• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1149-1154
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• 2014

Background: In Malaysia, data from the Malaysian Health Ministry showed colorectal cancer (CRC) to be the second most common type of cancer in 2007-2009, after breast cancer. The same was apparent after looking at males and females cases separately. In the present study, the Geographic Information System (GIS) was employed to describe the distribution of CRC cases in Kuala Lumpur (KL), Malaysia, according to socio-demographic factors (age, gender, ethnicity and district). Materials and Methods: This retrospective review concerned data for patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the years 1995 to 2011 collected from the Wilayah Persekutuan Health Office, taken from the cancer notification form (NCR-2), and patient medical records from the Surgical Department, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). A total of 146 cases were analyzed. All the data collected were analysed using ArcGIS version 10.0 and SPSS version 19.0. Results: Patients aged 60 to 69 years accounted for the highest proportion of cases (34.2%) and males slightly predominated 76 (52.1%), Chinese had the highest number of registered cases at 108 (74.0%) and staging revealed most cases in the 3rd and 4th stages. Kernel density analysis showed more cases are concentrated up in the northern area of Petaling and Kuala Lumpur subdistricts. Spatial global pattern analysis by average nearest neighbour resulted in nearest neighbour ratio of 0.75, with Z-score of -5.59, p value of <0.01 and the z-score of -5.59. Spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I) showed clustering significant with p<0.01, Z score 3.14 and Moran's Index of 0.007. When mapping clusters with hotspot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi), hot and cold spots were identified. Hot spot areas fell on the northeast side of KL. Conclusions: This study demonstrated significant spatial patterns of cancer incidence in KL. Knowledge about these spatial patterns can provide useful information to policymakers in the planning of screening of CRC in the targeted population and improvement of healthcare facilities to provide better treatment for CRC patients.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 2002

It has been known that the accurate estimates of 2-dimensional water quality model parameters are difficult for non-experts due to the complexity of theoretical background and input requirement and complicated inter-relationship between model Parameters. The main goal of this study is to Provide expert system for the optimal estimation of water quality model parameters, which is based on the development of chaining mechanism according to the sensitivity analysis of model parameter interactions and GUI interface system on ArcView Avenue. The selected study area is the 35.3- km main Han river starting from Paldang Dam site to the Point of Indo bridge and the tributary inflows including pollutant data are used for the system application and validation. The estimated main model parameters are 0.367 for transverse dispersion coefficient, 0.074 for and 0.162 for. It also shows that the simulated water quality constituents such as DO and BOD based on the estimated model parameters are well agreed with the observed ones. It can be concluded that the developed GIS-based expert system for water quality model parameter estimation and graphical representation of water quality analysis is useful for the scientific water quality management.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.39-59
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• 2011

To get the geologic information data such as rock resources, industrial ground, development planning and so on, distribution ratios of constituent rocks with geologic age and rock type were obtained in Gyeongnam, Ulsan and Busan areas by ArcGIS 9.3 program, digital geologic and geomorphic maps of 1 : 250,000 scale. Geologic ages and rock types in the Gyeongnam area can be divided into 6 and 40, respectively. Their distribution ratios of the geologic ages are decreasing in the order of Cretaceous, Precambrian, Quaternary, Jurassic, Triassic and Tertiary. They show the wide ranges of 1.35-57.36%, and the former makes the most dominant ratio. Major rock types are 24 ones, all of which occupy the ratio of 94.58% and relatively narrow ranges of 1.15-13.64% in the area. Among them, andesite and andesitic tuff shows the more or less dominant ratio, and separately develops in the northeast, mid east and south parts of the area. In the Ulsan area, geologic ages and rock types can be divided into 3 and II, respectively. Their distribution ratios of the geologic ages are decreasing in the order of Cretaceous, Quaternary and Triassic. They show the very wide range of 6.90-79.21%, and the former makes the most prevailing ratio. Major rock types are 9 ones, which totally occupy the ratio of 98.63% and more or less wide ranges of 1.50-39.01% in the area. Among them, Jindong formation shows the most dominant ratio, and widely develops in the inner and eastern part of the area. In the Busan area, geologic ages and rock types can be divided into 3 and 10, respectively. Their distribution ratios of the geologic ages are decreasing in the order of Cretaceous, Quaternary and Tertiary. They show the wide ranges of 6.73-47.02%, and the two former makes the most dominant ratio of 88.03%. Major rock types are 6 ones, all of which occupy the ratio of 93.02% and relatively wide ranges of 4.07-47.02% in the area. Among them, alluvium forms the most dominant ratio, which mostly develops in the lower Nagdong River, West Nagdong River and Suyeong River.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.208-216
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• 2007

Based on digital geologic and geomorphic maps of 1 : 250,000 scale, distributive ratios of rock types were obtained by ArcGIS 9.0 program in the Gyeonggi, Seoul and Incheon areas of the Gyeonggi province. In the Gyeonggi area, 37 rock types are developed, and their geologic ages can be classified into Precambrian, Age-unknown, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous and Quatemary. Among them, distributive ratios are decreasing in the order of Jurassic Daebo granites, Precambrian banded gneiss of Gyeonggi gneiss complex and Quatemary alluvium, all of which comprise about 83.7% of the rock types in the area. In the Seoul and Incheon areas, 10 and 15 rock types are developed, respectively., with the firmer being classified into Precambrian, Jurassic and Quatemary, and the latter into Precambrian, Jurassic, Cretaceous and Quatemary. In the Seoul area, distributive ratios are decreasing in the order of banded gneiss of Gyeonggi gneiss complex, Daebo granites and alluvium, which consist of 95.5% of the rocks in the area. In the Incheon area, distributive ratios are decreasing in the order of alluvium, Daebo granites, banded gneiss of Gyeonggi gneiss complex, reclaimed land, and schists of Gyeonggi gneiss complex, which occupy about 96.2% of the rocks in the area. The ratio of alluvium in the Incheon area is greater than that of Gyeonggi and Seoul areas, and the ratio of reclaimed land in the Incheon area is greater that of the Seoul, which can be attributed to the recent reclamation of the land for the industrial results such as new town development along the coastline of the Gyeonggi Bay.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 2016

Mallard and Spot-billed ducks that are typical wintering water birds use the wide rice field in the center of the water system as a wintering ground. I try to figure out the daily movement distance from Home-Range to wintering ground for mallard and spot-billed ducks in Mangyunggang, Dongjingang where located in central region. In 2015 wintering period by using a Cannon-net, I attached WT-300 to 5 mallard and 5 spot-billed ducks. Daily movement distance is an overall average 0.89km, the largest distance was 31.09km. Daily movement distance of mallard was 0.97km, the largest distance was 28.78km. Daily movement distance of Spot-billed ducks was 0.80km, the largest distance was 33.39km. Home-Range analysis is used by the SHP files that is compatible with GIS and ArcGIS 9.0 Animal Movement Extension, it was analyzed using the Minimum Convex Polygon Method (MCP) and the Kernel Density Estimation (KDE). The behavior rights of two kinds of ducks was $490.34km^2$ by Minimum Convex Polygon Method (MCP) ($SD=311.20km^2N=10$), an important habitats Kernel Density Estimation (KDE 50%) was $42.24km^2$. Home-Range of Mallard (MCP) was $568.02km^2$, it is wider than home-range(MCP) of spot-billed duck $397.13km^2$ relatively, the core habitats of mallard is $53.05km^2$, it is wider than mallard's core habitats(KDE 50%) $29.26km^2$ relatively.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.169-185
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• 2016

Recently mean stand height has been added as new attribute to forest type maps, but it is often too costly and time consuming to manually measure 9,100,000 points from countrywide stereo aerial photos. In addition, tree heights are frequently measured around tombs and forest edges, which are poor representations of the interior tree stand. This work proposes an estimation of mean stand height using an image-based point cloud, which was extracted from stereo aerial photo with FUSION S/W. Then, a digital terrain model was created by filtering the DSM point cloud and subtracting the DTM from DSM, resulting in nDSM, which represents object heights (buildings, trees, etc.). The RMSE was calculated to compare differences in tree heights between those observed and extracted from the nDSM. The resulting RMSE of average total plot height was 0.96 m. Individual tree heights of the whole study site area were extracted using the USDA Forest Service's FUSION S/W. Finally, mean stand height was produced by averaging individual tree heights in a stand polygon of the forest type map. In order to automate the mean stand height extraction using photogrammetric methods, a module was developed as an ArcGIS add-in toolbox.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1293-1297
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• 2016

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a serious problem in Thailand, particularly in the northeastern and northern regions. Database of population at risk are need required for monitoring, surveillance, home health care, and home visit. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a geographic information system (GIS) database and Google map of the population at risk of CCA in Mueang Yang district, Nakhon Ratchasima province, northeastern Thailand during June to October 2015. Populations at risk were screened using the Korat CCA verbal screening test (KCVST). Software included Microsoft Excel, ArcGIS, and Google Maps. The secondary data included the point of villages, sub-district boundaries, district boundaries, point of hospital in Mueang Yang district, used for created the spatial databese. The populations at risk for CCA and opisthorchiasis were used to create an arttribute database. Data were tranfered to WGS84 UTM ZONE 48. After the conversion, all of the data were imported into Google Earth using online web pages www.earthpoint.us. Some 222 from a 4,800 population at risk for CCA constituted a high risk group. Geo-visual display available at following www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/edit?mid=zPxtcHv_iDLo.kvPpxl5mAs90&hl=th. Geo-visual display 5 layers including: layer 1, village location and number of the population at risk for CCA; layer 2, sub-district health promotion hospital in Mueang Yang district and number of opisthorchiasis; layer 3, sub-district district and the number of population at risk for CCA; layer 4, district hospital and the number of population at risk for CCA and number of opisthorchiasis; and layer 5, district and the number of population at risk for CCA and number of opisthorchiasis. This GIS database and Google map production process is suitable for further monitoring, surveillance, and home health care for CCA sufferers.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.229-240
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• 2017

Background: This study purposed to analyze the spatial accessibility of women in childbearing age to the healthcare organizations (HCOs) providing delivery services in Gangwon-do. Methods: Network analysis was applied to assess the spatial accessibility based on the travel time and road travel distance. Travel time and travel distance were measured between the location of HCOs and the centroid of the smallest administrative areas, eup, myeon, and dong in Gangwon-do. Korean Transport Database Center provided road network GIS (Geographic Information System) Database in 2015 and it was used to build the network dataset. Two types of network analysis, service area analysis and origin-destination (OD)-cost matrix analysis, applied to the created network dataset. Service area analysis defined all-accessible areas that are within a specified time, and OD-cost matrix analysis measured the least-cost paths from the HCOs to the centroids. The visualization of the number of the HCOs and the number of women in childbearing age on the Ganwon-do map and network analysis were performed with ArcGIS ver. 10.0 (ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA). Results: Twenty HCOs were providing delivery services in Gangwon-do in 2016. Over 50% of the women in childbearing age were aged more than 35 years. Service area analysis found that 89.56% of Gangwon-do area took less than 60 minutes to reach any types of HCOs. For tertiary hospitals, about 74.37% of Gangwon-do area took more than 60 minutes. Except Wonju-si and Hoengseong-gun, other regions took more than 60 minutes to reach the tertiary hospital. Especially, Goseong-gun, Donghae-si, Samcheok-si, Sokcho-si, Yanggu-gun, Cheorwon-gun, and Taebaek-si took more than 100 minutes to the tertiary hospital. Conclusion: This study provided that the accessibility toward the tertiary hospital was limited and it may cause problems in high-risk delivery patients such as over 35 years. Health policy makers will need to handle the obstetric accessibility issues in Gangwon-do.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.162-173
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• 2009

Information on the expected geographical shift of suitable zones for growing crops under future climate is a starting point of adaptation planning in agriculture and is attracting much concern from policy makers as well as researchers. Few practical schemes have been developed, however, because of the difficulty in implementing the site-selection concept at an analytical level. In this study, we suggest site-selection criteria for quality Fuji apple production and integrate geospatial data and information available in public domains (e.g., digital elevation model, digital soil maps, digital climate maps, and predictive models for agroclimate and fruit quality) to implement this concept on a GIS platform. Primary criterion for selecting sites suitable for Fuji apple production includes land cover, topography, and soil texture. When the primary criterion is satisfied, climatic conditions such as the length of frost free season, freezing risk during the overwintering period, and the late frost risk in spring are tested as the secondary criterion. Finally, the third criterion checks for fruit quality such as color and shape. Land attributes related to these factors in each criterion were implemented in ArcGIS environment as relevant raster layers for spatial analysis, and retrieval procedures were automated by writing programs compatible with ArcGIS. This scheme was applied to the A1B projected climates for South Korea in the future normal years (2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2100) as well as the current climate condition observed in 1971-2000 for selecting the sites suitable for quality Fuji apple production in each period. Results showed that this scheme can figure out the geographical shift of suitable zones at landscape scales as well as the latitudinal shift of northern limit for cultivation at national or regional scales.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.sup3
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• pp.27-32
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• 2016

Stomach cancer, the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death through the world, is very common in parts of Iran. Geographic variation in the incidence of stomach cancer is due to many different factors. The aim of this study was to assess the geographical and spatial distribution of stomach cancer in Iran using data from the cancer registry program in Iran for the year 2009. The reported incidences of stomach cancer for different provinces were standardized to the world population structure. ArcGIS software was used to analyse the data. Hot spots and high risk areas were determined using spatial analysis (Getis-Ord Gi). Hot and cold spots were determined as more than or less than 2 standard deviations from the national average, respectively. A significance level of 0.10 was used for statistical judgment. In 2009, a total of 6,886 cases of stomach cancers were reported of which 4,891 were in men and 1,995 in women (standardized incidence rates of 19.2 and 10.0, respectively, per 100,000 population). The results showed that stomach cancer was concentrated mainly in northwest of the country in both men and women. In women, northwest provinces such as Ardebil, East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Gilan, and Qazvin were identified as hot spots (p<0.1). In men, all northwest provinces, Ardabil, East Azerbaijan, Gilan, Qazvin, Zanjan and Kurdistan, the incidences were higher than the national average and these were identified as hot spots (P<0.01). As stomach cancer is clustered in the northwest of the country, further epidemiological studies are needed to identify factors contributing to this concentration.