• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.35-51
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• 2002

This study is on the architectural planning and factors for secondary schools. The methods in the approach to the results were settled. A sample of factors that affect architectural scale design were drawn from architectural design direction for a secondary school architectural scale estimation direction. These factors arc broken into primary elements and situational elements. Primary elements include students, teachers, and time. Situational elements include public use percentage, classroom percentage, unit area, coefficient of utilization, etc. The 7 architectural planning criteria to cover changes of various architectural scale design elements are the following; 1) consideration of students selection percentage, 2) consideration of the number of teachers, 3) a variety of possible classrooms, 4) organic operation, 5) efficient time management, 6) consideration of different teaching method depending on subjects, 7) coefficient of utilization with flexibility.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.3-9
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• 2011

In this study, the change of critical elements of the design evaluation was investigated during two decades at the architectural competition which was held nationwide in Germany. Specifically, the periods of investigation span both from July 1989 to June 1990 and from July 2009 to June 2010. The results of the analysis show that the cost of construction, the maintenance cost, the design of facade and the energy conservation are being magnified for the new important elements. The images of buildings and the economic aspects are meant to be high. The frequency of the critical elements for interior spaces is approximately two times more important than those for the forms and outdoor spaces. Overall, many juries of the architectural competition in Germany were interested in the elements for interior spaces. The field of function accounts for roughly the half of four basic architectural fields such as function, others, aesthetic and construction fields. The critical elements are required persistently such as context, Circulation, organization of space, form, landscape and outdoor space design, arrangement of building, cost of construction, function, design of facade, location of main entrance. These items are regarded as the most important elements of the design evaluation at the competition. Knowing the change of critical elements of the design evaluation, we can understand the trend of architecture in Germany. The results of this study can be applied in Korea to develop the critical elements of design.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2006

In this Study, it was investigated what the critical elements of the Architectural Review by the Seoul Building Design Committee were. The critical elements selected by the members of committee were systematically analyzed. They were based on the 169 cases reviewed by the Building Design Committee. The committee consists of Professors, famous architects, architectural experts and official members. Thus, the critical elements selected by the committee can be regarded as the important criteria for the forthcoming architectural reviewing process. The critical elements selected by 960 members of the committee were classified by the frequency. The results in this study showed that the critical elements were ordered as follows: (1)floor plan, (2)landscape gardening, (3)form, (4)open space, (5)structure, (6)plan for preventing disasters, (7)circulation for men and cars, (8)facilities, (9)parking, (10)revision of drawings and documents. These criteria of the architectural evaluation established by the Seoul Building Design Committee can be applied to the fundamental preparation of the architectural review.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.117-124
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• 2019

Nonstructural elements are installed according to the function of a building, and refer to the elements other than a structural system that resists external loads. Although the nonstructural elements had the largest part of seismic loss of buildings, seismic design of buildings mainly focuses on structural system and the seismic design of nonstructural elements are rarely conducted. In this study, the seismic design provisions of nonstructural elements presented in Uniform Building Code (UBC) and International Building Code (IBC) were investigated in order to analyze the seismic design considerations of nonstructural elements presented in Korean Building Code (KBC). The results showed that the equivalent static load applied to seismic design of nonstructural elements was revised to take into consideration a total of five items such as effective ground acceleration, vertical amplification factor, response amplification factor, response modification factor, importance factor.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.47-57
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• 2018

As a preliminary step for developing vulnerability assessment model of terrorism, this study aims to deduce and classify architectural design elements of multi-use buildings to protect them from terrorism using explosives. For these objectives, eleven domestic and foreign guidelines of anti-terrorism, including RVS which is one of the commonly used tools for assessing vulnerability to terrorism, were analyzed. As results, 2 scenarios of explosive attack, 4 layers of defense, and 58 architectural design elements for risk assessment of terrorism were deduced. And the design elements were categorized into 18 groups based on their purpose and function to take into account the supplementary effects among them. Then, the design measures applicable for each element were classified into several grades on the basis of its protection or risk level. Lastly, 11 multi-use buildings were selected and investigated how the elements suggested in this study were applied to them.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.35-46
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• 2016

Purpose: This paper aims to analyse the composition system of architectural elements including shape, kinetic and material elements of kinetic facades and establish the design parameter system as a common conceptual and practical knowledge sharing platform with mechanical and electrical experts. Method: This research has been conducted in a three steps. At first, 120 cases of external shading devices are analyzed and their classification criteria have been established. Secondly geometric, kinetic and material elements are categorized in a common kinetic facade coordinates system considering environmental effects and operation method, and the applicability of combination of each element are tested. Lastly core design parameters for each element have been established in a common office building installation coordinate. Result: Geometry elements are categorized into seven geometric shapes and kinetic elements is categorized into basic linear and rotational motion and combinational folding and rolling motion. The combined set of parameters for three elements composes the whole design parameters for architectural elements of kinetic façade. Design parameters of shape elements are composed of shape, installation and arrangement parameters; design parameters for kinetic elements are composed of axis and range parameters; and design parameters of material elements are composed of thermal, lighting and color parameters.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.47-55
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• 2013

The design composition elements and the mechanical behavior of trusses have been investigated for Pratt trusses. As a result, it was determined that the design composition elements of the trusses consist of the composition of webs, the distance between joints, the chords profile, the depth of the truss, and the double chord composition. In addition, by analyzing models with a variation of elements, comprehensive features of structural behavior have been presented for variations of design of Pratt trusses. This is to provide more effective and useful design information on truss structure in the architectural and structural planning stage.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.6 s.53
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• pp.168-176
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• 2005

This study is a understanding on technological specific expression to reflect of a research institute in modern architecture. For this study, it separately reduce space program, plan program, design elements of elevation, structural system, mechanical system, building material program to its expressional elements of research institute. Also, it's arranged about a specificity that is expressed for technology each plan elements of a research institute. As a result, elements what is expressive of technology on research institute are influenced an aesthetic expression, expression of an arrangement system, structural expression, expression of architectural organization, and it influences more getting feels technological specificity expressed an aesthetic, structural system, architectural composition, mechanical distribution system in order of their magnitude. This is offered suggestion what must be an achievable complex both a simply technological expression and aesthetic expression.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.6 s.59
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• pp.60-67
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• 2006

In modem days when architectural materials have grave impacts on overall design expression, materials for architecture, especially finishing materials have become the most essential elements for the design expression, as architectural space and form have been. When it comes to the architectural materials, they can be conceived by visual and tactile sensory system and perceptional system which based on memory and experience. This study confirms how materials bring into effect on architecture in the sense of its design. The main subject of this analysis is expression method of architectural finishing materials. Also, this study finds out the relationship between finishing materials and the images of materials by analyzing the effect factor of architectural material expression with the perspectives of materials, formal and environments and by examining roles of the architectural materials in design. The material factor, in the expression of materiality, is how to make tectonic space and to vary the surface of building as finishing material design. The formal factor is related to set up the new direction in the architectural form and to create the dynamic and informal space. And the social and cultural environment as the effect factor gives new situation and context to architectural material expression. This principle enables us to use architectural materials as one of the important elements which express the whole characteristics of the area.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.53-60
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• 2018

When planning buildings, safety should be considered as a priority over any other performance. The study aims to derive and systematize elements that can be reflected in the design stage, which affects the safety of construction workers and building users. The elements for safety of workers are classified by type of work, and the elements for safety of users are classified by fields. Elements that are difficult to be reflected in design stage or those whose effects are insignificant are excluded. In addition, application scenarios have been proposed for each element so that the elements created in this study can be directly applied and utilized in practice. This will contribute to lowering the accident rate of construction projects by evaluating the harmful risks of construction projects at the design stage.