• Journal of architectural history
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2015

This study aims to research the Kisho Kurokawa's architectural concepts and expressions that are comprised of various and complex theories system for Korean's globalization of architecture. Kurokawa's architectural concepts are composed by Metabolism, Metamorphosis and Symbiosis. And intermediate zone, ambiguity, multivalence are theories that work as media in changing process levels to three main concepts and these are used as media of Metamorphosis which embody Symbiosis. Metabolism include concepts of Metamorphosis and Symbiosis. Symbiosis is comprise of concepts of Metabolism and Metamorphosis, and is a ultimate goal of these three main concepts. Metamorphosis works as a medium in changing process levels from Metabolism to Symbiosis. The architectural expressions are embodied according to these main three concepts and theories of media in changing process levels. And these architectural expressions are analyzed by three elements as follows: form, material & color, structure & technique.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.119-135
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• 2006

This study based on the hypothesis which the spatial qualities in the Mies's early works are not extinct but potentially immanent in his latter works. In Mies's early works, destruction of outline, centrifugal extension of fluid space, and asymmetry are distinctly showed. These qualities probably revert to the indefiniteness of space. In Mies's latter works, however, these dynamic qualities are disappeared. Geometrically precise outline and exact grid structure represent universal space derived from zero-degree pure box. These qualities probably revert to tile definiteness of space, characterized by the unmovable emptiness. Although Mies works vary in external form, his expression technique of space reveals continually both the qualify of definitive and indefinitive space. For example, in the Museum for a Small City(1942) unbuilt project. elements defined by the perspective are fixed and static, but elements defined by the collages are floated and dynamic. The former reigns over the realized buildings of Mies, while the latter seems to be latent in terms of Schein which transcends reality. If we can penetrate this point, it's possible to read the other side of Mies' architectural works, distinct from both the canonized interpretation and the excessive criticism. Point is that later works of Mies must be understood as interplay of universal space appeared as phenomenon and flowing elements latent in. Architectural space of Mies keeps a distance with actual space through latent manner of being while preserves the empirical actuality It provides us with an occasion which appears only in an instant, in which even the ordinary things reveal its poetics.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.7-26
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is the study on the architectural characteristics revived from the roman architecture, focused on the early renaissance architecture building. The results of study are as follow: 1. The composition system of Domus which is formed of urban house in the Roman period is presented by spatial arrangement of palace architecture centering around atrium in the Renaissance period. Thus plan type of Domus is used by atrium from which is composed of peristyle from the palace and villa in the Renaissance period. 2. The circular temple in the Roman period is composed of element such as podium, stair, peristyle centering around the basic circular plan. Bramante planed to revive above elements for the Tempietto to concept from the circular temple in the Roman period. 3. The triumphal arch in the Roman period is strong monument to the independent building in the city, but thus arch is used of church facade as the important example which is composed with building elevation in the Renaissance period. 4. The composition system and element of Roman temple which is planned to rectangular plan is composed of high podium, stair, portico, prostyle and pediment. The facade plan of church is used by the partial elements and total elements perfectly from the temple in the Roman period. 5. The linearly successive and repetitive composition which is composition system and element of aqueduct arches of same dimension shows to the palace facade, arcade for gallery space and side elevation plan of S.Fracesco church. 6. Such as background of Colloseum, Rucellai palace can be called good example which is created by the new architectural form to the creative starting point from the classical architecture from.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1089-1095
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• 2023

Windows are essential and important architectural elements for the organization of architectural spaces, and they give character to the space and have a great impact on the reaction of users. Virtual windows are installed to activate architectural spaces such as underground spaces where windows cannot be installed, and to provide a sense of psychological security to users in hospital clinics, etc. In this study, we reviewed the literature and collected and analyzed the precedents of virtual windows to discuss the factors necessary to improve the realism of virtual windows. The factors that affect the realism of virtual windows are further grouped into five categories: 1. Use of reproduced images or videos for views, 2. Representation of temporality, 3. Responsiveness to changes in the observer's perspective, 4. Realistic reproduction of sunlight, and 5. Provision of non-visual sensory elements. Virtual windows are not just a replacement for traditional windows, but a way to realize a virtual environment using digital media, and it is necessary to expand the discussion to the realization of the virtual environment and the relationship with architectural elements.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.33-40
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• 2010

Gross-to-net ratio is the important factor determining size of the building. However it was determined as the empirical method without the exact basis in the existing planning. This paper proposes more accurate methods for determining the gross-to-net ratio of architectural planning in general hospital. This paper analyzes the difference of gross-to-net ratio according to the various conditions and presents the elements of influencing on gross-to-net ratio. These elements is evaluated by applying in the typical hospital case. In conclusion, gross-to-net ratio is influenced by the accuracy of the space program, form type of the space and correspondence potential about the internal variation. In addition, This study has proved that empirical approach is a standard of minimum area.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.1067-1081
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• 2015

This study investigates structural and mechanical behaviors of RC (Reinforced concrete) beams strengthened with tapered CFRP (Carbon fiber reinforced polymer) sheets having various configurations. Toward this goal, experiments are performed on RC beams strengthened with four layers of CFRP sheets and each layer of the CFRP is prepared to have different length. Experimental results show that tapered CFRPs have better strengthening effect than non-tapered CFRP sheets and maximum loads of the beams with tapered CFRPs are governed by the length of first CFRP layer rather than total length of CFRP layers. In addition, analyses are performed using FE (Finite Element) models including cohesive elements to predict debonding behaviors between FRP and concrete elements. The predicted results from the FE models show good agreement with the experimental results.

• The Journal of Engineering Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.183-193
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• 1997

The pupose of thesis is to analyze the architectural characteristics of Mies's Barcelona Pavilion. I analyzed the site, space, form, structure, aesthetic elements, compared it with two other buildings by him, and studied the evaluation and interpretation about the building. I cocluded that all of the modern architectural elements were fused in the crucible of Mies's imagination to produce an original work of art.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.12-20
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• 2009

Memory and schema are very similar in terms of human accumulated mental and physical experiences. However, while memory has more personal aspect, schema discussed in this paper has more collective aspect. Schema has been developed through different generations and times, and has become a specific psychological or visual element(s) that can be applied to various fields, such as all, design and architecture. This study focuses on Aldo Rossi's architectural design characteristics based on his 'Autobiographical Concept' as well as personal schema. 'Autobiographical Concept' is the crucial structure supporting Aldo Rossi's distinctive formalization and spatialization. 4 case projects were comparatively analyzed by the 5 elements included in 'Autobiographical Concept'. It was not easy to relate each element to a specific design aspect because the 5 elements are somehow theoretically and conceptually inter-connected each other. Even though it is very difficult to directly relate a conceptual element with a real spatial element, it is found that the 5 elements have some differences in the spatialization process. Thus, in the conclusion, this study attempted to show the unique characteristics of the Aldo Rossi's architectural design process based on his 'Autobiographical Concept'.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.43-48
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• 2009

In this study, through case studies, solar energy systems were coordinated with architectural plan elements and the others in apartment complex, and the energy performance was evaluated quantitatively through computer simulation PVSYST and RETScreen. As a results, in plan process of the application of solar energy systems in apartment complex, solar energy system should be considered as not only energy reducing technical element but also part of architectural plan element. And it must be considered with architectural plan elements, composition methods, energy storage methods, technical elements from the early basic plan stage. Photovoltaic system was installed on the wall facing the south and rooftop. The energy ratio of electric load was shown to be 5.5%. The result showed 7.2% when adding it to shading device additionally, and 6.4% in case of putting extra translucent module on windows. Active solar collecting system was applied on roof with the angle of 45. Maximum number of solar collector was 10 in a row, and the total solar collecting area was $915.00m^2$. The energy ratio of domestic water heating load by active solar hot water system is shown to be 11.4%.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.7 no.4 s.17
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• pp.151-163
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• 1998

This Study is concerned with the color design of Korean and Japanese wooden architecture. The main subject of the study is to investigate the commonness and difference of color decoration between Korean and Japanese Buddhist 'Danchung' in the modern ages. In carrying this study into execution, I examined the architectural and historical backgrounds, and analysed the elements, techniques and principles of color design. The result of this study is as follows ; 1. 'Danchung' was originated from the practical functions in Chinese wooden architecture, and developed to embody sensuous beauty in Buddhist temple. The techniques and principles of color design and color tone of Korean and japanese Danchung had been similar in the ancient ages. But little by little they have differed in its function and color tone. So they are very different in modern times. 2. The dominant colors of Korean Danchung are red and green as 'Sang-nok Ha-dan(上綠下丹)', but Japanese's is only red as 'Bak-gan Juk-sun(白間赤線)' 3. Korean Danchung expresses and accentuates the important structural elements in three dimensions, on the other hand japanese Danchung takes two dimensional decoration on the unstructural elements 4. When seen in general, in Korean Danchung colors and their light and shade are simple and patternized. In the meantime, Japanese Danchung has many configurational expressions in general and is closed to paintings or picture.