• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 2004

Transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) free flap is widely used for breast reconstruction, however donor-site morbidities such as abdominal wall weakness, hernia, bulging are troublesome. For the purpose of minimizing donor-site morbidity, there has been a surge in interests in muscle sparing free TRAM flap preserving the anatomy of rectus abdominis muscle, fascia, and motor nerve. The purpose of this study is to investigate complication and morbidity after muscle sparing free TRAM flap. Between August, 1995 and May, 2003, there were 108 cases of muscle sparing free TRAM flap of breast reconstruction. There was no abdominal hernia. There were 4 cases of dog ear, 3 cases of marginal necrosis of apron flap, 2 cases of asymmetry of umbilicus. At 1 year after operation, most patients feel comfortness in physical exercise. Muscle sparing free TRAM flap provides ample amount of well vascularized soft tissue with small inclusion of rectus abdominis muscle and fascia. Also it minimizes donor-site morbidity with rapid recovery of abdominal strength.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.5
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• pp.7-11
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• 1981

In the vast extent of time, man and his ancestors have existed on earth about 2,000,000 years. For Near-Man, they knew how to make fire and protected themselves with hairs. Old-Man covered their bodies with the skins of wild animals. New Man improved the quality, the range and ingenuity, so they fabricated clothes with the animal skins. New Man is considered as ancestor of Modern Man. They had spread widely over the earth to take advantage of their surroundings. The next period, New Stone Age was chiefly distinguished by agricultural age. He was now about to make clothes from natural fibers. The two most obvious orgins of clothing are to protect the body against environment and to decorate the body. The forms of clothing were different from the various climates and regions they had settled, for example Yo-po Hyung (Apron), Kwae-po Hung (Sewn garment), Kwan-doo Hyung (Poncho), Chun-kae Hyung (Frontopend garment), Chai-hyung Hyung (Body-conforming shape). Our ancestor had moved from Baikal Lake, Central Asia toward northeast; Shun-tung in China, Manchuria and at last Han Panninsula. Considering our basic costume of ancient times were Yu(jacket), Ko(trousers), Sang(skirt), Po (coat) with the accessories of Kwan (crown), Mo (hat), Dai (belt), Hwa, Eie (footwear), here I conjecture our costume of prehistoric period was Chaihyung Hyung(Body-conforming shape) in the purpose of body covering.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1274-1285
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• 2002

The purposes of this study are to help the authorized textbooks on home economics be selected and used effectively, to provide basic data that are needed to improve the quality of home economics textbooks, and to suggest a next curriculum on home economics. In the study, eight high school home economics textbooks for "6th Curriculum developed by Ministrv of Education and Human Resources Development"were used for the analysis. The results are summarized as follows: there were wide differences in degrees of diversity and accomplishment in the contents of textbooks. In comparison, it was unfolded that three areas, "family", "home resource management" and "consumer" ,occupied much larger portions than other areas. About 81 percent of the authors of home economics textbooks were professors. A contents analysis on the clothing area showed that every textbook includes costume culture, clothing materials, clothing maintenance, and clothing construction. The presentation coverages and relative difficulties of textbooks were, however, diverse. It is somewhat noticeable that, while fewer professors majoring in clothing construction participated in writing, generally more pages were allocated to clothing construction than other areas. While presentations on anthropometrics method, construction theory, draft theory, usage of sewing machine and fitting theory were insufficient most textbooks were dealing with drafting of basic slopers and sewing procedure, etc. Making-up techniques on the apparels items such as Korean traditional men's pants, pajamas, shirt vest skirt, pants, apron and Korean pouch were handled closely in each textbook.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.137-144
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• 2001

The major movement blocks of the container are the range between the apron and the designation points on yard in container terminals. The yard tractor drived by operator takes charge of it's movement in conventional container terminals. In automated container terminal, AGV(automatic guided vehicle) takes charge of a yard tractor's role and information of navigation path are ordered from upper control system. The automated container terminal facilities must have the docking system that guides landing zinc to execute high speed travelling and precision positioning. This paper describes the new docking method with the rotating LSB(laser slit beam) generator and two pair of photo receiver. The LSB generator is installed on the fixed ground and the photo receiver is implemented on the moving vehicle such as AGV. The proposed docking system is implemented to confirm it's function and accuracy. The accuracy of measured moving position is represented in ±5mm at 1 data sampling.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.479-479
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• 2016

국내 하천에는 하천을 가로지르는 보나 낙차공과 같은 횡단구조물이 약 5만여개에 달하고 있다. 이러한 보/낙차공과 같은 하천횡단구조물에는 구조물을 월류하여 떨어지는 부분의 세굴을 막기 위하여 apron(물받이공)을 조성하도록 되어있고, 물받이공 하류부 세굴을 막기 위하여 사석을 깔거나, 돌망태를 설치하여 이 부분에서의 세굴을 막아 하상을 보호하도록 하고 있다. 그러나 사석이나 돌망태공, 블록을 이용한 보호공은 한 번 설치되면 이들 공법이 제자리에 남아 있는 한 세굴 방지에 좋은 효과를 발휘한다는 장점이 있지만 포설된 공법은 시간이 지남에 따라 혹은 홍수로 인해 이동되거나 소실되는 문제가 발생되며, 최종적으로 하천횡단구조물의 안전성에도 영향을 미치게 된다. 이와 더불어 강우량의 증대 및 집중호우 등 돌변하는 기후변화로 하천환경변화에 대한 적용 가능한 기술이 미비하다. 따라서 하천에 유해한 물질을 방출시키지 않고 하천환경 및 하천 생물의 생활사에 영향을 주지 않는 무 저독성 소재를 활용하여 치수적으로 수리적 안정성을 강화시키고, 생태적으로도 건강한 생태하천 복원 기술개발이 요구되는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 무독성 소재를 활용하여 보 하류부에 자연친화적인 하상보호공으로 다층다공성 하상보호기술을 개발하였으며, 개발된 하상보호기술을 CFD 3차원 수치해석과 실내실험을 통하여 수리적 안전성을 검토하였다. 또한 개발된 기술은 김해시 대청천 하류 일부구간에 시범적으로 적용하였고, 시범사업 시공 전 중 후 각 단계에서 물리, 화학, 생물 모니터링을 통하여 개발기술의 현장 적용성을 검증하였다.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.152-163
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the effects of musculoskeletal symptoms and burden on presenteeism among nurses in a gastrointestinal endoscopy unit. Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study. Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires administered to 140 nurses working in the gastrointestinal endoscopy unit of a hospital located in Busan metropolitan city. Results: The body part with the most musculoskeletal symptoms was the back (73.2%), and the most common musculoskeletal burden work was "when you have to stand or maintain the same posture for a long time in a lead apron protection clothes." The factors most related to work impairment were working hours, musculoskeletal symptoms, and musculoskeletal burden, with an explanatory power of 63.3%. Factors affecting perceived productivity were working hours and musculoskeletal symptoms, with an explanatory power of 29.2 %. Conclusion: To reduce work impairment and increase the perceived productivity of nurses in gastrointestinal endoscopy units, various programs and improved working environments are needed that can improve musculoskeletal symptoms and reduce musculoskeletal burden.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.283-286
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• 2009

The egg capsule of Hongeo koreana is newly described based on two egg capsules extracted from the uterus of a female collected near the type locality, the southwestern coast of the Korean Peninsula. The egg capsule of H. koreana has the following characters: medium sized, measuring 124.5~133.7 mm in total length including horns, 102.8~109.4 mm in length excluding horns, and 41.0~42.2 mm in maximum width; asymmetrical, with the egg capsule more convex ventrally in lateral view; the surface relatively smooth, with longitudinal striations distinct, and covered with masses of sticky silky fibers; anterior and posterior aprons distinct; all four horns short, tube-like in shape, elliptical in cross section, anterior horns recurved inwardly; respiratory fissure present at tip of each of the four horns. The color of the fresh capsule is bright brown.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.257-262
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• 2007

This study aimed at recognition on infection control among dental staff. This investigation was implemented by survey and questionnaires on 50 dentists and 176 dental hygienists and 100 aide nurses who were working in Deagu. The results is 1. Dental staff was recognition that extremely dangerous infectious disease is hepatitis B in dental clinic. 2. Wearing gloves and rubber dam was high in degree of recognition on using of personal protective gears however, put on apron was low. 3. The degree of recognition about sterilization of dental instruments was more higher on dentist and dental hygienists than aide nurse. 4. Dental hygienists were higher than other groups on degree of recognition about managing of dental equipment's surface.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.179-184
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• 2013

Purpose: X-ray exposure should be clinically justified and each exposure should be expected to give patients benefits. Since dental radiographic examination is one of the most frequent radiological procedures, radiation hazard becomes an important public health concern. The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitude of Korean dentists about radiation safety and use of criteria for selecting the frequency and type of radiographic examinations. Materials and Methods: The study included 267 Korean dentists. Five questions related to radiation safety were asked of each of them. These questions were about factors associated with radiation protection of patients and operators including the use of radiographic selection criteria for intraoral radiographic procedures. Results: The frequency of prescription of routine radiographic examination (an example is a panoramic radiograph for screening process for occult disease) was 34.1%, while that of selective radiography was 64.0%. Dentists' discussion of radiation risk and benefit with patients was infrequent. More than half of the operators held the image receptor by themselves during intraoral radiographic examinations. Lead apron/thyroid collars for patient protection were used by fewer than 22% of dental offices. Rectangular collimation was utilized by fewer than 15% of dental offices. Conclusion: The majority of Korean dentists in the study did not practice radiation protection procedures which would be required to minimize exposure to unnecessary radiation for patients and dental professionals. Mandatory continuing professional education in radiation safety and development of Korean radiographic selection criteria is recommended.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.37-47
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• 1999

In the 17th century, Europe had changed from medieval feudalistic ages into an absolute monarchy taking Catholicism and absolute monarchism together. On the other hand, Holland achieved prosperity in economy, culture, and arts through gradual enlightment of the people by winning independence from Spain, and religious reformation. The culture dress and its ornaments at the time was led by the governing class such as royal families and its aristocracy in Europe, while Holland, united republic country at the time, brought civil costume nationwide wholly by civil class and its effect to other neighboring countries in Europe. In addition, the origin of modern dress and its ornaments dates back to that time. Moreover, civil-looking dutch paintings found its sources in routine daily life and became realistic. With this respect, in this research, we put our purpose of the research in making a better and more understanding of the modern costume and its ornaments and exploring the spirit of human beings by analyzing dutch civil costumes shown in these artistic works. It is very important that this research is rather renovational comparing with prior ones focused on those of ruling classes. As a result of the research, the distinguished parts of the civil costumes appeares as following beauties. First, functional beauty was respected such as natural waist line, peplum, gather of the skirt and sleeve, apron, head towel were some of the examples to those in their costumes and its ornaments. Second, with respect to humanity under rough natural surroundings and long struggle with outside tribes, humanity of costume was brought by optimistic and even free mind to them. The three quater sleeve showed wrist and deep-cut decollete in their dress and ornaments. Third, with respect to simplicity, religious effect on the leading civil class demanding self-abstinence, frugality, and thrift in their way of life resulted in black-tone simple costumes with white collar in their costumes and its ornaments.