• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.277-287
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• 2023

Since the first discovery of antibiotics, introduction of new antibiotics has been coupled with the occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Rapid dissemination of ARB and ARGs in the aquatic environments has become a global concern. ARB and ARGs have been already disseminated in the aquatic environments via various routes. Main hosts of most of ARGs were found to belong to Gammaproteobacteria class, including clinically important potential pathogens. Transmission of ARGs also occurs by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) mechanisms between bacterial strains in the aquatic environments, resulting in ubiquity of ARGs. Thus, a few of ARGs and MGEs (e.g., strA, sul1, int1) have been suggested as indicators for global comparability of contamination level in the aquatic environments. With ARB and ARGs contamination, the occurrence of critical pathogens has been globally issued due to their widespread in the aquatic environments. Thus, active surveillance systems have been launched worldwide. In this review, we described advancement of methodologies for ARGs detection, and occurrence of ARB and ARGs and their dissemination in the aquatic environments. Even though numerous studies have been conducted for ARB and ARGs, there is still no clear strategy to tackle antibiotic resistance (AR) in the aquatic environments. At least, for consistent surveillance, a strict framework should be established for further research in the aquatic environments.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.240-249
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• 2021

Phenotypic plasticity is a rapid response mechanism that enables organisms to acclimate and survive in changing environments. The Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) survives and thrives in different and even introduced habitats, thereby indicating its high phenotypic plasticity. However, the underpinnings of the high plasticity of E. sinensis have not been comprehensively investigated. In this study, we conducted an integrated gut microbiome and muscle metabolome analysis on E. sinensis collected from three different environments, namely, an artificial pond, Yangcheng Lake, and Yangtze River, to uncover the mechanism of its high phenotypic plasticity. Our study presents three divergent gut microbiotas and muscle metabolic profiles that corresponded to the three environments. The composition and diversity of the core gut microbiota (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, and Firmicutes) varied among the different environments while the metabolites associated with amino acids, fatty acids, and terpene compounds displayed significantly different concentration levels. The results revealed that the gut microbiome community and muscle metabolome were significantly affected by the habitat environments. Our findings indicate the high phenotypic plasticity in terms of gut microbiome and muscle metabolome of E. sinensis when it faces environmental changes, which would also facilitate its acclimation and adaptation to diverse and even introduced environments.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.691-702
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• 2013

This review paper summarizes the theory, application, and potential drawbacks of diffusive gradient in thin film (DGT) probe which is a widely used in-situ passive sampling technique for monitoring inorganic contaminants in aquatic environments. The DGT probe employs a series of layers including a filter membrane, a diffusive hydrogel, and an ionic exchange resin gel in a plastic unit. The filter side is exposed to an aquatic environment after which dissolved inorganic contaminants, such as heavy metals and nuclides, diffuse through the hydrogel and are accumulated in the resin gel. After retrieval, the contaminants in the resin gel are extracted by strong acid or base and the concentrations are determined by analytical instruments. Then aqueous concentrations of the inorganic contaminants can be estimated from a mathematical equation. The DGT has also been used to monitor nutrients, such as ${PO_4}^{3-}$, in lakes, streams, and estuaries, which might be helpful in assessing eutrophic potential in aquatic environments. DGT is a robust in-situ passive sampling techniques for investigating bioavailability, toxicity, and speciation of inorganic contaminants in aquatic environments, and can be an effective monitoring tool for risk assessment.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.180-183
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• 2007

Over the last century the mercury (Hg) concentration in the environment has been increased by human activities with inputs from sources such as atmospheric deposition, urban runoff, and industrial effluents. Mercury can be transformed to methylmercury (MeHg) in anaerobic conditions by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and sediments are the principal location for MeHg production in aquatic environments. Interest in bioaccumulation of Hg and MeHg into lower trophic levels of benthic and pelagic organisms stems from public health concerns as these organisms provide essential links for higher trophic levels of food chains such as fish and larger invertebrates. Fish consumption is the major exposure route of MeHg to humans. Recently, it was reported that blood samples in Korea showed much higher Hg levels (5-8 times) than those in USA and Germany. Although this brings much attention to Hg research in Korea, there are very few studies on Hg biogeochemical cycling and bioaccumulation in aquatic environments. Given the importance of Hg methylation and MeHg transfer through food chains in aquatic environments, it is imperative that studies should be done in much detail looking at the fate, transport, and bioaccumulation of Hg and MeHg in the environment. Moreover, there should be long-term monitoring plans in Korea to evaluate the environmental and health effects of Hg and MeHg.

• 한국생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생태학회 1999년도 국제 Symposium 및 '99 춘계 공동 학술 발표대회
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• pp.43-54
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• 1999

1. Hanoi city was built up on the wetland landscape of the Red River delta therefore it has a network of many lakes and rivers. 2. The aquatic biodiversity (Macrophytes, Invertebrates, Fishes, Vertebrates) of the 6 main lakes (Ho Tay, Hoan Kiem, Bay Mau, Giang Vo, Dong Da, Thanh Nhan) are rich and diverse. It represents the patterns of Red River delta one's. Many rare and endangered species are found in these lakes Particularly a giant freshwater turtle species in Hoan Kiem lake. 3. All of these lakes are more or less polluted. Their environments are seriously degrading both in water quality and aquatic biodiversity. 4. Based on socio-economical and cultural role of these lakes of Hanoi city, it is very necessary to preserve and to restore their environments and aquatic biodiversity: water Pollution control, landscape planning, making roads around the lakes and erosion control for their banks, legislation measures, rational exploitation of aquatic biodiversity, restoration the artificial wetlands with macrophytes.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.387-393
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• 2015

Biotyping of Vibrio vulnificus strains isolated from marine environments along the south coast of Korea showed that the majority of the isolates (94.7%) belonged to biotype 1 and the remaining isolates (5.3%) belonged to biotype 2. Analysis of 16S rRNA V. vulnificus strains isolated from marine environments using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that 78.7% were type A and 21.3% were type B. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to analyze the genomic differences in V. vulnificus among the biotype 2 strains isolated from marine environments (newly isolated strains group) and reference strains obtained from infected eels (reference strains group). The two groups had distinctly different profiles of the amplicons produced from RAPD. Additionally, biochemical comparison of these strains revealed that all four strains isolated from marine environments differed from the strains isolated from eels in their ability to promote D-mannitol fermentation. Two (NH 1 and NH 2) out of four isolates of biotype 2 from marine environments showed pathogenicity in eels Anguilla japonica in a challenge test. These isolates did not agglutinate with antisera against V. vulnificus NCIMB 2137 (serovar E), ATCC 27562 (non-serovar E), and ATCC 33816 (atypical serovar E).

• 지질공학
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.701-716
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• 2023

수환경으로 유입된 미세플라스틱(<5 mm)은 중금속을 흡착하여 생태계의 먹이사슬을 통해 인간에게 악영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 리뷰에서는 수환경에서 미세플라스틱과 중금속 간의 흡착에 영향을 미치는 요인을 조사하고, 흡착과정과 메커니즘을 종합적으로 고찰하였다. 중금속 흡착특성은 미세플라스틱의 폴리머 유형과 결정도, 입자크기, 환경적 조건(pH, 온도, 풍화작용)에 따라 영향을 받았다. 특히 풍화도가 높고 폴리머의 입자크기가 작을수록 중금속 흡착량이 증가하였으나, 흡착이 발생하는 당시 환경의 온도 및 폴리머의 결정도와 중금속 흡착량에 대한 상관관계는 확인하기 어려웠다. 중금속 흡착거동은 흡착동역학과 등온식을 통해 평가한 물리·화학적 흡착과정에 의해 설명되었으며, 일반적으로 하나 이상의 메커니즘에 의해 복합적으로 발생하는 것을 확인하였다. 본 리뷰를 통해 미세플라스틱에 의한 중금속의 흡착거동과 메커니즘을 이해함으로써 수환경에서 미세플라스틱의 잠재적 위험을 평가하는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2007

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.541-546
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• 2016

Enchytraeidae is one of the largest groups in Clitellata. They are commonly found in soil and aquatic environments and play important roles in these ecosystems. It is not easy to study enchytraeid clitellates because of difficulty in distinguishing morphologies between closely related species. In Korea, 29 species have been reported in this family. Of these, 27 species are terrestrial and only two species are aquatic. Here, we report three aquatic enchytraeid species new to Korea: Fridericia glandifera Friend, 1913, Henlea montana Rota, 1994 and Marionina brendae Bretscher, 1899.

• 센서학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2024

Every year, approximately 350 million tons of plastic waste are generated worldwide. This waste, can degrade into microplastics, owing to factors such as temperature changes and UV exposure. These smaller plastic particles are increasingly entering the food chain through marine life, thereby raising concerns about their impact on human health. Consequently, there is an increasing need to measure microplastics. Common methods involve direct collection by using a manta trawl equipped with a 330 ㎛ mesh net or performing spectroscopic and thermal analyses on collected samples. However, these methods require complex pre-processing, which risk sample destruction. In this study, we developed a system to directly sample microplastics in aquatic environments by using laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. Through an analysis of the fluorescence spectra as well as, the with gradient and integration at specific points, we successfully distinguished microplastics of 100, 200, 300, and 500 ㎛ in size, and we also differentiated between polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) types.