• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 2003년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.167.3-167
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• 2003

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• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2000

Objective: Several water channels (aquaporins; AQP) that belong to the MIP (major intrinsic protein) family have identified. In the selected tissues including red blood cells or renal tubules, water movements are abundant and/or physiologically important. Unexpectedly, a high water permeability of human and ram sperm has been reported. Recent studies showed that AQP7 and AQP8 are present in testes, so that the high water permeability of human sperm suggested to be mediated by AQPs. Method: To identify the identity of aquaporins expressed in testes, RT-PCR was performed using degenerative primers, which were designed to correspond to highly conserved sequences surrounding the Asn-Pro-Ala (NPA) motifs in the aquaporins. New expressed AQP series were reconfirmed by immunohistochemical study using rabbit polyclonal antibodies. Results: DNA sequencing of PCR products revealed that AQP2 and AQP3 mRNA as well as AQP7 and AQP8 are expressed in human and rat testes. In human and rat testes, AQP2 are expressed in spermatozoa, interstitial cells and myofibroblasts and AQP3 are expressed in myofibroblasts of semineferous tubules on immunocytochemical stain. Conclusion: These results indicate that multiple aquaporins are expressed in testes, and that they may have important roles in the spermatogenesis and the germ cell function of testis.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.119-131
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• 2004

연구 목적: 난소에서 분비되는 스테로이드 호르몬인 에스트로젠과 프로게스테론은 포유동물의 생식기관 발달과 정상적인 생식 기능, 수정과 배아의 착상에 중요한 역할을 한다. 특히 에스트로젠은 자궁내액을 내강으로 분비하여 자궁부종 기작에 중요한 역할을 한다. 자궁내액은 정자의 수정능력 획득과 착상전 배아의 발달에 매우 중요하다. Aquaporin (AQP)은 막관통 물수송 단백질로서 여러 조직에 넓게 분포되어 있으며, 세포간 또는 상피세포간 물의 이동에 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 생쥐 자궁에서 스테로이드 호르몬에 의해 조절되는 자궁내액의 이동에 AQP 유전자가 관여하는지를 알아보았다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 난소 절제술을 시행한 생쥐에 스테로이드 호르몬을 피하주사하고 6, 12, 24시간 간격으로 자궁조직을 적출하였다. 대조군은 sesame oil만을 주사한 후 6시간째에 수획한 자궁조직을 사용하였으며, 실험군은 시간대별과 스테로이드 처리별로 채취한 자궁조직에서 역전사중합효소반응을 수행하였다. 역전사중합효소반응을 통해 막관통 단백질인 AQP-4, -5, -8 mRNA의 발현양상을 살펴보았다. 또한 mRNA의 위치를 살펴보기 위해 laser microdissection을 이용하여 RT-PCR을 수행하였다. 마지막으로 자궁조직내에서의 단백질 발현 부위를 관찰하기 위해 면역조직화학염색을 실시하였다. 결 과: AQP-4, -5, -8 mRNA은 프로게스테론을 처리한 군보다 에스트로젠을 처리한 군에서 많이 발현되었으며, 에스트로젠을 주사한 지 6시간째 발현정도를 대조군과 비교할 때 AQP-4, -5, -8 mRNA가 각각 7.9배, 2.8배, 3.8배로 나타났다. AQP-4, -5, -8 mRNA는 간충조직보다 자궁내 상피조직에서 스테로이드 호르몬의 영향을 받아 발현양상의 차이가 나타났으며, 주로 에스트로젠의 영향을 받아 발현이 증가하였다. AQP-4 단백질은 에스트로젠을 24시간 처리한 후 프로게스테론을 처리한 군의 자궁내 상피조직에서 많이 발현되었으며, AQP-5와 -8 단백질은 에스트로젠을 처리한 군의 자궁내 상피조직에서 발현이 증가하였다. 결 론: 이상의 결과를 통해 AQP-4, -5, -8은 주로 에스트로젠에 의해 자궁내 상피세포에서 발현이 증가되는 것으로 보아 에스트로젠의 영향하에 일어나는 자궁내액의 이동으로 인한 자궁부종기작에 이동통로로서 관여하는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 및 한일 식물생명공학 심포지엄
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• pp.71-80
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• 2005

Effects of low temperature ($8^{\circ}C$) on the hydraulic conductivity of young roots of a chilling-sensitive (cucumber; Cucumis sativus L.) and a chilling-resistant (figleaf gourd; Cucurbita ficifolia Bouche) crop have been measured at the levels of whole root systems (root hydraulic conductivity, $Lp_r$) and of individual cortical cells (cell hydraulic conductivity, Lp). In figleaf gourd, there was a reduction only in hydrostatic $Lp_r$ but not in osmotic $Lp_r$ suggesting that the activity of water channels was not much affected by low root temperature (LRT)treatment in this species. Changes in cell Lp in response to chilling and recovery were similar asroot level, although they were more intense at the root level. Roots of figleaf gourd recovered better from LRT treatment than those of cucumber. In figleaf gourd, recovery (both at the root and cell level) often resulted in Lp and $Lp_r$ values which were even bigger than the original, i.e. there was an overshoot in hydraulic conductivity. These effects were larger forosmotic (representing the cell-to-cell passage of water) than for hydrostatic $Lp_r$. After a short term (1 d) exposure to $8\;^{\circ}C$ followed by 1 d at $20\;^{\circ}C$, hydrostatic $Lp_r$ of cucumber nearly recovered and that of figleaf gourd still remained higher due to the overshoot. On the contrary, osmotic $Lp_r$ and cell Lp in both species remained high by a factor of 3 as compared to the control, possibly due to an increased activity of water channels. After pre-conditioning of roots at LRT, increased hydraulic conductivitywas completely inhibited by $HgCl_2$ at both the root and cell levels. Different from figleaf gourd, recovery from chilling was not complete in cucumber after longer exposure to LRT. It is concluded that at LRT, both changes in the activity of aquaporins and alterations of root anatomy determine the water uptake in both species. To better understand the aquaporin function in plants under various stress conditions, we examined the transgenic Arabidopsisand tobacco plants that constitutively overexpress ArabidopsisPIP1;4 or PIP2;5 under various abiotic stress conditions. No significant differences in growth rates were found between the transgenic and wild-type plants under favorable growth conditions. By contrast, overexpression of PIP1;4 or PIP2;5 had a negative effect on seed germination and seedling growth under drought stress, whereas it had a positive effect under cold stress and no effect under salt stress. Measurement of water transport by cell pressure probe revealed that these observed phenotypes under different stress conditions were closely correlated with the ability of water transport by each aquaporin in the transgenic plants. Together, our results demonstrate that PIP-type aquaporins play roles in seed germination, seedling growth, and stress response of Arabidopsis and tobacco plants under various stress conditions, and emphasize the importance of a single aquaporin-mediated water transport in these cellular processes.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.116-124
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• 2018

Lysozyme is known as a key substance of the innate immunity and have antibacterial effect in the mucosal tissues, especially middle ear. Aquaporin (AQP) functions as water movement in the tissue and has been expected to be participated in the inflammatory responses. In the present study, we investigated to reveal association of lysozymes and AQPs in otitis media. The gene expression of lysozyme genes, homo sapiens lysozyme (hLYZ), homo sapiens lysozyme M (hLYZ M), and homo sapiens lysozyme G like-2 (hLYGH), and AQP genes (AQP 0 - AQP 12) were measured from postauricular skin, mastoid mucosa, inflamed mastoid mucosa, and middle ear mucosa. The hLYZ, hLYZ M and hLYGH gene were expressed in mastoid mucosa, inflamed mastoid mucosa, middle ear mucosa. Of AQP genes, all AQP gene except AQP 3 gene were expressed in the tissue of middle ear. Among them, AQP 4, AQP 8, AQP 9, AQP 10, AQP 11 and AQP 12 were highly expressed in the inflamed mastoid mucosa and normal mastoid mucosa (P<0.001). Interestingly, expression levels of AQP 4, AQP 9, and AQP 12 gene were significantly higher in the inflamed mastoid mucosa compared to normal middle ear mucosa (P<0.05). These results suggest that lysozyme and AQPs could be associated with inflammatory response in the middle ear.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.102-110
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• 2008

Complementation assay of the urea uptake-defective yeast mutants led to the identification of the Arabidopsis AtTIP4;1 gene encoding the aquaporin. However, its physiological functions still remain elusive. In the present study, histochemical and genetic analyses were performed to understand the physiological roles of AtTIP4;1 in urea uptake. The AtTIP4;1 product was detectible in the roots, but not in the leaves, the stem, and the flower. Its promoter allowed the expression of the $\beta$-glucuronidase reporter gene in the roots and the apical meristem in Arabidopsis. The AtTIP4;1 products were induced under nitrogen-deficient conditions. To investigate the role of the tonoplast intrinsic protein in urea transport and developments, Arabidopsis with the loss- and the gain-of-function mutations by T-DNA insertion in AtTIP4;1 and 35S promoter-mediated overexpression of AtTIP4;1 were identified, respectively. The transfer DNA insertion and the AtTIP4;1-overexpressed plants showed normal growth and development under normal or abiotic stress growth conditions. The urea-uptake studies using $^{14}C$-labeled urea revealed higher accumulation of urea in the AtTIP4;1-overexpressed plants. These results provide evidence that overexpression of AtTIP4;1 leads to the increase in the urea-uptake rate in plants without detectable defects to the growth and development.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권15호
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• pp.6391-6395
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• 2014

Overexpression of aquaporins (AQPs) has been reported in several human cancers. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (Erk1/2) are associated with tumorigenesis and cancer progression and may upregulate AQP expression. In this study, we demonstrated that EGF (epidermal growth factor) induces SiHa cells migration and AQP8 expression. Wound healing results showed that cell migration was increased by 2.79-1.50-fold at 24h and 48h after EGF treatment. AQP8 expression was significantly increased (3.33-fold) at 48h after EGF treatment in SiHa cells. An EGFR kinase inhibitor, PD153035, blocked EGF-induced AQP8 expression and cell migration and AQP8 expression was decreased from 1.59-fold (EGF-treated) to 0.43-fold (PD153035-treated) in SiHa. Furthermore, the MEK (MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/Erk (extracellular signal regulated kinase)/Erk inhibitor U0126 also inhibited EGF-induced AQP8 expression and cell migration. AQP8 expression was decreased from 1.21-fold (EGF-treated) to 0.43-fold (U0126-treated). Immunofluorescence microscopy further confirmed the results. Collectively, our findings show that EGF induces AQP8 expression and cell migration in human cervical cancer SiHa cells via the EGFR/Erk1/2 signal transduction pathway.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.223-230
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• 2017

본 연구는 순채 점액질 다당체의 인체 피부와 in vitro에서의 피부 보습효과를 확인하고 화장품 원료로서의 가능성을 평가하기 위한 것이다. 다양한 환경적 스트레스와 노화로부터 피부를 보호하기 위해서는 피부의 수분 보유량을 증가시키고 수분의 손실을 예방해야 한다. 본 연구진은 순채의 점액질로부터 추출한 다당체를 인체 피부에 도포했을 때, 특이적인 윤활성으로 피부에서의 거칠기(roughness)를 개선시켰다는 것을 확인했다. In vitro에서 각질형성세포에 순채 점액질 다당체를 처리했을 때, 피부장벽의 가교 역할을 하는 transglutaminase 1 (TGM1) 유전자의 발현이 증가하였다. 또한 물과 글리세롤의 이동을 조절하는 막관통 단백질 aquaporin 3 (AQP3)와 수분 보유 기질 히알루론산을 합성하는 효소인 hyaluronan synthase 3 (HAS3) 유전자의 발현 또한 증가함을 확인했다. 추가적으로 화장품 원료로서의 가능성을 평가하기 위한 실험에서, 항염증과 콜라겐 합성 촉진 효능을 보였다. 결과적으로 순채의 점액질 다당체는 기존에 없는 새로운 천연 원료로서, 피부에 보습 효과와 항염증, 콜라겐 합성 촉진 효능이 있음을 밝혔다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Melandrii Herba (MH), Akebia Quinata Decaisne (AQ), and Tetrapanax Papyriferus (TP) on milk secretion and aquaporin (AQP) expression in lactating mice. Methods: For the experiment, the mice were divided into three groups, which were orally administered MH (2,720 mg/kg), TP (400 mg/kg) and AQ (2,800 mg/kg) extracts respectively for 3 weeks from Day 1 after the birth, compared with the control group (C group), which was administered distilled water. A group consisted of six infantile mice per postpartum mouse. For comparison with the C group, non-pregnant SKH-1 mice were used as the virgin group. Results: 1. When it comes to the immunohistochemical staining for prolactin receptors in the mammary glands, the AQ and MH groups showed a strong immune response to the secretory epithelial cells constituting the mammary alveoli, while the TP group represented a weaker immune response. 2. In the immunohistochemical staining for AQP in the mammary glands, AQP1 showed a strong immune response in the walls of capillaries and venules around the mammary alveoli, and AQP3 in the epithelial cells constituting the mammary alveoli, and AQP5 in some tissues between the mammary alveoli. AQP1 was expressed in the order of TP group>AQ group=C group>MH group, and AQP3 was MH group and AQ group>TP group=C group, and AQP5 was MH group>C group>AQ group and TP group. 3. In the Western blot, AQP1 was expressed in the order of TP group>AQ group>C group>MH group, and AQP3 was MH group>AQ group>C group>TP roup, and AQP5 was MH group>TP Group>C group>AQ group. All of AQP1, 3, 5 expression were significantly higher in the C group than in the Virgin group. Conclusions: The administration of Akebia Quinata Decaisne, Tetrapanax Papyriferus and Melandrii Herba have the effect of improving prolactin levels in postpartum mice and increasing the expression of prolactin receptor and AQPs in the mammary glands, suggesting that lactation might be enhanced by the development of the mammary glands.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 다마스크 장미 내 고분자 당단백을 bioconversion 기술을 이용하여 저분자화한 다마스크 장미추출물(Rosa damascena extract containing low molecular glycoprotein, RELG)의 항노화 효능을 측정하였다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 이용한 RELG의 항산화능 평가($IC_{50}$)는 $22.6{\mu}g/mL$으로 양성대조군인 ascorbic acid $21.1{\mu}g/mL$와 비교하여 비슷한 수준의 항산화능을 나타내었고 피부세포실험에서는 $15{\mu}g/mL$에서 자외선과 $H_2O_2$에 의한 활성산소 생성을 28% 억제하였다. 또한 같은 농도에서 자외선에 의한 콜라겐 분해효소(MMP-1)의 생성을 48% 억제하고 $10{\mu}g/mL$에서 대조군 대비 보습인자인 aquaporin 3 (AQP3)의 발현을 44%, 중성지질 생합성을 10% 촉진하여 항주름 효능과 더불어 보습효능까지 나타냈다. 추가적으로 두피 모유두세포에서는 스트레스로 인한 세포사멸을 $15{\mu}g/mL$에서 10% 억제하고 활성산소의 생성을 90% 감소시켰다. 본 연구 결과, RELG는 효과적인 항노화 화장품 소재임을 확인하였다.