 0.88. The optimal cut-off score of the ITBCSA was 30.66 ㎟, with 79.1% sensitivity, 79.1% specificity, and AUC 0.87. Conclusions: ITBCSA is a new and sensitive morphological parameter for diagnosing ITBFS, and may even be more accurate than ITBT.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.28-42
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• 1969

Field studies were conducted with the split plot design of 20 treatment with a combination of 4 levels of 3, 5, 7 and 9 plants per hill and 5 levels of 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 hills per 3.3$m^2$ on non-, low- and high-salty areas. Rice variety, Kusabue was grown under jthe standard fertilization and cultivating. Investigation was made on the productive structure of plant population, leaf-area index, light intensity curve by stratum of crop population at the panicle differentiation stage. The competition density effect on the photosynthetic capacity was low as the salt concentration became higher. This seemed to suggest the possiblity of an increased yielding capacity by closer planting in the salty areas. The effect of an increased number of hills per unit area was greater than that of an increased unmber of plants per hill due to the total leaf area and space distribution of the actie assimilation parts of rice plants. The number of ppanicle per unit area in the salty areas were increased when the number of hill per 3.3$m^2$ increased over an increased number of plants per hill, and the panicle weight was reduced by close planting in the non-lalty area, while it was not reduced so much in the salty areas. The number of grains per panicle was significantly decreased by close planting in the salty areas as in the non-salty area, and ratio of matured grain was not decreased even by close planting in the salty areas, while it was significantly decreased by close planting in the non-salty area. An increase in the rice yield was possible by close planting and greatly related to leaf area index in the salty areas but not in the non-salty area. Increasing the number of hills per unit area showed greater effect on the increase of the rice yield than an increased number of plants per hill in the salty areas. Relationships between the growth characteristics and the rice population affected by plant spacing mode for maximum production were discussed.