• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 1989

The suffering damage of persons and properties from fires has become large sized in modem society that buildings are rapidly higher, denser and more complex. Especially, in the building fires, it is recently the most important issue that the treatment of smoke which is the hardest hindrance in escape. Therefore, as effective exhaust matter of smoke or poisonous gas is connected directly, synthetic, fundamental fire prevention countermeasure must be achieved after mutual connections between architecture and mechanical system and requlations ars sufficiently examinated. From this studies, 1 show the structure computation data which can be applied to smoke venting plan and architectural design for safety after find necessity and point at issue of prevention plan of fires by examinating statistical data about cause and damage situation.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.490-497
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• 2007

A Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) are themselves a significant source of water pollution. Therefore, the control of urban drainage for CSOs reduction and receiving water quality protection is needed. Examples in combined sewer systems include downstream storage facilities that detain runoff during periods of high flow and allow the detained water to be conveyed by an interceptor sewer to a centralized treatment plant during periods of low flow. The design of such facilities as stormwater detention storage is highly dependant on the temporal variability of storage capacity available (which is influenced by the duration of interevent dry periods) as well as the infiltration capacity of soil and recovery of depression storage. As a result, a continuous approach is required to adequately size such facilities. This study for the continuous long-term analysis of urban drainage system used analytical probabilistic model based on derived probability distribution theory. As an alternative to the modeling of urban drainage system for planning or screening level analysis of runoff control alternatives, this model have evolved that offer much ease and flexibility in terms of computation while considering long-term meteorology. This study presented rainfall and runoff characteristics of the subject area using analytical probabilistic model. This study presented the average annual COSs and number of COSs when the interceptor capacity is in the range $3{\times}DWF$ (dry weather flow). Also, calculated the average annual mass of pollutant lost in CSOs using Event Mean Concentration. Finally, this study presented a decision of storage volume for CSOs reduction and water quality protection.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.391-406
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• 2014

The performance of General-Purpose computation on Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU) is heavily dependent on the memory access behavior. This sensitivity is due to a combination of the underlying Massively Parallel Processing (MPP) execution model present on GPUs and the lack of architectural support to handle irregular memory access patterns. Application performance can be significantly improved by applying memory-access-pattern-aware optimizations that can exploit knowledge of the characteristics of each access pattern. In this paper, we present an algorithmic methodology to semi-automatically find the best mapping of memory accesses present in serial loop nest to underlying data-parallel architectures based on a comprehensive static memory access pattern analysis. To that end we present a simple, yet powerful, mathematical model that captures all memory access pattern information present in serial data-parallel loop nests. We then show how this model is used in practice to select the most appropriate memory space for data and to search for an appropriate thread mapping and work group size from a large design space. To evaluate the effectiveness of our methodology, we report on execution speedup using selected benchmark kernels that cover a wide range of memory access patterns commonly found in GPGPU workloads. Our experimental results are reported using the industry standard heterogeneous programming language, OpenCL, targeting the NVIDIA GT200 architecture.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2021

The act of design in landscape architecture consists of a concept within a designer's mind, technical representations, and finally, a process of construction. In the 4th Industrial Revolution, the design process is facing many changes due to the rapid development of computer technology and the IT ecosystem. Computer technology was initially developed for simple functions, such as mathematical calculation and graphic representation. However, after the spread of Personal Computers, starting with IBM and Macintosh, programming languages and hardware rapidly developed, algorithms and applications became specialized, and the purpose of using computers became very diverse. This study diagnoses issues concerning the functions and roles that new design methods, such as computational design, parametric design, and algorithmic design, can play in landscape architecture based on changes in the digital society. The study focused on the design methodology using parametric technology, which has recently received the most attention. First, the basis for discussion was developed by examining the main concepts and characteristics of parametric design in modern landscape architecture. Prior research on the use of parametric design in landscape architecture was analyzed, as were the case studies conducted by landscape design firms. As a result, it was confirmed that parametric design has not been sufficiently discussed in terms of the number and diversity of studies compared to other techniques investigated by landscape design firms. Finally, based on the discussion, the study examined specific cases and future possibilities of the parametric design in landscape architecture.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.146-161
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• 2004

There have been always some difficulties in target setting and conditioning of acoustic performances of the Korean traditional music hall due mainly to the lack of the information on the sound radiation characteristics of Korean musical sources. In this study, the radiation characteristics of four typical Korean traditional musical sources were investigated in precision and their usage was demonstrated: The selected musical sources were Gayageum (string), Daegeum (woodwind), Jango (drum), and Pansori Chang (vocal performance). Each sound source was located at the center of a semi-anechoic chamber and the directivity was determined by the measured sound pressure levels in every 10° angular position, for both vertical and horizontal directions. The directivity pattern of Gayageum varies from a uniform to a complex pattern having many side lobes with the increase of frequency. The main radiation of Daegeum is toward the upward direction. The directivity pattern of Jango is clearly a side-oriented one and the left direction intensity is sharper than its right side at low frequencies. For the Chang, the directivity pattern change from a uniform pattern to a frontally directed one as the frequency goes high. Measured directional and spectral characteristics of traditional Korean music sources were implemented into the computation of architectural acoustic measures for the Busan National Korean Traditional Music Hall which is under construction. Parameters such as RT, SPL, C80, IE, STI were calculated at two receiver positions by using a ray tracing technique. Significant differences in the acoustic measures at receiver positions were observed between the results in using the omni-directional source and the directional one. It is thought that the suggested source data and design method can be used as a basic reference in the future acoustic design of performance halls for the Korean traditional music.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.469-480
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• 2005

There have been always some difficulties in target setting and conditioning of acoustic performances or the Korean traditional music hall due mainly to the lack of the information on the sound radiation characteristics of Korean musical sources. As the 2nd experiment succeeding the previous study[1], the radiation characteristics of eight typical Korean traditional musical sources were investigated if precision. The selected musical sources were Geomungo, Haegeum (string), Piri, Taepyeongso (woodwind), Buk, Kwaengguari, Jing (drum), and male Pansori Chang (vocal Performance). The results show that the directivity pattern of each instrument is different and has their own directivity characteristics. Measured directional and spectral characteristics of traditional Korean music sources were implemented into the computation of architectural acoustic measures. Significant differences in the acoustic measures at receiver positions were observed between the results in using the omni-directional source and the directional one. In order to investigate the acoustical characteristics of the instruments depending on the spatial variation four different shapes of halls were introduced including rectangular, fan. horse-shoe and geometrical shapes. Room acoustical parameters such as RT, SPL, C80, LF, STI were calculated at each type or hall. As the results, It was found that the rectangular hall has the most high clarity. lateral energy and STI values among low shapes of halls. It is thought that the suggested source data and design method can be used as a basic reference in the future acoustic design of performance halls for the Korean traditional music.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.277-282
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• 2007

For more accurate and practical design of the residual treatment train at water treatment plants(WTPs), a computational program based on the commercial spreadsheet, Microsoft Excel, was developed. The computational program for the design of a residual treatment train(DRTT) works in three steps which estimate the residual production to be treated, analyze the mass balance, and determine the size of each unit process. Of particular interest in the DRTT program, is provision for a filter backwash recycle system consisting of surge tank and sedimentation basin for more efficient recycling of backwash water. When the DRTT program was applied to the Chungju WTP, the program was very beneficial in avoiding errors which might have occurred during arithmetic calculations and in reducing the time needed to get the output. It is anticipated that the DRTT program could be used for design of new WTPs as well as the rehabilitation of existing ones.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.123-141
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• 2017

Solving a system of linear or non-linear equations is required to analyze any kind of structures. There are many ways to solve a system of equations, and they can be classified as implicit and explicit techniques. The explicit methods eliminate round-off errors and use less memory. The dynamic relaxation method (DR) is one of the powerful and simple explicit processes. The important point is that the DR does not require to store the global stiffness matrix, for which it just uses the residual loads vector. In this paper, a new approach to the DR method is expressed. In this approach, the damping, mass and time steps are similar to those of the traditional method of dynamic relaxation. The difference of this proposed method is focused on the method of calculating the damping. The proposed method is expressed such that the time step is constant, damping is equal to zero except in steps with maximum energy and the concentrated damping can be applied to minimize the energy of system in this step. In this condition, the calculation of damping in all steps is not required. Then the volume of computation is reduced. The DR method for form-finding of membrane structures is employed in this paper. The form-finding of the three plans related to the membrane structures with different loading is considered to investigate the efficiency of the proposed method. The numerical results show that the convergence rate based on the proposed method increases in all cases than other methods.