• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.191-199
• /
• 2014

The current rural conditions are undergoing the change from the past production-intensive structure to an integral and complex one of producing, processing, selling, touring and lodging owing to the changes of life-style, consumption trend and social environments. The rural area is developing into a community of rural tourism villages to grow into one management system along with the assistance of the government's various supporting projects. Through this, the rural designing has got to play a significant role as one of the factors of the enhancement of competitiveness and the increase of income. Therefore, those previous studies on the variety and possibility of rural development are being employed for the researches which are to develop techniques of branding, marketing and packaging. In particular, the researches for VI (Village Identity), BI (Brand Identity) and designs of landscaping, packaging of agricultural specialties and display stores, which definitely shows that the importance of rural designing, is being paid a lot more attention to. Thus, this study has verified the site commercialization and its effect by developing some practical designing with the focus of package design at rural tourism villages. The Okgye Village in Yoncheon was selected for study subject based on the result of status investigation. This study has analyzed such problems as lack of village identity, non-description of items and their indispensible marks which were seen their designs of village and packaging. The colors of major items and the village image being substituted into the image scale of IRI color were estimated so that the appropriate colors might be selected, along with which the shapes of major items were decided to be motif for the village symbol and design to be created. The designs of such major items as grains, greens and sauces were created with the consideration of the easiness of loading, the continuity of using and the aesthetics. For grains, those outer boxes which are possible for set-packaging and small-sized packaging have been developed. For greens were developed the boxes with the structure of the permeability for the persisten't quality as well as the possibility for packaging small amount. In case of sauces, those outer-boxes equipped with fixing tray were made with the transport-convenience taken into consideration. The sticker-label designs for all those three were also developed which stand for the village identity and are conveniently used in each farm family. When this development was applied at the sites, it was found that the satisfaction and reliability of consumers as well as the satisfaction of farmers were raised along with the increase by more than 30% after the improvement.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.27-40
• /
• 2004

The objective of this study is to identify the kinematic variables of giant swing backward to handstand as well as individual variations of each athlete performing this skill, which in turn will provide the basis for developing suitable training methods and for improving athlete's performance in actual games. For this end, 3 male athletes, members of the national team, who are in ${\Box}{\Box}H{\Box}{\Box}$ University, have been randomly chosen and their giant swing backward to handstand performance was recorded using two digital cameras and analyzed in 3 dimensional graphics. This study came to the following conclusion. 1. Proper time allocation for giant swing backward to handstand are: Phase 1 should provide enough time to attain energy for swing track of a grand round movement. The phase 3 is to throw the body up high in the air and stay in the air as long as possible to smoothen up the transition to the next stage and the phase 4 should be kept short with the moment arm coefficient of the body reduced. 2. As for appropriate changes of locations of body center, the phase 1 should be comprised of horizontal, perpendicular, compositional to make up a big rotational radius. Up to the Phase 3 the changes of displacements of vertical locations should be a good scale and athlete's body should go up high quickly to increase the perpendicular climbing power 3. When it comes to the speed changes of body center, the vertical and horizontal speed should be spurred by the reaction of the body in Phase 2 and Phase 3. In the Phase 4, fast vertical speed throws the body center up high to ensure enough time for in-the-air movement. 4. The changes of angles of body center are: in Phase 2, shoulder joint is stretching and coxa should be curved up to utilize the body reaction. In the Phase 4, shoulder joint and coxa should be stretched out to get the body center as high as possible in the air for stable landing. 5. The speeds of changes in joints angles are: in the Phase 2 should have the speed of angles of shoulder joints increase to get the body up in the air as quickly as possible. The Phase 3 should have the speed of angles in shoulder joint slow down, while putting the angles of a knee joint up to speed as quickly as possible to ensure enough time for in-the-air movement.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.43 no.10
• /
• pp.893-909
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study is to consider the interaction between surface water and groundwater in basin scale by developing TANK_GS model. The soil moisture structure of tank model with 3 tanks is improved to simulate the appropriate stream-aquifer interactions. Maximum likelihood method is applied to calibrate parameters with variance functions to deal with heteroscedasticity of residuals. The parameters of improved TANK_GS model and variance function are simultaneously estimated by Simulated Annealing method, a global optimization technique. The results of TANK-GE are compared to those of the SWMM-GE model which had been developed to consider the stream-aquifer interactions. The new TANK_GS model and SWMM-GE model are applied to Gapcheon basin, which belongs to Geum River basin. TANK_GS model showed better model performance compared to the original TANK model and characterized the relationship of stream-aquifer interactions as satisfactorily as the SWMM-GE model. The sustainable groundwater yield can be estimated for the regional water resources planning using the TANK_GS model

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.75-86
• /
• 2002

This study was performed to investigate situation of livestock manure generated from Kangwon-do and to evaluate its composting probability. The scale of livesrock-farming is bigger and bigger in Korea. Regulation based on the heads of livestock is slightly different from that based on livestock-farming household. So it is needed ro evaluate regulations for livestock head and livestock-farming household. Composting and liquid fertilization were thought to be appropriate technologies to the trearment of Korean cattle and pig manures, respectively. Generation quantity of pig manure was the greatest among pig, Korean cattle, cow and chicken manures. Pig manure generated the greatest amounts of BOD in Kangwon-do. Pig manure contained nitrogen, Korean cattle manure contained $K_2O$, and chicken and pig manures contained $P_2O_5$ in great amount. Alternative ratio of livestock manure to crops-fertilizer was 51% for nitrogen, 38% for $K_2O$, and 34% for $P_2O_5$.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.357-374
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to validate knowledge outcomes included Nursing Outcomes Classification(NOC) developed by Johnson and Maas at the University of Iowa. A sample of 71 nurse experts working in university affiliated hospitals participated in this study. They were asked to rate indicators that examplified the outcomes on a scale of 1(indicator is not all characteristic) to 5(indicator is very characteristic). A questionnaire with an adaptation of Fehring's methodology was used to establish the content validity of outcomes. The results were as follow: 1. All indicators were considered to be 'supporting' and no indicators were considered to be 'nonsupporting'. 2. 'Knowledge: Treatment Regimen' attained and OCV score of 0.816 and was the highest OCV score among outcomes. 3. 'Knowledge: Energy Conservation' attained an OCV score of 0.748 and was the lowest OCV score among abuse outcomes. 4. 'Knowledge: Breastfeeding' attained an OCV score of 0.790 and was the highest indicator was 'description of benefits of breastfeeding'. 5. 'Knowledge: Child Safety' attained an OCV score of 0.778 and was the highest indicator was 'demonstration of first aids techniques'. 6. 'Knowledge: Diet' attained an OCV score of 0.779 and was the highest indicator was 'performance of self-monitoring activities'. 7. 'Knowledge: Disease Process' attained an OCV score of 0.815 and was the highest indicator was 'description of signs and symptoms'. 8. 'Knowledge: Health Behaviors' attained an OCV score of 0.800 and was the highest indicator was 'description of safe use of prescription drugs'. 9. 'Knowledge: Health Resources' attained an OCV score of 0.794 and was the highest indicator was 'description of need for follow-up care'. 10. 'Knowledge: Infection Control' attained an OCV score of 0.793 and was the highest indicator was 'description of signs and symptoms'. 11. 'Knowledge: Medication' attained an OCV score of 0.789 and was the highest indicator was 'description of correct administration of medication'. 12. 'Knowledge: Personal Safety' attained an OCV score of 0.804 and was the highest indicator was 'description of measures to reduce risk of accidental injury'. 13. 'Knowledge: Prescribed Activity' attained an OCV score of 0.810 and was the highest indicator was 'proper performance of exercise'. 14. 'Knowledge: Substance Use Control' attained an OCV score of 0.809 and was the highest indicator was 'description of signs of dependence during substance withdrawl'. 15. 'Knowledge: Treatment Procedure(s)' attained an OCV score of 0.795 and was the highest indicator was 'description of appropriate action for complications'. 16. 'Knowledge: Treatment Regimen' attained an OCV score of 0.816 and was the highest indicator was 'description of self-care responsibilities for emergency situations'. More outcomes need to be validated and outcomes sensitive to Korean culture need to be developed.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.73-90
• /
• 2005

Objectives: Smokers who had failed to quit smoking were frequently reported that life stress mostly interrupted their abstention. Stress vulnerability model for smoking cessation has been considered, and most of contemporary smoking cessation programs help smokers develop coping strategies for stressful situations. This study aims to investigate the appropriate coping styles for stress of abstention from smoking. The result of investigating the relationship between abstention following smoking cessation program and coping styles would suggest useful information for those who want to stop smoking and health practitioners who help them. Methods: Participants were 69 smokers (62 males, 7 females) participated in a hospitalized smoking cessation program, whose mean age was 44.89 (SD=9.61). Participants took medical test and completed questionnaires and psychological tests including: Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence and Multidimensional Coping Scale. To identify participants' abstention, researchers followed them for 2 years. To identify whether abstained or not and encourage them to abstain, researchers called them on the telephone once a week for 3 months. After 3 months, they were contacted every other week till 6 months passed since they left smoking cessation program. And they were contacted once a month for other 18months. Researchers also contacted their family to identify their abstention. Data Mining Decision Tree was performed with 37 variables (13 variables for the coping styles and 24 smoking-related variables) by Answer Tree 3.0v Results: Forty four (63.8%) out of sixty nine for 2 weeks, 34 (49.3%) for 6 months, 25 (36.2%) abstained for 1 year, and 22 (31.9%) abstained for 2 years. Participants of this study abstained average of 286.77 days from smoking. Included variables of a Decision Tree model for this study were positive interpretation, emotional expression, self-criticism, restraint and emotional social support seeking. Decision Tree model showed that those (n=9) who did not interpret positively (<=7.5) and criticized themselves (>6.5) abstained 23 days only, while those (n=9) who interpreted positively (>7.5), expressed their emotion freely (>6.5), and sought social support actively (>11.5) abstained 730 days, till last day of the investigation. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that certain coping styles such as positive interpretation, emotional expression, self-criticism, restraint and emotional social support seeking were important factors for long-term abstention from smoking. These findings reiterate the role of stress for abstention from smoking and suggest a model of coping styles for successful abstention from smoking. Despite of limitation of this study, it might help smokers who want to stop smoking and health practitioners who help them.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2009

As the natural aggregates such as sand and clay are getting exhausted, the quantity of utilizing geosynthetics is being increased in the solid waste landfill. Especially, the waste landfills have been constructed at the gorge in the mountainous area and reclaimed land from the sea in the Korean Peninsula. Those areas are not favorable for construction of waste landfill in geotechnical engineering aspect. In this study, the frictional characteristics of geosynthetics that used in the waste landfill were estimated. Then, the studies of the behavior of geosynthetics and stability of LDCRS (Leachate Detection, Collection, and Removal System) of side slope were conducted in the waste landfill by means of the pilot test, and numerical analysis. Geocomposite which is combined type or separated type is influenced on the strain itself, and also implicated in the stress and strain of geomembrane at the lower layer. The strain on the combined type of geocomposite is about 50% smaller than that of the separated type at the side slope. The lateral displacement and settlement of top at the slope with the separated type are three times greater than that of the combined type. In the numerical analysis, discontinuous plans in between ground and geosynthetic, geosynthetic and geosynthetic, goesynthetic and waste have been modeled with the interface element. The results gave a good agreement with the field large-scale model test. The relative displacements of geosynthetics were also investigated and hence the interface modeling of liner system is appropriate for analysis of geosynthetics liner system in the waste landfill.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.95-107
• /
• 2016

The axle weight of a vehicle in motion can be measured with a low-speed or high-speed weigh-in-motion (WIM). However, the axial load dynamically change depending on the vehicle's characteristics-such as the chassis or axle structure-or the characteristics of the driving environment such as road flatness. The changes in dynamic load lead to differences between the vehicle's weight measured at rest and the vehicle's weight measured in motion. For this Study, an experiment was conducted with an instrumented vehicle to analyze the range of errors caused by uncontrollable environmental factors by identifying the characteristics of the dynamic load changes of a vehicle in motion, and determine the appropriate scale for the accuracy evaluation of a high-speed WIM, as a preparatory research for the introduction of unmanned overweight enforcement systems in the future. The key findings from the experiment are summarized as follows. First, The gross weight of the tested vehicle changed by approximately 1% at low velocities and approximately by 4% at high velocities, and the vehicle's axle weight changed by approximately 1-3%, at low velocities and by 2-9% at high velocities. A single axle showed larger weight changes than individual axles in a group. Secondly, The vehicle's gross weight and the axle weight on the impact section were up to eight times and three-to-twelve times higher, respectively, than its gross weight and the axle weight on the flat section. The vibration frequency of the vehicle's dynamic load was measured at between 2.4 and 5.8Hz, and found to return to the normal amplitude after moving approximately 30 meters.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.63-68
• /
• 2017

Purpose: Various studies to solve the problem of increased energy consumption in the buildings are being carried out recently. Especially, the economic feasibility and insulation performance of the air-cap have been verified so that various studies regarding the reduction of building energy consumption have been carried out. However, previous studies regarding the air-cap were only carried out based on the verification of its insulation performance according to the size and attachment position of the air-cap. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to suggest a detachable air-cap module for improving the performance of the windows, evaluate the performance based on cooling, heating and light environments and verify its effectiveness through a real-scale testbed. Method: In this study, the energy saving performance in the circumstance where there is no attachment of an air-cap (Case 1), the circumstance where there is the attachment of air-cap on the glass surface of window (Case 2) and the circumstance where there is the attachment of an air-cap on the window frame (Case 3) were compared in order to verify the performance of the detachable air-cap module (Case 4), and the electricity consumption of cooling, heating and lighting equipment to maintain the appropriate indoor temperature and Illuminance for each case was calculated and utilized as indicators for the performance evaluation. Result: The result of this study is as follows. 1) In this study, the detachable air-cap module which was easily detachable through the principle of the magnet was suggested. 2) When Case 4 is applied, the electricity consumption of cooling and heating equipment can be reduced by 27.5%, 13.2% and 3.4% in comparison with Case 1, Case 2 and Case 3 respectively. 3) When the air-cap is applied to the window, the lighting energy consumption increases by 4 % in comparison to the non application of the air-cap, and this factor or aspect should be considered when applying the air-cap. 4) According to the performance evaluation result in consideration of cooling, heating and light environments, Case 4 demonstrates an energy saving ratio of 22.6%, 10.6% and 2.7% in comparison to Case 1, Case 2 and Case 3 respectively, indicating that it is effective for improving the performance of windows.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.513-521
• /
• 2003

Existing tests results have shown that confining the concrete compression region with closed stirrups improves the ductility and load-carrying capacity of beams. However, only few researchers have attempted to utilize the beneficial effects of the presence of these stirrups in design. This paper presents the result of experimental studies on the load-deflection behavior and the strengthening effect of laterally confined structural high-strength concrete beam members in which confinement stirrups have been introduced into the compression regions. Fifteen tests were conducted on full-scale beam specimens having concrete compressive strength of 41 MPa and 61 MPa. Different spacing of stirrups(0.25∼1.0d) and amount of tension steel($0.55{\sim}0.7{\rho}_b$) as major variables were investigated. And also, this study present an appropriate shear equation for decision of ultimate failure modes of high-strength concrete beams according to stirrup spacing. The equation is based on interaction between shear strength and displacement ductility. Prediction of failure mode from presented method and comparison with test results are also presenteded