• Architectural research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2015

For more than 100 years, American skyscrapers got along with the change of Modern architecture. However, high-rise building can not be regarded anymore as a monopoly of America. The purpose of this study is to clarify the aesthetic characteristics of Asian high-rise buildings. Basic concepts on the aesthetic and artistic expression of high-rise building have been discussed, emphasizing the importance of artistic characteristic. A brief introduction on the rise of Asian high-rise buildings also summarized in terms of changing trends for decades from 1970s. Among the 75 buildings in Asian countries out of 100 tallest buildings in the world, 10 buildings are selected to clarify the artistic characteristics which can be presented as an Asian trend in 21st century. The results can be summarized as follows; It was from 1990s that the Asian high-rise buildings began to express a specific regional aesthetics as a trend of post-modernism. Conventional ideas, traditional objects, and regional shapes and patterns are good instruments to successfully represent their national prides. Religions in Chinese and Islamic culture are popular motifs in Asian countries as well as feng shui and conventional idea of five primary elements. Traditional objects like pagoda and minaret are good precedents that can provide friendly recognized vertical objects. Many other interesting cases can be found referring to the traditional shapes and patterns like Chinese character, geometric pattern, Islamic sign, etc.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2017

In a hot water system using solar energy, solar heat is not simply collected by the heat collecting plate, but by heat exchange between the solar collector (flat or vacuum type) and the hot water storage tank. Therefore, the amount of collected solar energy depends on the hot water usage patterns that determine the temperature of the thermal storage tank. Also, if the temperature of the hot water stored in the storage tank exceeds the dangerous temperature during the summer, the heat must be released for safety. If the temperature of the hot water in the storage tank is low, it is necessary to heat by the auxiliary heat source. In this study, three buildings are defined as hotel, swimming pool, and school facilities. And we calculated the released heat energy, auxiliary heat source, and pure storage heat energy based on different hot water usage patterns and installation angle of the solar collectors.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.241-258
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• 2012

The need for long-span members increases gradually in recent years, which makes issues not only on ultimate strength but also on excessive deflection of horizontal members important. In building structures, the post-tension methods with unbonded tendons are often used for long-span members to solve deflection problems. Previous studies on prestressed flexural members with unbonded tendons, however, were mostly focused on the ultimate strength. For this reason, their approaches are either impossible or very difficult to be implemented for serviceability check such as deflection, tendons stress, etc. Therefore, this study proposed a flexural behavior model for post-tensioned members with unbonded tendons that can predict the initial behavior, before and after cracking, service load behavior and ultimate strength. The applicability and accuracy of the proposed model were also verified by comparing with various types of test results including internally and externally post-tensioned members, a wide range of reinforcement ratios and different loading patterns. The comparison showed that the proposed model very accurately estimated both the flexural behavior and strength for these members. Particularly, the proposed model well reflected the effect of various loading patterns, and also provided good estimation on the flexural behavior of excessively reinforced members that could often occur during reinforcing work.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2018

The elderly are more likely to experience passive emotions such as loneliness, anxiety, and depression due to decreased physiological function and low participation in social activities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to seek how to apply biophilic design from a healing perspective considering mental health to the residential space for the elderly. Biophilic design has a positive effect on the psychological stability of human being and the creation of a human-centered environment that provides various benefits to people's health through the combination with natural elements. The method of this study is as follows. First, survey tools are developed by reviewing literature related to biophilic design and planning factors in housing. Second, we conduct the survey around mental health status and preference of applying biophilic design patterns to the elderly and pre-elderly. Third, we propose a plan to apply biophilic design patterns in houses based on the analyzed results. The biophilic design pattern covered in this study is meaningful in that it seeks clues, the housing plan to create healing environment for the elderly with the nature friendly view.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.1157-1176
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• 2015

This study presents optimizing structural topology patterns using regularization of Heaviside function. The present method needs not filtering process to typical SIMP method. Using the penalty formulation of the SIMP approach, a topology optimization problem is formulated in co-operation, i.e., couple-signals, with design variable values of discrete elements and a regularized Heaviside step function. The regularization of discontinuous material distributions is a key scheme in order to improve the numerical problems of material topology optimization with 0 (void)-1 (solid) solutions. The weak forms of an equilibrium equation are expressed using a coupled regularized Heaviside function to evaluate sensitivity analysis. Numerical results show that the incorporation of the regularized Heaviside function and the SIMP leads to convergent solutions. This method is tested using several examples of a linear elastostatic structure. It demonstrates that improved optimal solutions can be obtained without the additional use of sensitivity filtering to improve the discontinuous 0-1 solutions, which have generally been used in material topology optimization problems.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제28호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2001

Mario Botta is one of the modern architects who established his own architectural world on the basis of the architectural spirit of Modernism. His works have been a good theme not only for those who study architecture but also for those who study the relationship between architecture and the surrounding environment and there have been many published papers and reports on his works. However, most of them stressed on the importance of the external appearance of architecture or on the relationship between architecture and the surrounding environment. There have been relatively few studies that have dealt intensively with interior space. The aim of this study is to find the characteristics of interior space in public buildings that were designed by Botta and to analyze them from the view design principles and design elements. For this purpose, the five most important public buildings were selected and the public space of the building like the central hall, the lobby, and the foyer were analyzed. Through this study, the followings are realized. A) Spatial features: $\circled1$ Refined and graceful interiors where the principle of symmetry was applied, $\circled2$ Centripetal interiors surrounded by thick walls, $\circled3$ Interior design lit by skylights above the central area, B) Formative features: $\circled1$ The shapes of the external and internal spaces are identical, $\circled2$ Simple geometrical shapes were applied in defining the shapes of internal spaces, $\circled3$ Skylights and light wells were combined and were utilized as form elements, $\circled4$ Architectural vocabularies of Corbusier such as stairs, round pillars, and bridges were developed and utilized, $\circled5$ Utilized the geometry that resembled his architecture as a form element to the furniture, C) material pattern features: $\circled1$ Plainly expressed the patterns of bricks that appear in the course of construction, $\circled2$ Made and used horizontal stripe patterns using stones of different colors.

• 인지과학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.75-84
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• 1996

본 논문에서는 필기체 숫자 인식 프로그램을 설계하는데 있어서의 구조적인 면의 중요성을 강조하고 두가지 구조적 설계에 대해서 기술한다.첫째로는 숫자 인식 프로그램에 대한 모듈러 설계를 기술하고 그에 대한 이점들을 기술한다.첫째로는 숫자 인식 프로그렘에 대한 모듈러 설계를 기술하고 그에 대한 이점들을 기술한다.이러한 구조에서 인식기는 10개의 이진 부인식기로 구성되어있으며,각각의 부인식기는 단지 하나의 부류에 대해서만 책임을 진다.규칙기반 휸련과 신경망 기반 훈련을 기술한다. 둘째로는 두개 혹은 그 이상의 인식기를 파이프라인으로 연결하였다.파이프라인에서 두번째 인식기는 첫번째 인식기에서 인식된 패턴을 검증하는 역할을 담당하거나,첫번째 인식기에서 거부된 패턴을 재인시하는 역할을 담당한다.이제까지 얻어진 실험결과는 제안된 구조설계의 장점을 보여주고 있다.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.154-159
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• 2010

Various decorative patterns and sculptures found in antique architectures like palace architecture and temple architecture are not only valuable assets of our culture but have religious meaning at the same time and show aesthetic aspiration and desire of Korean people. In this study, potential application of patterns in textile industry is suggested based on the reconstructed and patternized geometric patterns of window grids, a decorative element in architecture, and stair and stair somaetdol, a architectural element in Buddhist temples, using Photoshop and Illustrator program of Adobe INC AND Tex-pro program of Youngwoo CNI INC. All around the world today, efforts to reinterpret unique and antique architectures and cultural assets in a modern way has been increasing. Decorative patterns displayed in Buddhist temple architectures which are antique Korean architectures have excellent geometric aesthetic value. And the development potential of patternizing these elements into modern designs is high. Therefore, it is thought to be possible to develop high value-added fabric and to develop various fashion items including apparel and interior decoration based on modern reinterpretation of patterns of window grid and decorative elements of stairs and stair somaetol that are part of our antique architectures.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the compositional elements of plan of art museums by selecting architectural works, which have strong symbolic meaning when evaluating value, from architectural works by Louis Kahn. First, the centrality of artworks, which are being displayed at the Yale Art Gallery, is complex. It includes three patterns of Void (spatial) Centrality+Symbolic Centrality+Functional Centrality among the five patterns suggested in this study. Second, the ratio system of interior space, which is expressed in the extension of the Yale Art Gallery, can be classified into the floor and walls. The floor used the square 1:1 ratio system. The ceiling used the grid patterns of equilateral triangles (regular tetrahedrons). It was applying a geometric ratio system when creating forms by using one side as a beam and the other sides as decorations of the ceiling. Third, the contours of interior space, which were expressed in Kahn's works, used the method of forming separate space according to the contouring rule (structural unit) defined by columns, and they were used in constructing the entire space through the integration of separate spaces. Fourth, according to the characteristics that were expressed by artworks displayed within the Yale Art Gallery Extension, the concept of accessibility was not as clear as that of residential buildings, because an approach of respecting existing architecture and context was used, rather than the starting point of interior space, or differentiated circulation, which has the function of a determined position.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to present an integrated analysis for energy use and its patterns as vertical locations of the dwelling units in apartment buildings which are located in an urban area and constructed by a renowned contractor. In order to enhance the effectiveness of the method, the original data of electricity, water, and gas bills which directly reflect the energy use are sorted and analyzed into several groups as vertical locations in each building. And also, by use of comparing and contrasting the data on a monthly and yearly basis, the accuracy of analyses for seasonal energy use and its patterns is strengthened. Comparative analyses used in this study describe the results that vertical locations of dwelling units do not have much influence on electricity and water usage, but are closely related with gas usage for a heating season. According to the analysis of gas usage, the units on the ground and right above pilotis need enhancement in the insulations for heating to mitigate energy loss. Also, the analysis for the middle floor units in each group describe the fact that the gas usage of the units on the ground is consumes 1.5 times greater than that of the typical floors. Therefore, enhanced insulation strategies need to be considered against the adverse condition that the heat loss increases as the wall facing the outside air increases or as the wind velocity increases through the pilotis.