• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.42-54
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to critically examine the result and the quality of urban park design as infrastructure by analyzing the landscape architectural design competition for Cheongna New City, which was organized by the Korea Land Corporation. This paper is meaningful in that it broadly examines several recent design competitions for urban parks, thereby discussing what the future urban park should be. This study explores the existing analysis methods of design competitions in order to establish a comprehensive method of analysis for the Cheongna competition. Through reinterpreting the concept of the urban park as infrastructure and the design strategies of landscape urbanism, nine key words and a framework for the analysis of urban park design are established. By analyzing the guidelines for the competition, five key words; networking, site, ecology, scale, and infrastructure have been selected and are used as the framework of analysis for the competition. The analysis of the contestants of the competition based on the proposed analysis method leads to a few implications for urban park design as infrastructure: networking and scale from the perspective of the development site; the creation of a sense of place and symbolism in creating the urban image; planning for an ecological urban environment; focus on the significance of the urban park as infrastructure. These implications are highlighted and discussed by the contestants through a variety of experiments. These ideas, however, are provided as a simple configuration of shapes and conceptual explanations and fail to be developed into synthetic, practical strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.323-332
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• 2019

Non-curable rubberized polymer asphalt waterproof coating materials in Korea and China are manufactured without advanced quality control techniques and common standard, And they are exposed consistent water leakage problems. Import and application of Korean waterproofing products and installation methods is difficult in the present situation as the Chinese standard(JC/T 2428) is different in nature with the Korean counterpart products, And quality assurance is inevitable based on mutual standards. In order to resolve this issue, alternatives such as using standards provided by the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) are generally employed, but there is no such ISO standard as a waterproof material for non-curable rubberized polymer asphalt material. Furthermore, it is unreasonable to develop the ISO standard for rubber asphalt seals for exchange in terms of time and cost. This study proposes that the establishment of a quality standard that can be applied for both countries will be required via an joint international standard that outlines the properties of materials if applied in mutual trade exchange.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.165-171
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• 2013

YoungDo bridge is the first suspension bridge in Busan which experienced several times repair and reinforcement after completion in 1934. The bridge is under demolition for extension and restoration work since 2011. The purpose of this research is to establish data base about modern concrete. The mix design of the concrete is like that cement : fine aggregate : coarse aggregate = 1 : 2 : 4 or 1 : 3 : 6 by the parts. The compressive strength is in the ranges from 50 to 55 MPa and the elastic modulus is in the ranges from 25 to 35 GPa. From the fact that the deviation is less than 10 %, considerably high quality control was conducted in those days. The carbonation depth is 5.92 cm at the bridge post and 14.3 cm at the machine room. That is why ocean environment keeps the high humidity. The diffusion coefficient of chloride ion through the pores in concrete is 1.052e-12 $m^2/s$ from the regression analysis using the experiment data. The water cement ration is estimated at approximately 35 % in case if the concrete using ordinary Portland cement.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.51 no.10
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• pp.875-886
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• 2018

This study evaluated drought severity by bivariate frequency analysis using drought magnitude and precipitation deficit. A drought event was defined by Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the precipitation deficit was estimated using reference precipitation corresponding to the SPI -1. In previous studies, drought magnitude and duration were used for bivariate frequency analysis. However, since these two variables have a largely linear relationship, extensibility of drought information is not great compared to the univariate frequency analysis for each variable. In the case of drought in 2015, return periods of 'drought magnitude-precipitation deficit' in the Seoul, Yangpyeong, and Chungju indicated severe drought over 300 years. However, the result of 'drought magnitude-duration' showed a significant difference by evaluating the return period of about 10, 50, and 50 years. Although a drought including the rainy season was seriously lacking in precipitation, drought magnitude did not adequately represent the severity of the absolute lack of precipitation. This showed that there is a limit to expressing the actual severity of drought. The results of frequency analysis for 'drought magnitude-precipitation deficit' include the absolute deficit of precipitation information, so which could consider being a useful indicator to cope with drought.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.310-318
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• 2016

This study examined the correlation between microscopic factors and pedestrian volume in an urban environment, focusing on the microscopic factors that stimulate the pedestrian volume, such as density, diversity, network structure, accessibility, and the form of lots and buildings. In particular, factors already known to boost the pedestrian volume include density, diversity and accessibility, which are three variables strongly related to the concept of the 3Ds (Density, Diversity, Design) proposed by Cervero and Kockelman (1997) and the additional 2Ds (Distance to Transit, Destination Accessibility) suggested by Ewing et al. (2008). The analysis in this study was based on the 2010 survey of the floating population in Seoul, particularly on the data from Jongro-gu and Jung-gu in Gangbuk area. Data were established by analyzing the microscopic factors within a 500m radius around each of the 1,028 spots from which the pedestrian volume in Jongro-gu and Jung-gu was measured. The analysis showed that density, diversity and accessibility, three factors that were already known to be effective in increasing pedestrian volume, also have the same effect in Jongro-gu and Jung-gu.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.683-692
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• 2005

Java specification states that all accesses to an object must be checked at runtime if object refers to null. Since Java is an object-oriented language, object accesses are frequent enough to make null pointer checks affect the performance significantly. In order to reduce the performance degradation, there have been attempts to remove redundant null pointer checks. For example, in a Java environment where a just-in-time (JIT) compiler is used, the JIT compiler removes redundant null pointer check code via code analysis. This paper proposes a technique to remove additional null pointer check code that could not be removed by previous JIT compilation techniques, via early null pointer check using an architectural feature called predication. Generally, null point check code consists of two instructions: a compare and a branch. Our idea is moving the compare instruction that is usually located just before an use of an object, to the point right after the object is defined so that the total number of compare instructions is reduced. This results in reduction of dynamic and static compare instructions by 3.21$\%$ and 1.98$\%$. respectively, in SPECjvm98 bechmarks, compared to the code that has already been optimized by previous null pointer check elimination techniques. Its performance impact on an Itanium machine is an improvement of 0.32$\%$.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.189-199
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• 2021

In order to increase the self-reliance rate of new and renewable energy in order to respond to the mandatory domestic zero-energy buildings, the taller the building, the more limited the site area, and installing PV modules on the roof is not enough. Therefore, BIPV (Building integrated photovoltaic, hereinafter BIPV) is the industry receiving the most attention as a core energy source that can realize zero-energy buildings. Therefore, this study conducted a survey on the problems of the BIPV industry in a self-discussing method for experts with more than 10 years of experience of designers, builders, product manufacturers, and maintainers in order to suggest the right direction and revitalize the BIPV industry. Industrial problems of BIPV adjustment are drawn extention range of standard and certification for products, range improvement for current small condition of various kind productions, need to revise standards for capable of accomodating roof-type, color-module and louver-module, necessary of barrier in flow of foreign modules into korea through domestic certification mandatory, difficulty in obtaining BIPV information, request to prevent confusion among participants by exact guidelime about architectural application part of BIPV, and lack of the BIPV definition clearness, support policy, etc. Based on the improvements needed for the elements, giving change and competitiveness impacts aims to present and propose counter measures and direction.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.567-578
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• 2021

In this study, the physicochemical properties of 21 wall fragments and rooftile pieces excavated from Jeseoksa Dump-site were analyzed, and the possibility of heat exposure, such as the fire reported in the literature, was investigated by estimating the firing temperature. From the results, it was estimated that the rooftiles were composed of refined materials, and the walls were composed of materials having different particle sizes depending on the layer. Unlike ordinary rooftiles and walls, they exhibited an uneven surface with traces of bloating phenomenon in the cross section. It was estimated from the blackening of some portions that firing was not performed in a controlled state in a constant firing environment. In addition, the estimated firing temperature showed that the non-overfired rooftiles had endured a firing temperature of 900℃ or less, but the over-fired samples were subjected to a temperature of 1,000℃ or higher and were fired at a temperature higher than the manufacturing temperature at that time. Additionally, the rooftiles probably became defective during firing or molding at the time of production, but the non-overfired rooftiles exhibited an intact shape and showed the possibility of heat exposure due to fire. Therefore, the analytical results of this study confirm that the defective architectural components damaged by the fire, as reported in the literature, were discarded in the Jeseoksa dump-site.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.433-443
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• 2021

Value Engineering(VE) is an organized effort to create the most value through a functional analysis and creation of alternatives. Depending on the VE job plan, a VE Workshop must be performed in a certain place within a certain period of time. A VE Workshop, which is an organized activity that aims to create the best value through functional analysis and creation of alternatives, should be held in a certain place and at a scheduled time according to the VE job plan. In the Pre-Study, VE Study and Post-Study phases of VE, functional assessments, performance evaluations and idea evaluations are driven by variable management techniques and analysis methods, respectively. Generally, VE is executed for about 3 to 5 days in a particular place to create value. However, there are many problems associated with limiting all VE processes to a specific place and schedule. Moreover, in Korea, VE teams are required to finish all VE processes in a limited time because of the short duration of VE workshops, the necessity of which has been overlooked. Therefore, an efficient VE support system is required to resolve the problem of time and space limitations. In this study, a VE support system based on the Mobile environment was developed to support the VE Workshop process. This VE support system enables participants to review design documents, drawing sheets and all VE-related documents using mobile devices. After the Workshop, participants can conveniently rearrange the result(evaluation of function and ideas) at the workshop. Not only can the members of VE team can review the design documents, drawing sheet and all VE-related documents in the step before the workshop, but also the result(evaluation of function and ideas) of the workshop can be easily rearranged in the phase after the workshop under the developed supporting system using mobile devices.

• Korea Real Estate Review
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.23-35
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• 2018

The shared-office business started with the lending of office spaces such as meeting rooms. From this came the coworking space, which maximizes the collaboration among the residents and promotes synergy among them. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of the coworking space. In addition, this study derived the factors that are considered important among the hardware- and software-level operating components, and presented the priorities according to the importance through a questionnaire survey and analysis for the employees currently utilizing a coworking space. For the results of the analysis, the top elements in the survey were found to be "spatial composition," "membership management," coworking management," and "architectural elements." In addition, when the general items were analyzed according to their characteristics, it was found that there was a difference in priority level among the elements of each characteristic. These results are expected to be useful when designing coworking spaces in the future. The results of this study can be used as the basic data for solving the problems of small companies and the environment, among others. Furthermore, the results of this study can be utilized as the basic data for the development of a collective shared community through linking at the local or national level, rather than being limited to a single space.