• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2023

Background: Inner Mongolia, desertification is happening due to climate change and land use alterations. In order to evaluate desert restoration effectiveness, this study compares number of species and species diversity in restored (with planted trees), unrestored area, and the reference ecosystem (Ref-E, typical steppe and woody steppe). Results: The Ref-E had the most plant species (64 taxa), while the unrestored area had the fewest (5 taxa). Among restored areas (restored in 2012, 2008, 2005), older restoration sites had more species (18-42). Similarly, species richness (3.93-0.41) and diversity (1.99-0.40) were highest in the Ref-E and lowest in unrestored areas, with older restored sites having higher values. Conclusions: More plant species and diversity in older restoration areas suggest progress toward ecosystem stabilization, approaching the Ref-E. Therefore, tree planting in Inner Mongolia's Hulunbuir semi-arid desert is a successful restoration effort.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제111권2호
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• pp.201-223
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• 2022

오늘날 급격한 기후 변화와 지속적인 인간의 개발 압력으로 멸종의 우려에 대한 심각성이 커지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라의 커다란 생태축인 백두대간 일대에서 출현하는 식물 가운데 중점적으로 보전해야할 식물 300종을 우선적으로 선정하였다. 그중 석회암 지대에 출현하는 댕강나무를 최우선 보전종으로 인식하고 이들의 식생 군집과 환경인자 특성을 구명하고자 하였다. 단양군, 영월군, 제천시 등 댕강나무 서식지 36개소를 조사지로 설정하고, 조사지 내 출현식물, 식생, 토양과 물리적 환경을 분석하였다. 조사지에서 특기할 만한 식물로 꽃꿩의다리, 덕우기름나물, 나도국수나무 등이 출현하였다. 산림식생 군락유형은 4개의 식생유형과 7개의 종군유형으로 구분되었다. 식생군집과 환경인자의 CCA 분석결과, 종합설명력 75.2%였으며 댕강나무 서식지의 환경적 특징이 세 그룹으로 구분되었다. 이 중에서 관계성이 있었던 환경인자는 해발고도, 경사, 유기물, 암석 비율, pH, 칼륨, 그리고 나트륨이었다. 조사지 내에서 꽃꿩의다리를 비롯하여 다수의 희귀식물과 특산식물이 확인되어 이들 집단을 서식지 수준에서 보전할 필요가 있다고 판단하였다. 출현 식물을 토대로 분석된 식생 유형 분류와 CCA 분석에서 댕강나무 서식지의 식생 집단의 고유성과 특이성이 재차 인정되었다. 본 연구의 결과가 댕강나무 자생지의 실증적 보전을 위한 과학적 근거자료로 활용되길 기대한다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.388-408
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• 2022

이번 연구는 멸종위기에 처한 아고산 침엽수인 가문비나무의 지형특성에 따른 지표종을 선정하고, 생물다양성 평가에 필요한 과학적 근거자료를 마련하고자 진행되었다. 남한과 중국 내 가문비나무림은 남방한계선으로 지리적 가치가 높은 지역이다. 위도는 식물생태계의 지리적 가치에 큰 영향을 미치며, 위도와 서식지의 차이는 산림의 종구성 변화에 영향을 미친다. 지리적 차이뿐 아니라 환경변화로 아고산 식물서식지는 점차 쇠퇴하여 결국 멸종위기에 처한다. 이러한 측면에서, 지리적 가치가 높은 한국과 중국의 가문비나무림에 대한 개체군 모니터링으로 지표종을 선정할 필요가 있으며, 지표종에 대한 다양한 분석을 통해 생물다양성 평가의 기초자료를 구축할 필요가 있다. 개체군 모니터링은 한국과 중국의 가문비나무림에 87개의 원형조사구(400m²)를 설치하여 수행하였고, MRPP-test, NMS ordination 등의 과정을 통해 이에 근거하여 지표종을 선정 한 후 생물다양성 평가의 기초자료를 제시하였다. 지표종분석(Indicator Species Analysis) 결과, 해발고도별 지표종으로 상층식생에서 5분류군, 하층식생에서 18분류군을 선정하였다(p<0.05). 사면방위별 지표종으로는 상층식생 3분류군, 하층식생 16분류군을 선정하였다(p<0.05). 사면경사도별 지표종으로는 상층식생 6분류군, 하층식생 24분류군을 선정하였다(p<0.05). 자생지별 지표종으로는 상층식생 8분류군과 하층식생 65분류군을 선정하였다. 지표종들에 대한 MRPP-test 결과, 상층식생보다 하층식생에서 종조성이 다소 이질적인 것으로 분석되었다. NMS ordination 결과, 상층식생의 암석노출도와 하층식생의 위도에 따라 지표종의 환경적 요인과의 상관관계가 유의한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제101권1호
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• pp.104-112
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• 2012

본 연구는 대구 경북 공립수목원내 각종 주요 시설 속성들의 개선을 위해 방문객들이 느끼는 성취도와 전반적 만족도를 조사하였으며, 이를 통해 수정 중요도를 산출하고 중요도-성취도 분석, 성취도 속성에 대한 탐색적 요인분석, 수렴된 성취도 요인과 전반적 만족도간의 회귀분석 등을 시행하였다. 그 결과, 대구수목원은 '식물과 수목원 경관' 요인이 전반적 만족도에 가장 큰 영향을 미치고 있었고, 각 속성들의 전반적인 중요도와 성취도 또한 높아 향후 지속적인 유지 노력이 필요하며, 2사분면에 위치하여 중요도는 높으나 성취도가 낮아 개선이 필요하고 회귀분석 결과 전반적 만족도에 미치는 영향도 비교적 큰 속성들로는 '안내해설판 관리상태', '화장실 수용능력', '화장실 위치' 등의 속성들이 있었다. 경상북도수목원 또한 '식물과 수목원 경관'요인에 있어 대구수목원과 유사한 결과를 보였으나 '주차장' 요인이 전반적 만족도에 미치는 영향은 상대적으로 높게 나타났고, 이중 특히, '주차장 수용능력' 속성은 중요도는 높으나 성취도가 낮은 2사분면에 위치해 있어 가장 우선적으로 해결해야할 문제로 나타났다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제111권3호
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• pp.374-384
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• 2022

본 연구는 대체에너지, 생태복원 및 밀원식물용 등으로 이용되어 묘목 수요가 증가되고 있는 쉬나무(Tetradium daniellii (Benn.) T. G. Hartley)의 우량한 용기묘 생산을 위한 적정 용기 규격(생육밀도, 용적 등)을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 적정 용기 구명 실험은 쉬나무를 임업시설양묘용 플라스틱 용기 5종(500 ml, 350 ml, 320 ml, 300 ml, 250 ml)을 사용하여 실시하였다. 실험결과, 간장과 근원경 생장은 SI 350 용기에서 현저히 높은 값을 보였으며, 대체적으로 용기 구 용적이 크고 생육밀도가 낮을수록 높은 생장을 나타냈다. 묘목의 뿌리형태특성을 측정한 결과 SI 350 용기에서 뿌리발달이 가장 왕성하게 조사되었다. 건물생산량도 SI 350에서 가장 높았고 전체적으로 간장 및 근원경 생장 결과와 유사한 경향으로 나타났다. 묘목의 품질을 나타내는 지수인 QI(Quality Index)도 SI 350 용기에서 0.97로 가장 높게 조사되었다. 연구결과를 종합하면, 쉬나무 용기묘의 우량한 묘목생산을 위한 적정 용기 종류는 SI 350 용기로 판단된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2022

This study aims to systematically review the candidate types for OECMs suitable for domestic conditions in areas related to the Korea Forest Service in order to achieve the goal of establishing the protected areas and OECMs system required by Post-2020 GBF, and to provide basic data for the establishment of the national protected areas system. As a result of the study, the selection criteria for OECMs were presented, and it was found that arboretums·botanical gardens, Natural Recreation Forests, and air holes may correspond to the Candidate Types for OECMs. As a result of evaluating the possible areas for OECMs based on the OECMs selection criteria, in the case of arboretums·botanical gardens, it is judged that only conservation areas can be designated as OECMs, except for areas mainly used by visitors of arboretums·botanical gardens that fall under the BGCI conservation type among national and public arboretums·botanical gardens. However, private and school arboretums·botanical gardens have personal property ownership, so it was judged to have no effective measures to control activities that may adversely affect biodiversity, which showed limitations in designation of OECMs. Natural Recreation Forests was found to meet the OECMs selection criteria. However, private forests have personal property ownership, which limits the designation of OECMs. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the function of in-situ conservation in order to meet the OECMs for private and school arboretums·botanical gardens, and private forests that have personal property ownership. To this end, effective measures are needed to achieve biodiversity conservation outcomes, and it is judged that legal control and corresponding support policies (incentives) are needed. In the case of air holes, for sustainable conservation, the management boundary of air holes should be clearly defined based on the preparation of laws and guidelines related to air holes. In addition, it is judged that it is desirable to designate the competent local forest office as the management authority and conduct periodic detailed surveys of air holes, establish and implement the conservation plans based on those.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 1996

The chigger mites known as the vectors of Tsutsugamushi disease seriously increased due to the expansion of their habitats by the change of farmland into idle land, arboreta and golf courses with the progress of industrialization. These mites were surveyed for their nymphs in soil of four areas located in the northern part of Kyonggido known as the outbreak areas of Tsutsugamushi disease. Total number of the chigger mites collected in the soil of four surveyed areas was 2576, and two genera and ten species including Leptotrombidium palpale were indentified. Among them L. pallidum was the dominant species with the highest occurrence rate of 62 percent. Nine species occurred on the bank of Changrungchon that has been idled for more than ten years, but six or seven species occurred in Wonhundong and Ilsandong that hans been idled for less than five years. The number of individuals collected was also higher in Changrungchon than the other sites. Seasonal occurrence of these mites showed a peak with 166 mites in November on the west slope and another with 192 mites in February on the east slope of the bank of Changrungchon, but none in June. Component ratio of individual numbers for L. palpale, L. pallidum, L. orientalis and L.scutelaris were 19, 62, 9 and 3 percent, respectively. Individual number of L. pallidum and L. scutelaris appeared to some extent of 397 and 23 mites, respetively.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.451-462
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• 1995

A comparative study on the minimal areas and the community structures in pine IPinus densiflora) and oak (Quercus mongolica) frests was carried out. Basic tools used in the present study were species diversity and classical ayntaxonomy (Z.-M. School) of the phytocoenosis. Total 120 nest-quadrats in 40 stands situated at the syngeographical region of the Lindero-Quercion mongolicae were investigated. Each stand was classified on the basis of species combination, and species abundance was computed with net contribution degree (NCD). Composition ratio of plant-from and rate of actual species diversity (ASD) to syntaxa were computed for better interpretation of the minimal areas. Four syntaxa were structured: Saso-Quercetum mongolicae, Viola albida-Quercus mongolica community, Carex hummilis-Pinus densiflora community and Juniperus rigida-Pinus densiflora community. Their minimal areas were determined as 305, 196, 169, and 81 ㎡, respectively. Aconsistent regularity between species composition ratio and community structure in the multi-layered plant community was hardly found. The minimal areas increased linearly with increasing rate of ASD, and a phytocoenosis developed by diverse arboreta in the understory and shrub-layer should be investigated with larger sampling sizes.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.289-298
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• 2019

As part of the free semester program, the 'Gardener for a day' program in the Korea National Arboretum was newly developed in 2018. The program was developed as a free semester program reflecting the works of a 'gardener' who performs the planning, preparation, maintenance and management of exhibition gardens. This 'Gardener for a day' program was applied to a total of 106 middle school students in October 2018. Educational elements were extracted from Korea National Arboretum exhibition gardens and career exploration of gardeners. The program was designed to provide education on theory and practices, including watching the gardener video, visiting the gardener booth, meeting with actual gardeners at Korea National Arboretum, visiting two exhibition gardens, and participating in three types of practical training as a gardener. A survey about program satisfaction and education was conducted after the program to analyze the students' satisfaction with the program (contents, management, instructor), free semester program (career planning, occupational attitude, independence), and education (awareness of forest biospecies, preservation will). The analysis showed that the following results: satisfaction with the program (score 4.0), free semester program (score 3.8), and education (score 4.0). Comparative analysis of the pretest-posttest questionnaires showed that there were significant educational effects in career planning, occupational attitude, and awareness of forest biospecies.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.167-180
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate effective ways to meet social and cultural interest in and needs of gardens and gardening. A total of 191 respondents who answered they were living in Gyeongnam region in the questionnaire were selected: 102 (53.4%) were males and 89 (46.6%) were females. In frequency of garden visits, 45% of the respondents answered they visited gardens once a year. Their preferred companion was family (43.6%), followed by friends/colleagues (24.3%). Their important motives of garden visits included admiration of gardens' scenery and ambience, pleasure in being outdoors, relaxing mentally and physically, and appreciation of plants. Relatively less important motives included understanding or educating about nature and environmental conservation, and interest in garden design and horticulture techniques. In the overall assessment of gardens and gardening, the quality of the establishment, management and operation of botanic gardens and arboreta in Gyeongnam region scored 3.32 scale, which was close to the level of 'fair.' Also, the respondents agreed at 3.91 scale that it was necessary to improve the garden creation, gardening, and garden culture. Meanwhile, many people in Gyeongnam region did not clearly understand differences between garden and public park, also had a very obscure perception of public garden. The results of importance-performance analysis (IPA) indicated that it is necessary to concentrate on directing and developing some programs such as admiration of beautiful and exotic plants, and education on garden culture including garden making and horticultural techniques.