• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.70-76
• /
• 2017

Dendranthema spp are distributed in various regions in Korea. This report is the quantitative results of phenolic compounds on the 5 resources collected from all over the country. It was known that it has phenolic compounds, as an anticoagulant activities and immunoadjuvant activity of contribute to the cardiovascular effects. This was used for quantitative analysis of chlorogenic acid(CA), 3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid(3,5-DCA), 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid(4,5-DCA) and linarin, with UPLC-PDA and LC-IT-TOF-MS. Extraction efficiency of compounds was compared by using ultrasonic extraction and reflux extraction with different extraction conditions (methods and time). In 50% MeOH extracs (30 mins) of Dendranthema zawadskii (Herb.) Tzvelev (SDZ), Dendranthema zawadskii var. yezoense (Maek.) Y.M.Lee & H.J.Choi (NDZ), Dendranthema zawadskii (Herb.) Tzvelev var. teuisectum (Kitag.) J. H. Pak (GDZ), Dendranthema careanum (H. $L{\acute{e}}v$. & Vaniot) Vorosch. (HDC) and Dendranthema zawadskii var. tenuisectum Kitag (PDZ), chlorogenic acid contents were 1.14‰, 6.95‰, 7.27‰, 1.47‰ and 2.64‰, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid contents were 3.30‰, 5.60‰, 10.81‰, 2.67‰ and 1.50‰, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid contents were 0.74‰, 1.93‰, 3.36‰, 0.61‰ and 0.43‰ and linarin contents were 3.90‰, 10.15‰, 0.15‰, 0.73‰ and 0.21‰, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.27 no.8
• /
• pp.1539-1548
• /
• 2017

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic pathogen that commonly causes fatal infections in cystic fibrosis and burn patients as well as in patients who are hospitalized or have impaired immune systems. P. aeruginosa infections are difficult to treat owing to the high resistance of the pathogen to conventional antibiotics. Despite several efforts, no effective prophylactic vaccines against P. aeruginosa are currently available. In this study, we investigated the activity of the CIA06 adjuvant system, which is composed of alum and de-O-acylated lipooligosaccharide, on a P. aeruginosa outer membrane protein (OMP) antigen vaccine in mice. The results indicated that CIA06 significantly increased the antigen-specific IgG titers and opsonophagocytic activity of immune sera against P. aeruginosa. In addition, the antibodies induced by the CIA06-adjuvanted vaccine exhibited higher cross-reactivity with heterologous P. aeruginosa strains. Finally, mice immunized with the CIA06-adjuvanted vaccine were effectively protected from lethal P. aeruginosa challenge. Based on these data, we suggest that the CIA06 adjuvant system might be used to promote the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the P. aeruginosa OMP vaccine.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.258-264
• /
• 2018

A study was performed to analyze the biochemical composition (moisture, protein, fat, ash, salt value, iron, calcium and phosphorus) of raw and salted hilsa. Pure (with less than 1% impurities) and clean dry salt was used (fish weight : salt weight = 3 : 1) for salting the hilsa. The nutrients values of the hilsa from two different regions were significantly (p < 0.05) varied. The biochemical compositions were also different before and after the processing of the hilsa. Riverine hilsa contains relatively more moisture ($57.79{\pm}0.51%$) and protein ($15.65{\pm}0.50%$) than marine hilsa. Fat ($16.39{\pm}0.51%$) and salt ($1.80{\pm}0.14%$) contents are higher in marine hilsa; whereas the ash ($7.88{\pm}0.35%$) content was higher in the riverine hilsa. Minerals like iron ($4.92{\pm}0.32mg/100g$) and calcium ($480.02{\pm}6.73mg/100g$) remain in large amounts in the marine hilsa, but the phosphorus ($112.36{\pm}4.40mg/100g$) content remains at a high level in the riverine hilsa. In addition, the protein (raw condition, $18.54{\pm}0.46%$, riverine; $17.12{\pm}0.42%$, marine and salted condition, $32.54{\pm}0.5%$, riverine; $27.31{\pm}0.48%$, marine) and fat (raw condition, $15.41{\pm}0.46%$, riverine; $19.07{\pm}0.51%$, marine and salted condition, $11.58{\pm}0.39%$, riverine; $13.6{\pm}0.55%$, marine) contents were higher in the abdominal region of the riverine and marine hilsa both in the raw and salted conditions than in the head and caudal region.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.54 no.6
• /
• pp.422-430
• /
• 2021

Objectives: Pregnant women are especially vulnerable to respiratory infections such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but insufficient research has investigated pregnancy and its outcomes in women with COVID-19. This cross-sectional study compared birth outcomes related to COVID-19 between Bangladeshi pregnant women with and without COVID-19. Methods: The study was conducted at 3 tertiary referral hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from March to August 2020. Pregnant women admitted for delivery at these hospitals with laboratory results (reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction) were analyzed. Using convenience sampling, we included 70 COVID-19-positive and 140 COVID-19-negative pregnant women. Trained and experienced midwives conducted the interviews. Data were analyzed using the t-test, the chi-square test, and univariate and multivariable linear and logistic regression. Results: Pregnant women with COVID-19 were more likely to give birth to a preterm baby (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06 to 4.37) and undergo a cesarean section (aOR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.51 to 7.07). There were no significant differences in birth weight, premature rupture of membranes, and the Apgar score at 1 minute or 5 minutes post-delivery between women with and without COVID-19. All the newborn babies who were born to COVID-19-positive women were COVID-19-negative. Conclusions: Our study suggests that pregnant women with COVID-19 were more likely to give birth to a preterm baby and undergo a cesarean section. For this reason, physicians should be particularly cautious to minimize adverse birth outcomes among pregnant women with COVID-19 and their newborn babies.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.41.1-41.12
• /
• 2020

Background: The poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, is a serious problem in the laying hen industry worldwide. Currently, the foremost control method for D. gallinae is the implementation of integrated pest management, the effective application of which necessitates a precise monitoring method. Objectives: The aim of the study was to propose an accurate monitoring method with a reliable protocol for caged-layer poultry farms, and to suggest an objective classification for assessing D. gallinae infestation on caged-layer poultry farms according to the number of mites collected using the developed monitoring method. Methods: We compared the numbers of mites collected from corrugated cardboard traps, regarding with length of sampling periods, sampling sites on cage, and sampling positions in farm buildings. The study also compared the mean numbers of mites collected by the developed method with the infestation levels using by the conventional monitoring methods in 37 caged-layer farm buildings. Results: The statistical validation provided the suitable monitoring method that the traps were installed for 2 days on feed boxes at 27 sampling points which included three vertical levels across nine equally divided zones of farms. Using this monitoring method, the D. gallinae infestation level can be assessed objectively on caged-layer poultry farms. Moreover, the method is more sensitive than the conventional method in detecting very small populations of mites. Conclusions: This method can be used to identify the initial stages of D. gallinae infestation in the caged-layer poultry farms, and therefore, will contribute to establishment of effective control strategies for this mite.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.155-168
• /
• 2002

Purpose; Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) is an autoimmune disease with multi-system involvement and renal damage is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Renal involvement is more common and severe in children than in adults. Therefore, renal biopsy plays a crucial role in planning effective therapy. In this study, we investigated the clinical and pathological findings of lupus nephritis in children to aid clinical care of the disease. Methods: The clinical and pathological data of 40 patients who were diagnosed as SLE with renal involvement in Shinchon Severance Hospital from Jan. 1990 to Sep. 2002 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The ratio of male to female patients was 1:3 and the median age at diagnosis was 12.1(2-18) years old. FANA(95.0%), anti-ds DNA antibody(87.5%), malar rash(80.0%) were the most common findings among the classification criteria by ARA. Microscopic hematuria with proteinuria(75.0%), nephrotic syndrome(55.0%), and microscopic hematuria alone(15.0%) were the most common renal presentations in the respective order at diagnosis. There were 27 cases with WHO class IV lupus nephritis confirmed by renal biopsy and 3 cases with pathological changes of WHO class type. Different treatment modalities were carried out : prednisolone only in 5 cases, prednisol-one+azat-hioprine in 9 cases, prednisolone+azathioprine+intravenous cyclophosphamide in 14 cases, prednisolone+cyclosporine A+intravenous cyclophosphamide in 12 cases, plasma exchange in 9 cases and intravenous gamma-globulin in 2 cases. The average follow-up period was $51.8{\pm}40.5$ months. During $51.8{\pm}40.5$ months. During follow-up, 4 patients expired. The risk factors associated with mortality were male, WHO class IV and acute renal failure at diagnosis. Conclusion: Renal involvement was noted in 63.5% of childhood SLE, and 67.5% of renal lesion was WHO class IV lupus nephritis which is known to be associated with a poor prognosis. Therefore aggressive treatment employing immunosuppressant during the early stages of disease could be helpful in improving long-term prognosis. But careful attention should be given to optimize the treatment due to unique problems associated with growth, psychosocial development and gonadal toxicity, especially in children.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.55 no.1
• /
• pp.9-12
• /
• 2015

Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae is a causative agent of swine dysentery that is responsible for death and economic losses in the pig industry. It is imperative that clinical samples be delivered fresh for accurate diagnosis. The viability and DNA detection of B. hyodysenteriae using lab-made (phosphate buffered saline and modified tryptic soy broth) or commercial transport media (C, D, and E) were compared by culturing and real-time PCR at $4^{\circ}C$ or room temperature (RT), respectively. B. hyodysenteriae grown in D (Anaerobe Systems, USA) and E (Starplex Scientific, Canada) media was viable for 4 days at $4^{\circ}C$ and RT. However, B. hyodysenteriae in A, B, and C (culture swab; BD Biosciences, USA) media were not recovered after 2 days at RT. Ct values for real-time PCR at $4^{\circ}C$ and RT ranged from $27.2{\pm}2.1$ (C) to $29.6{\pm}0.5$ (B), and $28.0{\pm}0.9$ (E) to $30.2{\pm}1.5$ (B), respectively. Considering the field conditions, it is important that transport media is used for specimen isolation and PCR to obtain an accurate diagnosis of swine dysentery.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.539-549
• /
• 2016

This study analyzed ship's passing characteristics in relation with incoming and outgoing routes in Yeosu Gwangyang Port, and examined the risk factors and measures for safety management of marine traffic. The number of passing ships in Yeosu Gwangyang Port was about 60,000 ships annually based on 2014, and the tonnage rose 73% from 447,000 thousand tons in 2005 to 770,000 thousand tons in 2014. Actually, the number of large passing ships was revealed to enormously increase. As a result of marine traffic survey in Yeosu Gwangyang Port for three days in August 2015, daily average passing ships were 408 ships, and 77% of the total passing ships passed between 04:00 and 20:00. The chemical ships and general cargo ships took up the most at 58% of the total incoming and outgoing ships, followed by other work ships at 21%, tankers at 8%, fishing vessels at 7.5% and container ships at 5.5%. Concerning the size of passing ships, ships less than 1,000 tons accounted for 58.6% of the total passing ships. Ships of 1,000-5,000 tons were 20.1%, and those of 5,000-10,000 tons were 6.8%, and more than 10,000 tons were 14.4%. Especially, ships of 500 tons and less using mainly coastal passing routes took up 49% of the total passing ships. As for ship's passage ratio by route, Nakpo sea area where many routes meet accounted for 27.2%, specified area 49%, costal route 8%, specified area's incoming and outgoing sea area around Daedo 4.5%, and Dolsan coastal ara and Kumhodo sea area 8.5%. The number of ships standing by for anchoring in the six designated anchorages was 230 for three days. The standby rate for anchoring was 25% based on the specified area passing ships. In Nakpo sea area, where many routes meet, parallel passing and cross passing between ships occurred the most frequently. In the specified area, many cases, in which incoming and outgoing cargo ships at the starting and ending parts and incoming and outgoing work ships and fishing vessels at the coastal routes cross, took place. Consequently, the following measures are urgently needed: active passing management in the Nakpo sea area, where passing routes are complex, specified areas and costal traffic routes, the elimination of rocks in the route close to Myodo, an effort to improve routes including shallow depth area dredging, and rational safety management for small work ships frequently incoming and outgoing the passing routes of large ships, and fishing vessels operated in the sea areas around those passing routes.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.51 no.3
• /
• pp.263-271
• /
• 2019

In this study, we examined the immunostimulating characteristics of a hot water extract (RCW) and crude polysaccharides (RCP) of red cabbage. RCW and RCP did not show any cytotoxicity in B16BL6 cells and macrophages. Although the sugar compositions of RCW and RCP were similar, the uronic acid content of RCP was higher than that of RCW RCP significantly increased the production of various cytokines and NO, whereas RCW did not affect the production of cytokines and NO. In an ex vivo assay of natural killer (NK) cell activity, intravenous (i.v.) administration of RCP significantly augmented NK cytotoxicity against Yac-1 tumor cells at 3 days after RCP treatment. In an experimental lung metastasis model using B16BL6 melanoma cells, i.v. administration of RCP at a dose of $1,000{\mu}g$ per mouse significantly inhibited 47.3% of lung metastasis. These results suggest that crude polysaccharide isolated from red cabbage is a promising food ingredient for the prevention of tumor metastasis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.15
• /
• pp.6627-6632
• /
• 2015

Background: We conducted a study exploring the clinical safety and efficacy of decitabine in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), combined with a complex karyotype. Materials and Methods: From April 2009 to September 2013, a total of 35 patients with AML/MDS combined with a complex karyotype diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were included for retrospective analysis. All patients were treated with decitabine alone ($20mg/m^2$ daily for 5 days) or combination AAG chemotherapy (Acla 20mg qod*4d, Ara-C $10mg/m^2$ q12h*7d, G-CSF $300{\mu}g$ qd, the dose of G-CSF adjusted to the amount in blood routinely). Results: In 35 patients, 15 exhibited a complete response (CR), and 6 a partial response (PR), the overall response rate (CR+PR) being 60% (21 of 35). Median disease-free survival was 18 months and overall survival was 14 months. In the 15 MDS patients with a complex karyotype, the CR rate was 53.3% (8 of 15); in 20 AML patients with complex karyotype, the overall response rate was 65% (13 of 20). The response rate of decitabine alone (22 cases) was 56.5% (13 of 22), while in the combination chemotherapy group (13 cases), the effective rate was 61.5% (8 of 13)(P>0.05). There are 15 patients with chromosome 7 aberration, after treatment with decitabine, 7 CR, 3 PR, overall response rate was 66.7% (10 of 15). Of 18 patients with 3 to 5 kinds of chromosomal abnormalities, 66.7% demonstrated a response; of 17 with more than 5 chromosomal abnormalities, 52.9% had a response. In the total of 35 patients, with one course (23 patients) and ${\geq}$two courses (12 patients), the overall response rate was 40.9% and 92.3% (P<0.05). Grade III to IV hematological toxicity was observed in 27 cases (75%). Grade III to IV infections were clinically documented in 7 (20%). Grades I to II non-hematological toxicity were infections (18 patients), haematuria (2 patients), and bleeding (3 patients). With follow-up until September 2013, 7 patients were surviving, 18 had died and 10 were lost to follow-up. In the 6 cases who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) all were still relapse-free survivors. Conclusions: Decitabine alone or combination with AAG can improve outcome of AML/MDS with a complex karyotype, there being no significant difference decitabine in inducing remission rates in patients with different karyotype. Increasing the number of courses can improve efficiency. This approach with fewer treatment side effects in patients with a better tolerance should be employed in order to create an improved subsequent chance for HSCT.