• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.157-164
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate students' perception of the integration of Chinese ethnic minority culture into the college EFL teaching which was carried out in the fall and spring semesters with different presentation topics. One and the same questionnaire was distributed to 61 participants, involving Han Chinese and Chinese ethnic minority students, at a university in ethnic minority area in China at the end of each semester, and SPSS 20.0 was used for t-test to analyze the data. The research results showed that Chinese undergraduates have got more significant improvements in cultural cognition, emotions, attitudes, and multi-cultural values in the spring semester than those in the fall semester. All participants benefit a lot from multi-cultural activities without significant differences between Han Chinese and ethnic minority students in both semesters. It is suggested that ethnic minority culture be integrated into the college EFL teaching, along with English culture and Chinese mainstream culture, which be administered as a practical teaching mode to develop students' intercultural competence.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.205-212
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• 2018

Background: Brain volume is associated with dementia and depression in the elderly. An easy way to predict relative brain volume is to measure head circumference. In this study, we investigated the relationship between head circumference and cognition as well as depression in a non-demented elderly community. Methods: Baseline and follow-up surveys were conducted in 2007 and 2010. At baseline, community residents aged 65 years or over (n=382) within a rural area of South Korea were screened for dementia and symptoms of depression and were followed using the same screening battery after 3 years (n=279). Data from anthropometric measurements (head circumference, height, and body weight), demographics, and blood tests were gathered. Neuropsychological tests, including the Korean version of mini-mental state examination (K-MMSE), clinical dementia rating (CDR) including the CDR-sum of boxes, the Korean version of instrumental activities of daily living, and geriatric depression scale (GDS), were performed. None of the 279 subjects followed were demented. Results: Baseline performance on the K-MMSE and GDS was poorer for participants with smaller head circumferences. Follow-up performance on the MMSE was also poorer for participants with smaller head circumferences. Interestingly, participants with smaller head circumference showed worse GDS scores at baseline but on follow-up examination, participants with larger head circumference showed rapid worsening than those with smaller head circumference with marginal significance by ANOVA test. In regression coefficient analysis, GDS decline showed significant difference. Conclusion: Head circumference was not associated with cognitive change but was associated with symptoms of depression in non-demented community residents.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.27-34
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• 2022

In this study, we aimed to determine which medical conditions of the stroke patients admitted for rehabilitation more than four weeks after onset affect caregiver burden. Participants diagnosed with stroke and their respective primary caregivers were enrolled and assessed after an 8-week follow-up period. The areas of evaluation for stroke patients included neurologic state, cognition, performance in daily life movements, gait, and balance, and caregivers were evaluated in the area of burden. The evaluation was conducted at the start of the rehabilitation course and eight weeks later. Patient caregivers were found to be under mild to moderate burden while providing care throughout the hospitalization period. The patient's neurologic state and cognition were correlated with caregiver burden. In the all patient and the subacute stroke patient group, multiple regression analysis confirmed that the neurologic state and balance stability were factors that influenced caregiver burden. Hence, we suggest that improvement in the patient's balance stability be emphasized during the course of rehabilitation to mitigate caregiver burden.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.160-169
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the importance of nurses' caring behaviors and to identify influencing factors on nurses' caring behaviors for elders with dementia. Methods: Data were collected through questionnaires from 156 nurses in several demented elderly setting and analyzed by applying descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 16.0. Results: The average score for importance of nurses' caring behaviors was 3.55 and the 'attentive to other's experience' factor was the highest level. The mean score of nursing professional value was 8.46 and job satisfaction, 3.86. Importance of nurses' caring behaviors had a significant positive correlation with nursing professional value, job satisfaction and nurse's age. Four significant variables influencing importance of nurses' caring behaviors were job satisfaction, nursing professional value, working area of nurses and cognition dysfunction of elderly. Conclusion: With the results of this study, importance of nurses' caring behaviors can be improved by intervening the factors affecting this importance. Based on the findings of this study, further nursing practice and research for nurses' caring the elders with dementia should be focused on job satisfaction, nursing professional value, working area of nurses and cognitive dysfunction of elderly.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.97-117
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• 2001

The Influences of the Ecotourism Motive, on the Attitude, Resource Interpretation and Satisfaction of Tourist Ecotourism has been recently introduced to maintain the relation of mutual dependence between the tourism and the natural environment. However it is adversely used and creates the destruction of ecosystem. It is Important that the ecotourism is a tourism which tourists can experience and enjoy themselves on site rather than a tourism which they only see and hear, understand. It is assumed that a method should be found to maximize toursist' satisfaction and that the presentation of interpretation of the tourism resource may satisfy the tourist's satisfaction. The results offer the suggestion points as follows. 1. By providing the interpretation of tourism resource as well as the recreational object, the ecotourism can be activated with a sound recognition of nature and the reservation of environment, and furthermore, the development policy may be based on not only the area of ecotourism but also all of the tour area. 2. By providing the interpretation service of tourism resource for tourists, the satisfaction can be maximized by the high cognition of tourist. 3. By providing the information about the tourism destination and resource, it will contribute to the side of education, it will contribute the preservation of resource and the reservation of environment. Ecotourism, Tourism Motive, Tourism Attitude, Tourism Resource Interpretation Tourist Satisfaction.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.169-191
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was performed to report the present situation of the cupping treatment to make standardization of cupping treatment in Korea. Methods : We searched relevant case reports, surveys, and review articles using a databases of online bibliography. And we had research to oriental medical doctor with questionnaire about the cupping treatment. Results : 1. Cupping treatment is used for diagnoisis, protection and treatment for many kinds of diseases such as musculoskeletal diseases, internal diseases, sequela of cerebral attacks and so on in Korea. 2. Adequate cupping area is the area of lesion. 3. Cupping time and pressure are various. 4. Adequate amount of venesection is 10cc. 5. Adequate dry cupping term is 1 time/day and adequate wet cupping term is 1 time/2~3days. 6. Cognition of adverse reaction of cupping treatment is different among the doctors. 7. Method of disinfection of cup is different among the doctors. Conclusions : The result of this study will help to make the a guideline of cupping treatment. And we have to go ahead studying to make standardization of cupping treatment.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1600-1606
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• 2022

Objective: This study was to compares and analyzes programs applied to improve cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment and early dementia in the community to find out their effectiveness. Methods: In this study, 12 papers were finalized by searching for "elderly", "cognitive", "community", and "program" using the database of the Research Information System (RISS), National Assembly Library, and Korean Studies Information (KISS). Results: Programs for cognitive function were in the order of cognitive stimulation program, arts and crafts, and exercise program. In the program, rather than applying the cognitive stimulation program alone, the program was operated by combining leisure or exercise, music, art, and handicraft. The time was shown to be 30 minutes. The most frequently used evaluation tool was MMSE, followed by GDS and BBS. By cognitive domain, cognitive stimulation program and memory, satisfaction in psychology, and balance ability in exercise were evaluated the most. In the cognitive area, various cognitive stimulation areas were included, and in the exercise area, basic exercise, muscle strength exercise, joint exercise, and balance exercise were applied. Conclusion: Therefore, developing a program to improve cognitive function for mild cognitive impairment, it will be possible to prepare guidelines to establish and development.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the cognition of dental caries prevention by the level of socioeconomic status based on Gallup survey in Korea. Methods: This study was done by Korean Gallup survey in October, 2010. A trained researcher carried out the computer aided telephone interview(CATI) using a structured questionnaire. This study was based on the latest population statistics of resident registration and whole country's phone data base. This survey included 869 selected Korean adults over 19 years old, and they were asked to answer a CATI. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects and socioeconomic factors including age, gender, education level, monthly income, and residential area. Cognition of dental caries prevention was measured by Likert 4 scale including 'much', 'a little', 'rarely', and 'never'. The attitude toward dental caries prevention consisted of daily tooth brushing frequency, experience of oral health education, regular dental checkup, chewing gums(xylitol), regular scaling, and use of oral care devices. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 for frequency analysis, t-test, chi-square test, and one way ANOVA. Cronbach's alpha was 0.462 in oral health concern and attitude. Results: Mean of the frequencies of daily tooth brushing in men was 2.54 times and 2.78 in women. By the comparison to age group, 35-44 years old group had 2.82 times, 19-37 years old group had 2.72 times, and 45-64 years old group had 2.51 times. The level of education and monthly income was proportional to the tooth brushing frequency. Highly educated and higher monthly income group received regular dental checkup within a year and used the auxiliary oral health care devices. Conclusions: This study suggested the relationship between dental caries prevention and socioeconomic status. It is important to provide the low socioeconomic group with the better oral health promotion services in the future.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.267-273
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• 2003

The present study attempted to observe what changes the supply of highly concentrated (30%) oxygen cause to people's ability of visuospatial cognition, compared to air of normal oxygen concentration (21%). This study sampled eight male university students (the average age : 23.5) as subjects for functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) study It also developed equipment that supplies 21% and 30% oxygen) at a constant rate of 8L/min. Two questionnaires containing 20 questions were developed to measure the ability of visuospatial cognition, and accuracy was calculated from the result of task performance. The experiment paradigm consisted of the run conducting tasks at 30%'s concentration of oxygen and another run at 21%'s concentration of oxygen. Each run was composed of four blocks and each block included eight control tasks and five visuospatial taks. 3T MRI was used and fMRI was obtained through the single-shot EPI method. The activation in the occipital-associated area, bilateral superior parietal lobes, bilateral inferior parietal lobes. bilateral precuneus, bilateral postcentral gyri, bilateral middle frontal gyri, bilateral inferior frontal gyri, bilateral medial frontal gyri, bilateral superior frontal gyri, bilateral cingulate gyri was significantly increased at the 30%'s concentration of oxygen rather than 21%'s. Furthermore, the result of task performance showed the accuracy increased at 30%'s concentration of oxygen rather than 21%'s. From the result of this study, it is concluded that the supply of highly concentrated oxygen has a positive effect on the ability of visuospatial cognition.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.7
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• pp.335-353
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• 2005

In recent years there has been much discussion about whether there is a critical, or sensitive period for language acquisition. Research on a critical period provides an excellent example around which we can organize a discussion of the behavioral and neural evidence. In this paper, the early history of critical periods and evidence for the existence of critical periods in various domains of human cognition and learning are reviewed. Followed by this overview, evidence for a critical period in both linguistic and non linguistic area are presented. The paper then provides some unresolved questions regarding a critical period in language acquisition and states what the outcome of this issues mean for an understanding of language acquisition. Finally the paper concludes with some educational implications of a critical period for practice.