• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.495-512
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• 2022

This study aims to design a new sizing system for hygienic masks to protect against COVID-19-related respiratory disorders. The product sizes were collected from 70 commercially available hygienic masks, and 18 head measurements were obtained from the three-dimensional (3D) scan data of 2,048 men and women aged 20 to 69 years from the 6th Size Korea Survey. The statistical analysis was performed using the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 28.0 program. The "bitragion-subnasale arc" and "menton-sellion length" were chosen as the key body dimensions for the hygienic mask sizing system. The linear regressions with 18 3D head measurements were analyzed, and it was determined that the key body dimensions were useful for statistically predicting other 3D head measurements related to hygienic masks. A new sizing system was proposed for two types of masks, "masks with a tight fit" and "masks with a loose fit," taking into account the existing Korean Industrial Standards (KS) and the shortcomings of the sizes of hygienic masks on the market. The sizing system for tight-fitting masks consisted of the key body dimensions, with their sizes indicated by a pair of numbers. The sizing system for loose-fitting masks consisted solely of the bitragion-subnasale arc, with their sizes denoted by letters such as S, M, and L (denoting small, medium, and large, respectively). Future studies should consider this mask sizing system for different age groups, such as children and adolescents.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.119-126
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• 2004

In recent, the critical rainfall duration concept is widely used but we do not have understandable criteria yet. However, the critical rainfall duration is usually calculated considering concentration time, runoff model using effective rainfall, and unit hydrograph for the estimation of design flood. This study is to derive the regression equations between the critical rainfall duration and hydrologic components such as the basin area, slope, length, CN, and so on. We use a GIS tool which is called the ArcView for the estimation of hydrologic components and the HEC-1 module which is provided in WMS model is used for the runoff computation. As the results, the basin area, basin slope, and basin length had a great influence on the estimations of peak runoff and critical rainfall duration. We also investigated the sensitivities for the peak runoff and critical duration of rainfall from the correlation analysis for the involved components in the runoff estimation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.303-312
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• 2009

In this paper, we design and fabricate a disk sector antenna fed by CPW fur UWB communications. Also, we insert a rectangular slit on the arc-edge of the disk sector antenna. Then, the antenna has the directivity of E-면. In order to design the antenna, the input impedance is matched with the feed line of $50{\Omega}$ as varying the physical antenna parameters, which are the radius, the flare angle of disk sector, the length of ground, and the length of ground comer near by feed tine. Dimension of the antenna designed for UWB communication is $72mm{\times}26mm$ and bandwidth through computer simulation is $3{\sim}13GHz$. From the measured results, the bandwidth is $1.98{\sim}11GHz$. Return loss and gain of the fabricated antenna are -50.38dB, 1.34dBi at 3.5GHz, -12.27dB, 3.35dBi at 5.5GHz, -23.2dB, 3.8dBi at 8GHz and -16.17dB, 5.2dBi at 10GHz, respectively.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.183-190
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• 2018

Tilting pad journal bearing is widely used for steam turbines because of its excellent dynamic stability. As the turbine capacity increases, power loss in the bearings becomes a matter of concern. Power loss in tilting pad journal bearings can be reduced by increasing the bearing clearance and reducing the pad arc length. In this study, the tilting pad journal bearing is tested by changing the seal tooth clearance to verify the static characteristics of the bearing. Bearing power loss and bearing metal temperature are evaluated to compare the bearing's performance and reliability for several test cases. The test bearing is a tilting pad journal bearing with 300.62mm inner diameter and 120.00mm active length. The bearing power loss, its metal temperature, and oil film thickness are measured and evaluated based on the rotor's rotational speed, oil flow rate, and bearing load. Test results show that a tilting pad journal bearing with large seal tooth clearance has 40% lower power loss compared with a bearing with a small seal tooth clearance. As the seal tooth clearance is increased, the power loss of the tilting pad journal bearing decreases. However, with respect to the bearing metal temperatures, a detuning point is observed that makes the minimum bearing metal temperature. Moreover, as the seal tooth clearance is increased, the oil film thickness increases due to high viscosity.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.191-196
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• 2011

Fabric extraction force measured through nozzle tester reflects a comprehensive fabric handle. Nozzle tester takes advantage of low cost, and simple and fast operating procedure compared with KES system. The paper is to develop the semi-emprical equation for assessment of the fabric handle measured with nozzle tester on the basis of friction law. The variables considered in the equation arc fabric's frictional coefficient and drape coefficient which is determined in terms of fabric bending length and shear strain. The experiment of 12 different cotton and polyester fabrics and comparisons between experimental and theoretical results were conducted. Fabrics of high frictional coefficients, high bending length, and low shear strain showed high fabric handle forces (low handle values). The handle forces predicted from the equation agreed well with those measured, which indicates that the equation can be used to objectively evaluate fabric handle with respect to fabric's own properties and also provide an information for fabric design to improve the handle performance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.83-88
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• 2004

Recently, High Tensile Steel is adapt to thin plate on the steel structure and marine structure is used widely. It is possible for buckling happens great. Specially, Initial deflection of ship structure happens in place absence necessarily by heat processing of welding or cutting etc. This Initial Deflection is exerted negative impact when thin plate absence complicated nonlinear behaviour accompanied secondary buckling. As a result, must idealize initial deflection that occurrence is possible to endow stability and accuracy in the hull structure or marine structure and reflect in early structure design considering secondary buckling. Longi direction of compressive load interacts and analyzed finite element series analysis that apply various kinds initial deflection shape measured actually on occasion that is arranged simply supported condition in this research. Applied ANSYS (elasto-plasticity large deformation finite element method) to be mediocrity finite element program for analysis method and analysis control used in Newton-Raphson method ＆ Arc-length method.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2016

Ozone has been a problem in big cities. That is secondary air pollutant produced by nitrogen oxide and VOCs in the atmosphere. In order to solve this, the first to be the analysis of the $NO_x$ and VOCs. The main source of nitrogen oxide is the road mobile. Industrial sources in Seoul are particularly low, and mobile traffics on roads are large, so 45% of total $NO_x$ are estimated that road mobile emissions in Seoul. Thus, it is necessary to clarify the relation with the activity of road mobile source and $NO_x$ concentration. In this study, we analyzed the 4 locations with roadside automatic monitoring systems in their center. The V.K.T. calculating areas are set in circles with 50 meter spacing, 50 meter to 500 meter from their center. We assumed the total V.K.T. in the set radius affect the $NO_x$ concentration in the center. We used the hourly $NO_x$ concentrations data for the 4 observation points in July for the interference of the other sources are minimized. We used the intersection traffic survey data of all direction for construction of the V.K.T. data, the mobile activities on the roads. ArcGIS application was used for calculating the length of roads in the set radius. The V.K.T. data are multiplied by segment traffic volume and length of roads. As a result, the $NO_x$ concentration can be expressed as linear function formula for V.K.T. with high predictive power. Moreover we separated background concentration and concentrations due to road mobile source. These results can be used for forecasting the effect of traffic demand management plan.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.77-87
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was designed to define the Korean norm values for the Ricketts analysis. Methods: In this longitudinal study, lateral cephalograms of 31 subjects with normal occlusion were taken biennially from ages 9-19 years. Cephalometric measurements were performed. Parameters for which the 10-year change did not exceed one standard deviation were defined as unchanged. The means and standard deviations for the measured parameters were determined for each age group. Results: No significant changes in growth were observed in the molar relationship, incisor overjet, incisor overbite, mandibular incisor extrusion, interincisor angle, lower incisor tip (B1) to A point-Pogonion (A-PO) plane, upper incisor tip (A1) to A-PO plane, B1 inclination to A-PO, A1 inclination to A-PO, B1 inclination to Frankfurt plane (FH), convexity, lower facial height, facial axis, maxillary depth, maxillary height, palatal plane to FH, cranial deflection, ramus Xi position, or porion location. Continual changes over the 10 years of growth were observed in the maxillary first molar distal position to pterygoid true vertical plane, facial depth, mandibular plane to FH, anterior cranial length, mandibular arc, and corpus length. Conclusions: Clinicians can apply the Korean norms at age 9 as determined in this study when using the Ricketts analysis. The patient's age at the beginning of treatment and their sex should be taken into consideration when drawing visual treatment objectives.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.283-289
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• 2001

Composite cathodes of 50/50 vol% LSM- YSZ (La$_{1-x}$Sr$_{x}$MnO$_3$-yttria stabilized zirconia) were deposited onto surface- Polished YSZ electrolytes by colloidal deposition technique. The cathode characteristics were then examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and studied by ac impedance spectroscopy (IS). The typical impedance spectra measured for an air/LSM- YSZ/YSZ/Pt/air cell at $700^{\circ}C$ were composed of two depressed arcs. Addition of YSZ to the LSM electrode significantly enlarged the triple-phase boundaries (TPB) length inside the electrode, which led to a pronounced decrease in cathodic resistivity of LSM-YSZ composite electrodes. Polishing the electrolyte surface to eliminate the influences of surface impurities and to enlarge the TPB length can further reduce cathode resistivity. The cathodic resistivity of the LSM- YSZ electrodes was a strong function of operation temperature, composition and particle size of cathode materials, applied current, and electrolyte surface roughness.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.78-86
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• 1992

This paper aims at investigating the effect of steel ratio and the magnitude of edge-ratio on the mechanical characteristics of reinforced concrete ring sector plate. The influence of steel bars was taken into account by coupling stiffness matrix of the steel bar element with that of the concrete plate element without dealing with separate element of steel bar and by establishing the composite stiffness matrix, which leads to the desirable result which does not increase th number of element could be obtained. Through case studies with 6 cases various steel ratios in ring sector plate supported at four edges and 4 cases with different open angles, the influence of the steel ratio was examined. A numerical analysis to find out the effect of the steel ratio d ue to above mentioned cases was carried out by 4 boundary conditions ; all edges clamped (B.C-1), all edges simply supported (B.C-2), curvilinear two edges clamped and other edges free (B.C-3) and curvilinear two edges simply supported and other edges free(B.C-4). The main results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. The effect of steel ratio on the magnitude of lateral deflection and x-directional bending moment at the center of sector plate and the midpoint of outer and inner curvilinear edges is almost the same up to $30^{\circ}$ of open angle. Beyond $30^{\circ}$ of the angle, the larger the angle, the greater the effect of ratio. 2. In design works using balanced steel ratio, the effect of steel bar can be ignored. But for larger open angles, especially greater than $90^{\circ}$, it proves desirable to consider the effect of steel bar. 3. The effect of the arc length of center circle/straight edge on lateral deflection and bending moment is remarkable in B.C-2. For larger open angle, the effect is also noted except for B.C-3 which turn out hardly affected. 4. The effect of the radius of curvature/straight side length on lateral deflection and x-directional bending moment is noted in B.C-2. As open angle increases, B.C-1 and B.C-3 almost agree and B.C-2 approaches B.C-4.