• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제66권6호
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• pp.737-748
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• 2018

The current study presents a new technique in the framework of the nonlocal elasticity theory for a comprehensive buckling analysis of Euler-Bernoulli nano-beams made up of bidirectional functionally graded material (BDFGM). The mechanical properties are considered by exponential and arbitrary variations for axial and transverse directions, respectively. The various circumstances including tapering, resting on two-parameter elastic foundation, step-wise or continuous variations of axial loading, various shapes of sections with various distribution laws of mechanical properties and various boundary conditions like the multi-span beams are taken into account. As far as we know, for the first time in the current work, the buckling analyses of BDFGM nano-beams are carried out under mentioned circumstances. The critical buckling loads and mode shapes are calculated by using energy method and a new technique based on calculus of variations and collocation method. Fast convergence and excellent agreement with the known data in literature, wherever possible, presents the efficiency of proposed technique. The effects of boundary conditions, material and taper constants, foundation moduli, variable axial compression and small-scale of nano-beam on the buckling loads and mode shapes are investigated. Moreover the analytical solutions, for the simpler cases are provided in appendices.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.238-244
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• 1994

광솔리톤의 진행을 기술하는 비선형 쉬뢰딩거 방정식의 전산시늉으로 진폭과 위상의 초기조건에 따른 어두운 솔리톤의 진행특성을 연구하였다. 진행거리가 증가함에 따라 홀대칭 어두운 솔리톤은 하나의 검은 솔리톤과 어두운 정도의 부호가 서로 다른 잿빛 솔리톤의 쌍들로 분리되고 짝대칭 어두운 솔리톤은 검은 솔리톤 없이 잿빛 솔리톤의 쌍들로 분리된다. 검은 솔리톤과 잿빛 솔리톤이 인접하여 상호작용하는 경우 초기 진폭 형태는 같더라도 잿빛 솔리톤의 어두운 정도의 부호에 따라서 충돌 여부가 결정된다. 어두운 솔리톤에서는 어두운 정도에 따라 임의의 솔리톤을 형성할 수 있기 때문에 어두운 솔리톤의 에너지는 어두운 정도가 다른 어두운 솔리톤들로 분리됨을 진폭의 변화보다는 위상의 변화로부터 더 자세히 알 수 있었다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.342-348
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• 2014

In general, the forming process of the curved hull plates consists of sub tasks, such as roll bending, line heating, and triangle heating. In order to complement the automated curved hull forming system, it is necessary to develop an algorithm to classify the curved hull plates of a ship into standard shapes with respect to the techniques of forming task, such as the roll bending, the line heating, and the triangle heating. In the previous research, the classification algorithm of curved hull plates was studied only about rectangle shaped plates, and other limitations were notified. In this paper, the classification algorithm is extended to classify not only rectangle shaped plates but also arbitrary polygon hull plates. The discrete curvature can be computed by using arbitrary polygon mesh which is represented by half-edge data structure and discrete differential geometry. The algorithm tests to verify the developed algorithm with sample plates of a real ship data have been performed.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.497-506
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• 2020

본 논문에서 제안된 카멜레온형 서피스 (chameleonic surface)는 핀 아트 (pin-art) 장치로서 임의 형상 발생용 입체 디스플레이 장치이다. 슬림 텔레스코픽 액츄에이터 (slim telescopic actuator)와 고탄성의 복합 소재로 생성되는 부드럽고 연속적인 곡면 위에 동적 매핑 영상을 투사하여 사실적인 입체 형상을 연속적으로 생성할 수 있다. 슬림 텔레스코픽 액츄에이터는 적층을 위하여 긴 행정거리를 가지면서 최소 점유 면적을 가지도록 설계하였다. 3차원 형상은 다수의 슬림 텔레스코픽 액츄에이터가 고탄성 소재를 밀어서 돌출시켜서 만들어진다. 이와 같은 구조는 임의의 연속적인 곡면 형상 생성, 동적 영상 투사 및 장치 경량화 등의 장점이 있었다. 수백 개의 슬림 텔레스코픽 액츄에이터가 원활하게 동작하기 위하여 실시간 동기화가 가능한 이더캣 (EtherCAT) 통신 기반의 분산 제어기를 적용하였다. 통합 운영 소프트웨어로 돌출 형상과 입체 영상을 정합하고 다수 영상 투사기로 투사하여 실감 영상을 연속적으로 생성할 수 있었다. 실제 공연을 위하여 오페라용 콘텐츠를 제작하면서 카멜레온 서피스에 최적화하였고, 일반인들을 대상으로 상영하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2004

나노미터 크기의 임의형상 패턴을 새기기 위하여 노광기술이 사용된다. 광노광에서 자외선과 엑스레이 같은 전자기파가 나노미터 크기로 형상을 새긴 마스크 위에 조사되면 회절현상은 필연적으로 발생하며 마스크의 상이 불명확하게 웨이퍼 위에 맺히도록 한다. 볼록렌즈만이 프리어변환기 역할을 한다고 알려져 있으며 마스크 위에 패턴의 크기가 전자기파의 파장에 비교하여 매우 클 때에도 볼록렌즈를 사용하면 프리어변환시키는 것이 가능하다. 본 논문에서 설명하는 방법으로 마스크를 준비하여 렌즈 앞에 놓고 레이저 빔으로 조사하면 프리어 평면이라 알려진 평면 위에서만 나노미터 크기의 패턴이 형성된다. 이 방법은 매우 단순한 장치로 구성되어 있고, 현재 혹은 차세대 노광인 자외선/극자외선 및 전자투사노광으로 제작한 최소선폭과 비교해 볼 때 손색이 없다. 여기서는 프리어광학을 이용하여 이론적인 연구결과를 보이고 있지만 가까운 장래에 실험결과로 이론적인 접근을 증명할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.549-557
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• 2005

The requirements of multi-resolution models of feature-based solids, which represent an object at many levels of feature detail, are increasing for engineering purposes, such as analysis, network-based collaborative design, virtual prototyping and manufacturing. To provide multi-resolution models for various applications, it is essential to generate adequate solid models at varying levels of detail (LOD) after feature rearrangement, based on the LOD criteria. However, the non-commutative property of the union and subtraction Boolean operations is a severe obstacle to arbitrary feature rearrangement. To solve this problem we propose history-based Boolean operations that satisfy the commutative law between union and subtraction operations by considering the history of the Boolean operations. Because these operations guarantee the same resulting shape as the original and reasonable shapes at the intermediate LODs for an arbitrary rearrangement of its features, various LOD criteria can be applied for multi-resolution modeling in different applications.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.9-18
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• 1987

The hydrodynamic radiation forces acting on a ship travelling in waves have been conventionally treated by strip theories or by direct three dimensional approaches, most of which have been formulated in frequency domain. If the forward speed of a ship varies with time, or if its path is not a straight line, conventional frequency domain analysis can no more be used, and for these cases time domain analysis may be used. In this paper, formulations are made in time domain with applications to some problems the results of which are known in frequency domain. And the results of both domains are compared to show the characteristics and validity of time domain solutions. The radiation forces acting on a three dimensional body within the framework of a linear theory. If the linearity of entire system is assumed, radiation forces due to arbitrary ship motions can be expressed by the convolution integral of the arbitrary motion velocity and the so called impulse response function. Numerical calculations are done for some bodies of simple shapes and Series-60[$C_B=0.7$] ship model. For all cases, integral equation techniques with transient Green's function are used, and velocity or acceleration potentials are obtained as the solution of the integral equations. In liner systems, time domain solutions are related with frequency domain solutions by Fourier transform. Therefore time domain solutions are Fourier transformed by suitable relations and the results are compared with various frequency domain solutions, which show good agreements.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2017

Structural pipe frames are usually manufactured by complex processes, in which a straight pipe with an arbitrary cross-section is prepared via a roll-forming process and then fabricated into three-dimensional shapes by a secondary process. These conventional processes have low productivity. Recently, the inefficiency of the conventional processes has created the need to develop new forming technologies. In this study, a new incremental roll-forming process is proposed. The study is aimed at verifying the feasibility of the proposed process and investigating the fundamental process parameters using finite-element simulations. The result of the simulation demonstrates that the proposed process can be used effectively for cold fabrication of various shapes of structural pipes. In addition, the result of the investigation of parameters shows that the forming amount, number of roll sets, and distance between roll sets are significant factors to be considered in resolving dimensional errors of the product and improving its quality.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.23-49
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• 2007

Wavelet transforms are the emerging signal-processing tools for damage identification and time-frequency localization. A small perturbation in a static or dynamic displacement profile could be captured using multi-resolution technique of wavelet analysis. The paper presents the wavelet analysis of damaged linear structural elements using DB4 or BIOR6.8 family of wavelets. Starting with a localized reduction of EI at the mid-span of a simply supported beam, damage modeling is done for a typical steel and reinforced concrete beam element. Rotation and curvature mode shapes are found to be the improved indicators of damage and when these are coupled with wavelet analysis, a clear picture of damage singularity emerges. In the steel beam, the damage is modeled as a rotational spring and for an RC section, moment curvature relationship is used to compute the effective EI. Wavelet analysis is performed for these damage models for displacement, rotation and curvature mode shapes as well as static deformation profiles. It is shown that all the damage indicators like displacement, slope and curvature are magnified under higher modes. A localization scheme with arbitrary location of curvature nodes within a pseudo span is developed for steady state dynamic loads, such that curvature response and damages are maximized and the scheme is numerically tested and proved.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.340-347
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• 2015

Multi-pass shape drawing is used to manufacture long products of arbitrary cross-sectional shapes. This process allows smooth surface finishes and closely controlled dimensions of the cross-sectional shape. Tube shape drawing for hollow type products provides material savings and weight reduction. The intermediate die shapes are very important in multi-pass tube shape drawing. In the current paper, the design method for the intermediate dies in a tube shape drawing process is developed using a die offset for corner filling (DOCF) method. Underfill defects are related to the radial velocity distribution of each divided section in the deformation zone. The developed intermediate die shape design was applied to the two-pass tube shape drawing with fixed mandrel for manufacturing a hollow linear motion (LM) guide rail. The proposed design method led to uniform and steady metal flow at each divided section. FE-simulations and experiments were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in multi-pass tube shape drawing process.