• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.428-433
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• 2004

The aim of this study was to investigate the histochemical parameters of muscle fibers, and to estimate the correlation between these histological parameters and carcass traits in pigs. A total of 230 crossbred Duroc$\times$(Yorkshire$\times$Landrace) pigs (149 gilts and 81 castrated male pigs) was evaluated. Carcass traits (carcass weight, backfat thickness, and loin eye area), muscle fiber size (crosssectional area, diameter, and perimeter), muscle fiber number (density of fibers/$mm^2$ and total number of fibers), and fiber type composition (percentages of myofibers and relative areas of each fiber type) were evaluated. Mean cross-sectional area (CSA) and type IIB fiber CSA were positively correlated to carcass weight, backfat thickness and loin eye area. Mean fiber CSA was mostly related to type IIB CSA (r=0.98) as a result of the high percentage of type IIB fibers in the longissimus muscle. Correlations between fiber diameters and perimeters were also high, and showed similar results with CSA. Mean fiber density was negatively correlated to carcass weight (r=-0.24), backfat thickness (r=-0.18) and loin eye area (r=-0.27). To the contrary, total fiber number was positively correlated with carcass weight (r=0.27) and loin eye area (r=0.53). Carcass weight and loin eyZe area were not significantly related to muscle fiber composition. For backfat thickness, there was an opposition between type IIA percentage, which was positively related and type IIB percentage, which was negatively related. Fiber type composition of type I and IIA fibers were negatively correlated to that of type IIB fibers (r=-0.67 to -0.74). In the present study, carcass weight and loin eye area were positively correlated to CSA and negatively correlated to fiber density. But, these relationships were generally low. The fiber density was strongly affected by muscle fiber size and the total fiber number was affected either by CSA of muscle fiber and loin eye area. Fiber type composition was much more related to their numerical abundance than their CSA.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.25-34
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to spatial organization feature and area composition of the over 500beds general hospital that will be expected construct in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do area after 2000year. From this study, we can suggest architectural planning for the efficiency operating of emergency medical facilities that can be used as preliminary data. The Spatial organization of emergency medical facilities are categorize into 4 session as medical examination and treatment, diagonosticradiology, staff, public and the others. We can find spatial organization system and area composition that compare area composition of 6 hospital the subject of research in a emergency medical facilities. The result of this study were as follows : spatial distribution of its field, grasping of spatial organization factor and recognize its merits and demerits should be researched in advance. Through this kind of recognizing emergency system, realistic medical local and condition architectural planning for spatial organization will be operate.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.301-310
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• 2003

In order to design accurately sand compaction pile (SCP) method with low replacement area ratio, it is important to understand the mechanical interaction between sand piles and clays and its mechanism during consolidation process of the composition ground. In this paper, a series of numerical analyses on composition ground improved by SCP with low replacement area ratio were carried out, in order to investigate the mechanical interaction between sand piles and clays. The applicability of numerical analyses, in which an elasto-viscoplastic consolidation finite element method was applied, could be confirmed comparing with results of a series of model tests on consolidation behaviors of composition ground improved by SCP. And, through the results of the numerical analyses, each mechanical behavior of sand piles and clays in the composition ground during consolidation was elucidated, together with stress sharing mechanism between sand piles and clays.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.37-53
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• 2017

Purpose: As the structure of the disease has been changed and the infectious disease has been increased, the demand for diagnostic examination has been increasing. So, the department of laboratory medicine in hospital has playing the important role accounting for about nineteen percent of total medical expenses in korea. This study is to investigate the laboratory function and spatial composition of the department and figure out the space area and space organization. Methods: Explore the literature review to identify the laboratory function. Limit to five cases of tertiary level general hospital having about a thousand bed and analyze the space layout and floor area to confirm the spatial composition. Classify the exam function and check the spatial composition and spatial organization. Results: This study allows 5 conclusions to be summarized. Laboratory medicine divided into nine part in regulation, but in space allocated into core lab, emergency lab and six part lab. Total laboratory area is $2,036m^2$ in average, and is composited with 60% for lab, 17% for office and 20% for public. Lab area per a bed presents $1.88m^2$. Microbiolgy and molecular lab area are getting large. Laboratory space organized into the four zone, like an entrance zone, core zone, rear zone and peripheral zone. Emergency and transfusion lab are allocated in entrance zone, hematology chemistry and immunology in core lab, microbiology and molecular lab in rear, support offices in peripheral zone. The most important point was to check the spatial composition of the Laboratory Medicine according to the inspection function. Implications: This study can be used as a useful data in planning and designing a Laboratory Medicine Department.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 1997

Species composition and the amount of nutrients absorbed by regenerating plants on a pine forest in the immediate postfire year were compared with those in an unburned pine forest in Kosung, Kangwon Province. Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum, Cyperus amuricus, Lespedeza biolor, Quercus serrata, Lysimachia clethroides were the most abundant species in burned area. In unburned area. Quercus mongolica, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Carex humilis, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Spodiopogon sibiricus were the most abundant species. Standing biomass of understory vegetation in burned and unburned area was 170.2 g $D.W/m^2$ and 171.3g $D.W/m^2$, respectively. Nutrient concentrations of plants in burned area, especially for phosphorus and potassium, were higher than those in unburned area. The amounts of nutrients absorbed by understory plants in burned and unburned area were 37.4 and 33.6 kg/ha for N, 0.36 and 0.19 kg/ha for P, 30.6 and 18.8 kg/ha for K, 8.5 and 7.8 kg/ha Ca, 5.2 and 5.7 kg/ha for Mg, respectively. This suggests that regenerating vegetation can hold the significant amount of nutrients, although there may be considerable losses of nutrients from ecosystem after fire.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.708-715
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• 2003

Species composition and distribution patterns of shellfish were investigated in Eoeun and Geojeon tidal flat located in the Saemangeum area on the west coast of Korea from May to October 2000. Nineteen species of shellfish were collected in Geojeon tidal flat. The samples in number of individuals included Umbonium thomasi $(90.0\%)$ and Mactra veneriformis $(5.0\%).$ In Eoeun tidal flat, ten species of shellfish were collected and the dominant species in number of individuals were Potamocorbula amurensis $(55.0\%)$ and U. thomasi $(18.6\%).$ These results were compared with previous studies conducted before the beginning of reclamation in Saemangeum. Compared with the results from 1988, a change In species composition was observed. Laternula flexuosa and Nuttallia olivacea appeared, while Mactra chinensis and Coelomactra antiquata disappeared in the deposition area in Geojeon tidal flat. In the erosion area of Eoeun tidal flat, M. veneriformis and Meretrix lusoria appeared, while Cyclina sinensis disappeared. Based on a cluster analysis, the shellfish community in Eoeun tidal flat was classified into three station groups based on sediment types. Geojeon tidal flat was also classified into three station groups. The distribution of shellfish in the Saemangeum area was closely related to the sediment types.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.545-552
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• 2012

Domestic marina facilities today consist mostly of composite-type marinas with particular spatial composition characteristics, due to the regulatory restrictions that keep their development in the public sector and the tepid growth of marine leisure-sports. To develop a marina club design appropriate for domestic conditions, this study establishes space program standards for designing Korean marinas based on a case analysis of existing marina clubs and a survey of floating marina clubs. It is possible for a current composite-type Korean marina club to have a spatial composition of 16~18% for marina-exclusive facility (mFA), 47~49% for commercial facility (cFA), 27~30% for public space (pFA) and 5~8% for management space (emFA). With this composition as a basis, space program estimation of a Korean marina club can be done through the process of estimating in order the marina-exclusive facility area, the floor area by each space and the total floor area, the first floor area, the deck area and the pontoon area. Since the space program established in this study can be utilized as a tool for designing a Korean marina club, it is expected to be helpful in designing marina clubs in the future.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.25-36
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• 2019

Purpose: To establish guidelines for local public hospitals, the survey was conducted primarily on the current status of local public hospitals, focusing on the zone configuration and the spatial area of the operating department. Methods: 3 Methods have been used in this paper. 1) Analyzing drawings to derive the net floor area of each room. 2) A literature survey about composition of the zone by infection control. 3) Observation survey for user circulation analysis. Results: The operation department consists of the major, secondary, support and connected zones according to the user's actions. The spatial area composition ratio for each zone is major zone: 41.79%, secondary zone: 10.87%, support zone: 23.10%, and connected zone: 24.24%. Implications: This study is a basic research for guideline for the operation department in local public hospitals. In this study, zones configuration of the operation departments are classified in terms of user actions and room functions. In the future, it is required to establish criteria considering infection control and copper connection aspects.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.101-111
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• 1999

In previous study, the local trends in dustfall chemistry and deposition were determined and the characteristics of chemical compositions among dustfall, TSP and rainwater were also compared. Based on the previous results, in this study, the effects of sea salts and soil and soil on the chemical composition of dustfall were studied and then the sources of dustfall in Cheju area were tentatively identified by principal component analysis(PCA)

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2019

With South Korea's limited capability of feed production because of its relatively small cultivable area, the country is pushed to depend on foreign feed imports despite the immensely fluctuating price of corn. Hence, intensive efforts to increase the total cultivable area in Korea like extending of farming to mountainous area is being practiced. Corn was planted in Goesan County, a mountainous area in the country. Grain and stover were harvested separately in three harvest periods: early-harvest (Aug 8), mid-harvest (Aug 18), and late-harvest (Aug 28). The nutrient composition such as dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (EE), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) was determined after harvest. Effective degradability (ED) of the major nutrients (DM, NDF, ADF, and CP) were measured through in vitro fermentation of rumen fluid from Hanwoo (Korean cattle). pH, ammonia-N concentration, volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, and gas production were periodically measured at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. Corn grain showed higher nutrient content and ED than stover. It also had higher gas production but its pH, ammonia-N, and total VFA concentration were lower than corn stover. The best nutrient composition of corn grain was observed in early-harvest (high CP, EE, NDF, OM, NFC, and low ADF). Early-harvest of corn grain also had high effective degradability of dry matter (EDDM), effective degradability of neutral detergent fiber (EDNDF), effective degradability of acid detergent fiber (EDADF), and total VFA concentration. On the other hand, the best nutrient composition of stover was observed in mid-harvest (high DM, CP, NDF, and low ADF). EDDM, EDNDF, and EDADF were pronounced in early-harvest and mid-harvest of stover but the latter showed high total VFA concentration. Hence, early and mid-harvested corn stover and grain in a mountainous area preserved their nutrients, which led to the effective degradation of major nutrients and high VFA production.