• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.256-267
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the functional ingredients of Perilla Frutescens L. Britt extracts and to confirm the possibility of producing PVA nanofibers using extracts. Distilled water, 3% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and ethanol were used as extraction solvents. The electrospinning was carried out at a PVA concentration of 12%, an applied voltage of 10 kV and a tip to collector distance of 15cm. The contents of volatile substances, essential oils, total polyphenols and flavonoids of the extracts were measured to examine the constituents of functional materials. Flavor components and esters were identified in 3% sodium hydroxide and ethanol extracts. The content of polyphenols and flavonoids in ethanol extracts was higher than that of medicinal plants. 1wt.% of Tween 20 was added to disperse the essential oil components of the ethanol extract. Addition of a dispersant made it possible to produce a homogeneous mixture by having some compatibility with the ethanol extracts and the PVA molecule. When the concentration of the ethanol extract was 0.25 and 0.5wt%, relatively uniform PVA nanofiber having an average diameter of 350 to 365nm could be produced. The results of FT-IR, XRD and DSC analysis confirmed that Perilla Frutescens L. Britt ethanol extract was well mixed with PVA molecules and was electrospun.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권24호
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• pp.10613-10619
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• 2015

Background: Both alcohol and aqueous extracts of Sauromatum giganteum(Engl.) Cusimano and Hett, the dried root tuber of which is named Baifuzi in Chinese, have been used for folklore treatment of cancer in Northeast of China. However, little is known about which is most suitable to the cancer therapy. Materials and Methods: Serum pharmacology and MTT assays were adopted to detect the effects of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Sauromatum giganteum(Engl.) Cusimano and Hett, prepared by heat reflux methods, on proliferation of different cancer cells. Results: Cancer cells treated with medium supplemented with 10%, 20%, 40% serum(v/v) containing ethanol extract had a decline in viability, with inhibition rates of 7.69%, 21.8%, 41.9% in MCF-7 cells, 42.8%, 48.1%, 51.8% in SGC-7901 cells, 44.1%, 49.2%, 53.7% in SMMC-7721 cells, 6.8%, 15.2%, 39.8% in HepG2 cells, 7.57%, 16.3%, 36.2% in HeLa cells, 6.24%, 12.5%, 27.4% in A549 cells, and 7.20%, 17.5%, 31.3% in MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. Viability in the aqueous extract groups was no different with that of controls. Conclusions: An ethanol extract of Sauromatum giganteum(Engl.) Cusimano and Hett inhibited the proliferation of SMMC-7721, SGC-7901 and MCF-7 cells, which supports the use of alcoholic but not aqueous extracts for control of sensive cancers, which might include hepatocarcinoma, gastric cancer and breast cancer.

• 약학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.455-462
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• 2000

To investigate how the aqueous extracts of Epimedium koreanum Nakai (EK) affects pigmentation of skin, the aqueous extract of EK at various concentrations were incubated with 1 $\times$ 10$^{5}$ melanoma cells per well for 72 h. The morphology and number of cell line were not changed, but the aqueous extract of EK increased the tyrosinase activity and the content of melanin polymer in the cell line. These results indicate that the aqueous extract of EK promotes melanogenesis of Bl6 mouse melanoma cell line.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.333-337
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• 2003

맥엽과 이를 이용한 항산화 조성물을 제조하여 이에 존재하는 nitrite scavenging효과와 이에 따른 발암원으로 부터의 보호 효과를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 맥엽과 항산화 조성물 모두 수층에 비하여 메탄올층에서 아질산염 소거능이 2배 이상 높게 나타나 M-BL50의 0.01 mg/ml 농도에서 약 64.3%, M-AM 0.01 mg/ml 처리군이 이보다 약간 높은 68.3% 정도로 나타내었다. 마우스 단핵구 기원인RAW 264.7(macrophage, mouse)에 맥엽과 항산화 조성물의 수층과 메탄올층을 처리하고 세포 생존율을 측정한 결과 수층 처리군에 비해 메탄올층 처리군에서 모두 세포 생존율이 더 낮게 측정되었으며 모든 시료에서 농도의존적으로 세포 증식이 억제되었다. 특히, M-AM을 처리한 군의 경우 모든 농도에서 가장 낮은 세포 생존율을 나타내어 항산화물 첨가에 의해 세포 증식 억제 효과가 상승됨을 알 수 있었으며 $IC_{50}$ 수치 또한 메탄올층과 A-AM시료 처리군에서 현저히 낮은 수치를 나타내었다. 또한 세포 내 아질산염 소거능을 측정한 결과 역시 마찬가지로 맥엽 입자 크기에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않았으며 수층 처리군에 비해 메탄올층 처리군과 항산화물을 첨가한 군에서 모두 높은 소거능을 나타내어 맥엽 및 기타 항산화물을 섭취함으로써 체내에서의 니트로사민 생성을 억제시킬 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.156-164
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• 1987

밭 주요(主要) 우점잡초(優占雜草)의 allelopathy 작용성(作用性)을 수추출물(水抽出物)과 methanol 추출물(抽出物) 및 잡초건조분말(雜草乾燥粉沫)에 의해서 조사(調査)하였다. 2%(w/v) 수추출물(水抽出物)로 가장 큰 발아(發芽) 및 생장억제(生長抑制)를 보인 잡초(雜草)는 무우에 대해서는 쑥, 참깨에 대해서는 쇠비름이었다. 냉이의 2%(w/v) 수추출물(水抽出物)은 두 검정식물(檢定植物) 모두에 대하여 저해효과(沮害效果)가 컸다. 쑥의 2%(w/v) methanol 추출물(抽出物)은 무우의 발아(發芽) 및 조묘생장(助苗生長)을 완전(完全)히 억제(抑制)하였다. 참깨의 발아(發芽) 및 유묘생장(幼苗生長)을 약 90% 이상 저해(沮害)한 2%(w/v) methanol 추출물(抽出物)은 쑥, 쇠비름 및 토끼풀이었다. 추출물(抽出物)에 의한 억제효과(抑制效果)는 추출용매(抽出溶媒), 잡초초종(雜草草種) 및 검정식물(檢定植物)에 따라 다르며, 이는 잡초종내(雜草種內)에 함유(含有)한 생장억제물질(生長抑制物質)에 차이(差異)가 있음을 나타내었다. 추출물(抽出物)에 의한 생장억제효과(生長抑制效果)는 추출물(抽出物)의 pH 및 수분(水分)포텐샬의 차이(差異)에서 기인(基因)되지는 않았다. 검정식물(檢定植物)의 발아(發芽)와 생장억제(生長抑制)는 allelopathy 작용성(作用性)이 있는 4종(種)의 잡초추출물(雜草抽出物)의 처리농도(處理濃度) 증가(增加)와 함께 증대(增大)되었다. 토양(土壤)에 혼화(混和)된 쑥과 쇠비름의 건조분말(乾燥粉沫)은 냉이와 토끼풀보다 무의 발아(發芽) 및 유묘생장(幼苗生長)에 대하여 더 큰 저해효과(沮害效果)를 나타내었다.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.252-259
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• 2006

본 실험은 electron spin/paramagnetic resonance(ESR/EPR)를 이용하여 기존의 DPPH free radical 소거 활성을 측정하였고, 이를 해조류 유래 천연자원으로부터 새로운 항산화물질을 탐색하는데 적용해 보았다. 연구 결과, 녹조류 추출물에서는 참홑파래, 납작파래 및 청각의 고온 메탄올 추출물에서만 약간의 라디칼 소거활성을 나타내었고, 이 외의 추출물에서는 소거활성이 거의 보이지 않았다. 갈조류는 총 71개의 추출물 중 37개의 추출물에서 80% 이상의 소거율을 보여 아주 우수한 항산화 물질을 가진 family로 여겨지며, 특히 모자반류 (Sargassum spp.)는 수용성과 메탄올, 고온과 상온의 모든 추출물에서 높은 라디칼 소거 활성을 보여 앞으로의 신소재 물질 후보로 선별되었다. 홍조류에서는 수용성보다는 메탄올 추출물에서 대체적으로 높은 소거활성이 검색되어, 나중에는 유기용매 분획물을 제조하여 라디칼 소거능을 측정 할 수 있을 것이다. 이처럼 해조류는 라키칼 소거 능력을 가지는 성분을 여러 형태로 다량으로 함유 하고 있는 것으로 사료 되며 앞으로의 연구에 기대가치를 더해 줄 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.15-22
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• 1999

This study investigated the mordanting effect of natural mordants such as camellia ash, bean chaff ash and pyrolignite of iron(Iron(II) Acetate) on silk fabrics dyed with green tea extracts. Experimental variables include the conditions of extraction and dyeing, and types of natural mordants. Inorganic ion contents In natural mordants were analysed by Induced Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer. In the ash Al, Fe, Si and Mn were in % unit, Cr and Ni were detected in ppm unit, and in the aqueous extracts of the ash all the metal ions were in ppm unit. On the other hand, fairly high content of Al(2.13% ) in camellia ash extract and Fe(7.91% ) in the aqueous extracts of pyrolignite iron were detected. The absorbance intensity of green tea extracts in UV-Visible spectrum increased with the temperature and time of extraction. The maximum absorption wavelength of the extracts appeared at 272.5nm and 210.5nm. The US values of silk fabrics dyed with green tea extracts were increased with temperature and time of dyeing. Surface color of silk fabric dyed with green tea extracts was 9.1YR, but it was changed from 7.9YR to 7.5YR by camellia ash extract and 7.4YR to 6.4YR by bean chaff ash extract with increase in mordant concentration. Pre-mordanted and post-mordanted fabrics with pyrolignite of iron were changed from 1.4YR to 1.1R and 7.2P to 4.2P, respectively.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.180-186
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• 2003

Effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the roots of Mirabilis jalapa Linn. Four Oclock plant, on the spontaneous movements of both the whole worm and the nerve-muscle (n.m.) preparation of Setaria cervi and on the survival of microfilariae in vitro was studied. Alcoholic extract caused the inhibition of spontaneous movements of the whole worm and the n.m. preparation of S. cervi, whereas aqueous extract caused inhibition of spontaneous movements of the n.m. preparation. The initial stimulatory effect was not observed by aqueous and alcoholic extracts on n.m. preparation while effect of alcoholic extract on the whole worm was characterized by an increase in the amplitude of contractions followed by reversible paralysis. The concentrations required to inhibit the movements of the whole worm and n.m. preparation for alcoholic extract of root were $270\;{\mu}g/mL$ and $40\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively whereas an aqueous extract caused inhibition of n.m. preparation at $30\;{\mu}g/mL$ suggesting a cuticular permeability barrier. Alcoholic extract of the roots of M. jalapa caused concentration related effect on the survival of microfilariae of S. cervi. The $LC_{50}$ and $LC_{90}$ for alcoholic extract as observed after 6 hrs. were found to be 10 ng/mL and 18 ng/mL., respectively.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.134-142
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• 2010

Although BinSo-San(BSS), a mixed herbal formula consisted of 11 types of medicinal herbs and have been used as anti-inflammatory agent, In the present study, the acute toxicity (single oral dose toxicity) of lyophilized BSS aqueous extracts was monitored in male and female mice after oral administration according to Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) Guidelines (2005-60, 2005). In order to observe the 50% lethal dose ($LD_{50}$), approximate lethal dosage (ALD), maximum tolerance dosage (MTD) and target organs, test articles were once orally administered to female and male ICR mice at dose levels of 2000, 1000, 500, 250 and 0 (control) mg/kg (body wt.) according to the recommendation of KFDA Guidelines (2005-60, 2005). The mortality and changes on body weight, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored during 14 days after dosing according to KFDA Guidelines (2005-60, 2005) with organ weight and histopathology of 12 types of principle organs. We could not find any mortality, clinical signs and changes in the body weights except for dose-independent increases of body weight and gains restricted in 1000 mg/kg of BSS extracts-dosing female group. Hypertrophic changes of lymphoid organs.thymus, spleen and popliteal lymph nodes were detectedat postmortem observation with BSS extracts dose-dependent increases of lymphoid organ weights, and hyperplasia of lymphoid cells in these all three lymphoid organs at histopathological observations. These changes are considered as results of pharmacological effects of BSS extracts or their components, immunomodulating effects, not toxicological signs. In addition, some sporadic accidental findings such as congestion spots, cyst formation in kidney, atrophy of thymus and spleen with depletion of lymphoid cells, and edematous changes of uterus with desquamation of uterus mucosa as estrus cycles were detected throughout the whole experimental groups including both male and female vehicle controls. The significant (p<0.01) increases of absolute weights of kidney and pancreas detected in BSS extracts 1000 mg/kg-treated female group are considered as secondary changes from increases of body weights. The results obtained in this study suggest that the BSS extract is non-toxic in mice and is therefore likely to be safe for clinical use. The LD50 and ALD of BSS aqueous extracts in both female and male mice were considered as over 2000 mg/kg because no mortalities were detected upto 2000 mg/kg that was the highest dose recommended by KFDA and OECD. In addition, the MTD of BSS extracts was also considered as over 2000 mg/kg because no BSS extracts-treatment related toxicological signs were detected at histopathological observation except for BSS or their component-related pharmacological effects, the immunomodulating effects detected in the present study.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.266-272
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• 1998

The present study investigated the antitumor activity of the aqueous-alcoholic extracts from unripe cotton balls of Gossypium indicum. An Exposure of murine B16 melanoma and L1210 lymphoma cells to the extracts resulted in their severe deaths in time- and concentration-dependent manners. Of the extracts, hydrophilic fractions were most efficacious for the antitumor activity and found to contain certain amounts of catechin and its derivatives. The hydrophilic extract fraction C36B2-8 had approximately 10 times more cytotoxic effects on B12 and L1210 cells than on isolated murine thymocytes. High concentrations (>150 $\mu$g/ml) of C 36B3-8 mainly induced necrotic cell death. At low concentrations (<100 $\mu$g/ml), however, C 36B3-8 induced not only necrosis but also apoptosis of the two tumor cell lines, which was proved by the TUNEL staining and DNA fragmentation techniques. The data indicate that certain ingredients of the cotton ball extract of G. indicum have an antitumor activity.