• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual conditions related to the working environment of radiological technologist who is working in small or medium-sized hospitals or clinics. The results of this study were intended to improve the working environment of radiological technologist and care for patients. For data collection, a structured questionnaire was used as a research tool, and 838 women (52.4%) were used as a general characteristic of 1,598 people subject to this questionnaire. The annual salary of radiological technologists with less than one year experience was 33.76 million won, and the average annual salary of radiological technologists with more than 10 years of experience was 41.33 million won. It showed an increased of 1.84% per year. Among 1,540 radiological technologists, 879 workers were paid holiday work allowances, 340 workers did not, and 321 holiday workers work during the week. In addition, a total of 817 workers received overtime payment, of which 112 received overtime wage on a monthly basis regardless of the overtime hours. In addition, a total of 348 radiological technologists were not paid overtime wage, and 138 workers were included in the basis salary. There were no union in 85% of the them. According to the results of this study, the wages and working environment of radiological technologists in small or medium-sized hospitals or clinics were not appropriate. Therefore, the efforts of the radiological association and its members are necessary to provide a better working environment for radiological technologists. In addition, it is expected that this study will be used as basic data for the association's policy to improve the working environment of members who work in poor conditions.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.689-706
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• 2002

This paper makes some contributions on optimal environmental taxes in the generalized utilitarian social welfare function. It is not to suggest as to appropriate environmental tax rates but to contribute the direction of environmental tax policy. The tax rates depend on parameters of individual utility function (CES utility function) and social welfare function and income tax rate. The major findings are that, as the elasticity of substitution between labor and leisure and the concavity of social welfare function increase, both the optimal tax rates and the government demogrants rise. And, as the parameter of environmental pollution in the individual utility function increases, the optimal tax rates also increase. For the future study, this model involves the income tax and the capital tax as endogenous variables and the wage changes due to international trade.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.197-207
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was carried out to deveop nursing costs and to substantiate the application of appropriate activity-based nursing costs for the current clinical nurse specialists. Method: The study sample was a group of 8 home health care team of the tirtiary Hospital in Korea. The data was collected from September 2003 through December 2004. The statistical analysis was done by SPSS PC 11.0 program and calculated mean and the standard deviation. In Lee(2003)'s nursing activity analysis, nursing activities were classified into two major classification, 19 domains and 70 activities. Each activities was calculated using its work validity, physical effort, psychological effort, stress as a intensity, and the necessary time. The simple work costs was calculated the work wage per minute and the necessary time. The work load intensity was calculated using the work wage per minute and the necessary time work load intensity/100. Results: In this study, the work wage was 283 won per minute. The work validity ranged from 2.71-4.00. The highest simple work cost/work load intensity cost was 12,735won/47,374won for research activity, 10,700won/27,499won for bedsore care, and 9,727won/35,114won for deathbed care. The lowest simple work cost/work load intensity cost was 2,123won/2,038won for intramuscular injection, 2,210won/2,166won for hypodermic injection, and 2,210won/1,547won for a application of medicine(or ointment or cream). Conclusions: It revealed that the nursing cost should be considered validity, physical effort, psychological effort, stress as a intensity, and necessary time. Therefore, It is necessary to calculate nursing cost systematically based on activities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.461-467
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• 2020

Industrial consultation is a kind of personal service for companies. The Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation sets up a consultation contract in which a professor performs the consultation as the person in charge. Recently, there is an issue regarding taxation of the consulting fee paid to the professor; in short, there is no standardized practice for the imposition of income tax. In this study, we examine the characteristics of industrial consultation and present an acceptable taxation rule based on related laws. First, it is not appropriate to regard consulting fees as wage income, considering that there is no employment relationship between the Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation and the professor. Considering that the base consulting fee amount is the same as the invention compensation, according to accounting practices, and that an employee invention is apt to be derived in the consultation, it is reasonable that the consulting fee should be regarded as wage income similar to employee invention compensation. As treating the consulting fee as wage income could end up reducing industrial consultations, the government should amend the income tax law to include industrial consultation as a type of other income.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2020

There has not been any scientific analysis on appropriate size of workforce and salary for civilian workers in military so far. Thus, this paper conducted analysis on propriety in employment size of military doctrine researchers using system dynamic methodology based on annual military doctrine workload. Vensim software was mainly used to measure complement of the research group based on data from job analysis. Secondly, a multiple regression analysis was performed to study an appropriate wage for researchers based on their expertise and working condition. The data from twenty public research institutions and twenty eight job positions that are performing similar duty with military doctrine researchers was obtained and utilized to create a salary-estimation regression equation in the analysis. Finally, with cost-benefit analysis method this paper studied financial effectiveness of hiring military doctrine researchers. Contingent valuation method, which has been recognized as one of the most effective methodologies in cost-benefit analysis on intangible value, was utilized to measure benefit of hiring the researchers. The methodology presented in this paper can be applied to measure and improve the efficiency of military organization not only in military doctrine research area but also in several military functional area (military training, logistics, administration, combat development, and combat support).

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.67-90
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• 1996

As an important factor of capitalism economics, price of commodities represents a certain country's economic index. For having correct price policy, there should be an appropriate mechanism to make and use systematic statistical data on price. Price statistics are made by indexes and price indexes are categorized into producer price index(PPI) and consumer price index(CPI). The Bank of Korea is publishing producer price index every year, but the producer price index contains some problems. These include as follows : (a) the impractical selection of fisheries products sample (b) uncorrect measure of aquatic products weights (c) investigating sample places. This study try to substitute producer price index of aquatic products and change construction of fisheries producer price index with experimental research on representative fisheries, weight of each fisheries, and suitability of investigating sample places. It is possible to improve practical fisheries producer price index with the results of this research. The findings are as follow. (a) It will be helpful for the government to make the fisheries price policy. (b) It can be used to understand trends of accurate price and price increase of aquatic products, and it's possible to compare with it other industrial indexes including the mining, agricultural, and manufacturing industry and understand relative price movement. (c) When free sales systems of fisheries products as expected, it will be helpful to analyze price movement of producing fisheries cooperatives, producing fisheries market and consuming fisheries market, analysis of market, and formation and consideration of budget. (d) It can be an important index to determine labor wage.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.385-396
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• 2006

The successful knowledge and information based companies facilitate to restructure the industry and strengthen the national competitiveness in the future. The advent of information age provides us new challenge because the information breakthrough can play a pivotal role in terms of knowledge transfer in the human resource management. Executive officer must present long term vision in order to expand enterprise continuously and establish long term management goal and strategy which are appropriate for key organizational skills of future management environment (Pfeffer, 1998). Also, long term talent management based on vision, goal and strategy and talent development strategy and employment management must be established (小池, 1994)). American HRM system's reformation cannot be defined without scientific management policy. However, currently widely discussed Japanese HRM system's reformation cannot be defined without organizational commitment focused Japanese employment system. (津田, 1992 ; 太田, 1994). Japan's development of the following policies are behind comparing to Europe : (1)Skill based talent management regardless of age, sex, nationality, race and academic background (2)Consideration of retirement age of 64 (3)Creativity and freedom promoting talent management policy. Also, there are problems to be solved. Solutions will be searched for by establishing new wage policy based on tasks and individuals in the basis of lifetime employment system.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.215-227
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• 2011

Purpose: This research was done to identify relationships among job stress, fatigue, job satisfaction, and commitment to organization in emergency department nurses. Methods: Research participants were 513 nurses who worked in the emergency department of 17 tertiary centers and 28 secondary hospitals. Data collection for this descriptive correlational study was done from May to July 2010 using self report questionnaires, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient with the SAS 9.2 program. Results: There were statistically significant differences in organizational commitment according to age, religion, total clinical experience, emergency department experience, current position, frequency of night shift, average sleep hours, wage level, numbers of beds in unit, and reason for working. A positive correlation was found between job stress and fatigue, and between job satisfaction and commitment to organization for the emergency department nurses and a negative correlation between job stress and Job satisfaction, and fatigue and Job satisfaction. Conclusion: Results of this research indicate that job stress in emergency department nurses was the principal variable affecting job satisfaction and commitment to organization along with fatigue. Appropriate stress management strategies based on identification of job stress for these nurses should lead to development of improved management of nursing manpower and a reduction in stress.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1057-1066
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to provide a reference material for improving the work environment to reduce the turnover intention of clinical dental hygienists in the future by identifying the problem of the turnover phenomenon of clinical dental hygienists in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Methods: The method of this study used the raw data of 'A Survey on the Current Work Environment of Clinical Dental Hygienists' from August 29 to September 28, 2017, and 2,974 clinical dental hygienists in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do were finally selected as the study subjects. Results: The results showed that excessive workload, inadequate pay, and hierarchical organizational culture of a workplace were the main factors influencing the turnover intention of clinical dental hygienists, and the lack of welfare system, low wage and practical experience also affected their turnover intention. Conclusions: In order to reduce the turnover intention of clinical dental hygienists, it is important to create a working atmosphere where the members of an organization can freely share and communicate suggestions and improvements, and to pay their salary appropriate to the duties and roles of dental hygienists, and accordingly they will be able to carry out the duties with responsibility for a long time without moving to another organization.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.61-76
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• 1993

This study was done in order La provide basic data to a Fee System for hospital based Home Health Care services in Korea in the future. It was done by investigating activities provided to possible Home Health Care clients who could be discharged early from genera] hospitals and then estimating the nursing care fee according to each nursing activity based upon the time used for activity. The subjects of the study were selected by convenience sampling and consisted of 35 clients who might be clients for Home Nursing Care and were presently admitted to a medical- surgical ward of Y University Medical Center located in Seoul, Korea. The data collection period was from September 1, 1991 to September 30, 1991. The research in strum nets utilized for the study were a client selection criterial for Home Health Care developed by Choo(l991) and a check-list of nursing activity developed by researcher. The results of the study were as follows : 1. There were 44 different nursing activities provided in the seven days but the time was calculated for only 25 of the nursing activities. 2. Fees for the 25 different nursing activities were calculated by multipling the median of the average wage of a staff nurse having five years experience in an A grade general hospital to the Lime of the nursing activity. The results were compared with the insurance fee which the government recognized as an appropriate fee for that activity. The nursing activities with a lower calculated fee than the insurance fee were suction, catheterization, exercise education and dressing change. The nursing activities with a higher calculated fee than the government recognized fee were 1M injection and vital sign check. 3. There was a range of 1-15 nursing activities provided daily to the client. For the average number of nursing activities per day of 6.26 events the nursing care fee was calaulated at W 6136 per day. 4. Based upon the results of the study, a recommentdation for a Home Health Care fee per visit based on the nursing activities provided could be formulated for a Home Health Care fee system. It could be formulated as following: 1) Home health Care fee per visit $=[(direct{\;} nursing{\;}fee(direct{\;}nursing{\;}care{\;}time{\;}per{\;}activity{\;}{\times}{\;}average{\;}nursing{\;}wage)+indirect fee]{\times}average$ nursing activity per visit]+management fee+ materials fee+a travel fee In this way a nursing fee could be calculated based upon the result of the study of the nursing fees per visit. 2) Nursing activity fees per visit. = $([direct nursing{\;}care{\;}fee+indirect{\;}nursing{\;}fee]{\times}average$ number of nursing activities provided per visit] (W 6, 136) + travel fee(\ 5, 542) +management fee material $fee({\alpha})\{\;}16, 436+{\alpha}$ The nursing fee per visit as calculated in this research of $\{\;}15, 0000+{\alpha}$ could be adjusted according to the patient's condition or the use of high technology nursing care or according to the amount of time spent for travel. The nursing care fee per visit presented in this study can be validated through a Home Health Care demonstration project.