• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.255-266
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• 2017

In this study, self-supporting roofing elements especially convenient for large-span structures such as stadium, airport terminal, mall, coliseum, etc. were examined with respect to critical buckling load. These elements were assumed as laminated composite plates and, variation of free-edge forms, cutout types and lamination configurations were used as design parameters. Based on the architectural feature and structural requirements, the effects of curvilinear free-edge form on critical buckling load were focused on in this research. Within this scope, 14 types of lamination configuration were specified according to various orientation angle, number and thickness of plies with a constant value of total plate thickness. Besides that, 6 different types of cutout and 3 different free-edge forms were determined. By combining all these parameters 294 different critical buckling load analyses were performed by using ANSYS Mechanical software based on finite element method. Effects of those parameters on critical buckling load were evaluated referring to the obtained results. According to the results presented here, it may be concluded that lamination conditions have more significant influence on the critical buckling load values than the other parameters. On the other hand, it is perceived that curvilinear free-edge forms explicitly undergo changings depending on lamination conditions. For future work, existence of delamination might be considered and progression of the defect could be investigated by using non-linear analysis.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.69-74
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• 2013

It is difficult to apply a design standard uniformly to university buildings because various education courses are conducted. However, a design guideline for saving energy is necessary in order to prepare for low-energy days. A library in any university is one of the buildings that a lot of people use and most of the energy is spent. Therefore, the investigation on the energy savings of library facilities is very important and urgent. This study finally presents the design guideline of those facilities for low-energy. In this paper, the trend of space layout, utilization schedule and performance of materials are investigated, and the impact on energy savings and effective energy saving strategies are analyzed and illustrated by energy simulation. As a result of energy analysis from the case of 'H' university, it is confirmed that the utilization schedule effects mostly to energy consumption and the layout and orientation of the rooms in the library are the major parameters. Among the investigated saving strategies, green roofs are found as the most effective part for heating energy savings, and outdoor air cooling is known as the most effective method for cooling energy savings.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2009

The energy usage and the economical feasibility of the typical two story office building in the three urban locations of South Korea are evaluated as the eight orientations. The smallest energy consume is shown at the true south. The ranges of the low energy consume are $-3l5^{\circ}{\sim}0^{\circ}\;and\;-135^{\circ}{\sim}-180^{\circ}$. There are obvious advantages of passive solar designs such as using a fully glazed facade at the true south in the building. The General Low voltage plan is the effective way for the office building when does not required the high voltage electricity. The energy cost of KEPCO is compared to that of XCEL ENERGY. The portion of the customer charge of XCEL ENERGY is about 10% but it is about 50% of the total tariff of KEPCO. The effective way to save the energy cost is by reducing the operating energy of XCEL ENERGY plane but the most effective way is reduce the contracting energy of KEPCO plane.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2014

This research aims to orientation for new ways to improve school safety environment composition : The first study was the survey of various literature and status on primary school safety has been established in residential developments in urban areas were investigated and analyzed. This study was constructed as follows : The first chapter of the study is composed with the purpose, contents and configuration of study, definitions of terms, and consists of a limitation of such studies. And in chapter 2, we define such concepts, the range of school safety incidents. In Chapter 3, the nation's school safety situation was investigated, And in the fourth chapter introduced the practice of foreign school safety plan, Chapter 5 was to provide direction for future school safety and accident prevention plan. Including 12 new elementary school in Dongbaek district and Dongtan New-Town 20 new elementary schools in the metropolitan area of New-City were examined for safety issues, such as the environment of school, school zones, school premises form compositions and its outdoor and indoor facilities. This study was aimed at some of the nation's metropolitan New Town Elementary School. Therefore, there is a limit to this generalization. Also planned construction safety plan elements for the indoor facilities are further studies are needed for this hayeoteumeuro excluded. In addition, the architectural planning elements of the school safety needs additional studies is excluded.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.303-308
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• 2009

In 2008, the global photovoltaic(PV) market reached 5.6GW and the cumulative PV power installed totalled almost 15GW compared to 9GW in 2007. Due to a favourable feed-in-tariff, Korea emerged in 2008 as the 4th largest PV market worldwide. PV power installation rose 495.5 percent to 268MW in 2008 compare to 45MW in 2007. However many PV systems are not installed in suitable part which is concerned about geometrical factor. It is generally recognized that the actual output of PV system in field is a function of orientation, tilt angle, irradiance, temperature, soiling and various system-related losses. Thus this paper shows that a experimental result of PV modules(A group) with uniform azimuth angle and PV modules(B group) with non-uniform azimuth angle. As a result, the electrical output of B group is decreased 48.8% as compared with electrical output of A group.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

The University students learn their major or a general education in lecture rooms. In these days, lecturer use frequently various multimedia in lecture room. Appropriate control lighting environment in lecture room should be essential and related in efficient studying. Daylighting on front-side of lecture room will cause glare and students are hard to read contents on white-board at their seat. Therefore, in order to preventing glare we simulated daylighting of lecture room with using computer software in this study. Results from simulation and analysis as follows: The first, if students' left-side is east-oriented in lecture room, best daylighting condition about glare in lecture room. The second, architectural designers can use simulation data of daylighting or simulate data in designing university buildings with lecture rooms. Finally, if reducing size of windows (narrow and deep daylight: more closing vertically, from up to down daylighting: more closing horizontally) we will be able to reduce energy from lecture room.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.84-97
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and potential applications of utilizing bifacial photovoltaic (PV) panels from an architectural perspective. It also aimed to establish a foundational dataset for installation and operational guidelines for bifacial PV panels through a comparative analysis of energy production performance with single PV panels. The research encompassed several key steps, including a comprehensive literature review, calculation of solar surface radiation values, development of datasets for bifacial and single PV energy production, and a performance comparison between both approaches. The results of the study show that bifacial PV panels exhibit optimized energy production capabilities within the range of 40 to 80 degrees, contingent upon the specific installation location. Consequently, it is recommended that the installation of bifacial PV panels in Korea should primarily focus on southwest-to-west orientation. Furthermore, it was concluded that bifacial PV panels could contribute an equivalent or even superior level of energy production compared to single PV panels, even if their performance exhibited a marginally lower efficiency of 2% to 5% with an 18% power generation efficiency.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2007

The present study reports a simple unbonded-type shear strengthening technique for reinforced concrete beams using wire rope units. Fifteen beams failed in shear were repaired and strengthened with wire rope units, and then retested to failure. Influence of the prestressing force, orientation and spacing of wire rope units on the shear behavior of strengthened beams having shear span-to-depth ratios of 1.5, 2.5, or 3.25 were investigated. Test results showed that beams strengthened with wire rope units exhibited a higher shear strength and a larger post-failure deformation than the corresponding original beams. Inclined wire rope units was more effective for shear strength enhancement than vertical wire rope units. The increase of the prestressing force in wire rope units causes the decrease of the principal tensile stress in concrete, as a result, the diagonal tensile cracking strength of strengthened beams was higher than that of the corresponding original beams. Shear capacity of strengthened beams is compared with predictions obtained from ACI 318-05 and EC 2. Shear capacity of strengthened beams having shear span-to-depth ratio below 2.5 is reasonably predicted using ACI 318-05 formula. On the other hand, EC 2 overestimates the shear transfer capacity of wire rope units for beams having shear span-to-depth ratio above 2.5.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.822-827
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• 2019

There is a high demand for off-base dwellings around Camp Humphreys in Pyeongtaek in accordance with the USFK base relocation project, but their residential planning needs to reflect their requirements. On the other hand, no studies that examined their requirements directly have been found. This study examined the requirements of USFK stationed in Camp Humphreys to identify their requirements. In general, residential planning requires a determination of the demand-based location and size, identification of the facility elements required for the site plan, and analysis of detailed architectural planning elements required for the building plan. Among these, preference analysis of the off-base dwelling demand, location, and site planning elements were performed in this study, and the architectural planning elements were left as following studies. The analysis showed that the demand for off-base dwellings is high, rental houses are preferred, and the commuting time is the most important factor in the location. In addition, while enjoying urban convenience, the location of the foothills near nature is preferred, the importance of the orientation is low and living with Koreans is not a problem. In addition, the demands for exercise facilities in the complex are relatively high.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.27-38
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• 2015

In this study, the 3D position coordinates were calculated for the targets using DLT and self-calibration bundle adjustment with additional parameters in close-range photogrammetry. And then, the accuracy of the results were analysed. For this purpose, the results of camera calibration and orientation parameters were calculated for each images by performing reference surveying using total station though the composition of experimental conditions attached numerous targets. To analyze the accuracy, 3D position coordinates were calculated for targets that has been identically selected and compared with the reference coordinates obtained from a total station. For the image coordinate measurement of the stereo images, we performed the ellipse fitting procedure for measuring the center point of the circular target. And then, the results were utilized for the image coordinate for targets. As a results from experiments, position coordinates calculated by the stereo images-based photogrammetry have resulted out the deviation of less than an average 4mm within the maximum error range of less than about 1cm. From this result, it is expected that the stereo images-based photogrammetry would be used to field of various close-range photogrammetry required for precise accuracy.