• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.215-228
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• 2017

Taking a look at recent trends of port cities, many port cities in the world have been shedding new light on the function being kept by existing port spaces, caused by changes of industrial structure according to the stream of the times, developments of surrounding areas, and etc., and we can see that its meaning also has been changing. However, in case of domestic port spaces they are in the real situation not responding to those movements quickly. Therefore, unlike the existing zoning system dividing functionally urban spaces according to use simply, in this study FBCs getting the timelight recently as a system capable of reflecting spatial characteristics at the maximum have been utilized as a measure for solving current problems of urban spaces. The purpose of this study is to propose the direction of urban planning approach that harmonizes the whole harbor space by strengthening the interlinkage between heterogeneous spaces of port area and port area using FBCs. FBCs are institutional devices that are proposed and implemented in the United States to reflect the unique characteristics of the space, that is, the location and the uniqueness, and the pedestrian-oriented space planning.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.345-352
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• 2024

K-Pop Square Media, located at COEX in Samseong-dong, has gained public attention and mass media focus by showcasing various three-dimensional videos on a large LED display. The video content on the distinctive large curved LED display utilizes a form of media façade technique, establishing itself as a new landmark and attraction within the spatial characteristics of the COEX Plaza. This study aims to examine the characteristics of media facades used in outdoor advertising in urban spaces, focusing on K-Pop Square Media. The approach for this research involves three aspects: Firstly, examining the 'spatial characteristics' of urban public spaces by referencing Kevin Lynch's five elements constituting urban space and William J. Mitchell's exploration of smart spaces and changes in spatial paradigms. Secondly, analyzing the 'digital nature' of outdoor advertising through an examination of three types of Digital Out-Of-Home (DOOH) Media. Thirdly, exploring the 'technological advancements and content composition of media facades' by investigating types of display media (projection, LED screens), the inception of media facades, and the latest display technology like Anamorphic displays. Through this research, it becomes evident that K-Pop Square Media exhibits characteristics of publicness, communicativeness, artistry, and placemaking through the spatial characteristics of smart spaces, the media-specific aspects of Digital Out-Of-Home advertising, and the content composition of media facades.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

The outdoor space of an elementary school is the most familiar and most educational area for children. A paradigm shift in education has demanded a new role and direction for these outdoor spaces. The construction of children-friendly spaces, however, lags behind. The child-participatory design process is very meaningful at a time when many outdoor spaces have difficulties in reflecting the varied and specific demands of children. This study realized the necessity for a design that includes a child-participatory design process in construction the outdoor spaces of elementary schools. Through reference study and a theoretical approach of related laws, this study established a child-participatory design process model and applied it to Seoul Don-Am Elementary School. The design process included playing games and providing interesting tools to increase the participation of children in suggesting and presenting their opinions more freely. The design process of this study is described in five steps(eliciting interest in and recognition of the target space, Understanding children's expectations and the expressing thereof, Establishing factors for planning, Visualizing and arranging spaces, and Decision-making and building a final design plan). This process was applied to the planning and design of an outdoor space for Seoul Don-Am Elementary School. In this study, it is clear that the design of the participators and experts have a different purpose. Thus, the process of the design has more meaning than the final product. In addition, it is expected that an improvement in both tangible and intangible designs will be seen. Using a participatory design process, this study successfully improved the facilities and arrangement planning of an outdoor space. At the same time, it also enhanced the interest and participation of children in the process of creating the kind of school they desire. The significance of this study is that it has suggested an effective model to reflect the demands of children, the true users of the outdoor space, and the results were actually applied to elementary school outdoor planning and designing. This study enhanced the awareness of school members in the process of building the school's outdoor space.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.77-85
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• 2010

The Therme Vals is a hotel and spa which combines a complete sensory experience designed by Peter Zumthor. This study aims to find emotional design approaches of the Therme Vals through references, observation from site visit, interview and discussion related to this topic. This space was designed for visitors to luxuriate and rediscover the ancient benefits of bathing. The combinations of light and shade, open and enclosed spaces and linear elements make for a highly sensuous and restorative experience. The study observed the emotional design characteristics of the Therme Vals through space approach, aesthetic and experiential sides. For space approach side, emotional experience in gradual process to approach the space was mentioned, for aesthetic side, mystical combination of light, stone and water was observed, for experiential side, 5 senses experience and space programing for adjusting the density of the space were observed. This study found that the spa has the quality of spiritual, soul-touching delight like religious experience. The fascination for the mystic qualities of a world of stone within the mountain, for darkness and light, for light reflections on the water or in the steam saturated air, pleasure in the unique acoustics of the bubbling water in a world of stone, the ritual of bathing-all these notions were explained in Peter Zumthor's construction details. In the result of the interview and discussion, people love the space and praised it highly for the emotional design regardless of space experience, age, sex or ethnicity. Emotional design approaches based on human nature, materiality, and memory of the places is more powerful than other emotional design ideas with technical devices, special themes, digital effects, vivid colors and shapes.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.1-34
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• 2018

This paper attempts to provide a new theoretical approach and an empirical analysis based on it to interrogate the structure of household income inequality and its changes in South Korea in the 2010s. Previous research on inequality in sociology, labor economics and feminism has focused on local inequalities which derive from specific spaces of society. For a comprehensive understanding of social inequality in totality, it requires a discussion of global inequality beyond local inequalities. Thus, a synthetic approach that integrates local inequalities, encompassing class, the labor market, population, and family. By using regression-based inequality decomposition, we decompose the contribution of gender, level of education, employment status, occupation, household composition and wealth to household income inequality. This paper shows that household and wealth, as well as the factors discussed in the previous research, are significant factors affecting household income inequality in South Korea.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.649-657
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• 2006

Reinforcement Learning is a computational approach to learning whereby an agent take an action which maximize the total amount of reward it receives among possible actions within current state when interacting with a uncertain environment. Q-learning, one of the most active algorithm in Reinforcement Learning, is consist of rewards which is obtained when an agent take an action. But it has the problem with mapping real world to discrete states. When state spaces are very large, Q-learning suffers from time for learning. In constant, when the state space is reduced, many state spaces map to single state space. Because an agent only learns single action within many states, an agent takes an action monotonously. In this paper, to reduce time for learning and complement simple action, we propose the Q-learning using influence map(QIM). By using influence map and adjacent state space's learning result, an agent could choose proper action within uncertain state where an agent does not learn. When this paper compares simulation results of QIM and Q-learning, we show that QIM effects as same as Q-learning even thought QIM uses 4.6% of the Q-learning's state spaces. This is because QIM learns faster than Q-learning about 2.77 times and the state spaces which is needed to learn is reduced, so the occurred problem is complemented by the influence map.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.454-461
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• 2010

The new SOLAS regulation permits the alternative design approach for the approval of designs which deviate from those where prescriptive rules apply. The new approach is being promoted by recent advances of noble designs such as those employing large public spaces in passenger ships. From the respect of fire safety, it is needed to show that the level of safety of new design is equivalent to what can be achieved from the prescriptive rules where the fire simulation is regarded to be the essential tool. This paper provides an overview of the process of performance-based design of the smoke extraction system in a cafeteria of a ROPAX. FDS, a CFD fire simulation software is used to show that the field-model software can improve the fire safety over what are expected from prescriptive rule sets or zone-model application.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.51-60
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• 2006

Ten years have passed since the Demolishing Walls Campaign has started in Daegu. Recently, the campaign influenced to the other cities in Korea, such as Seoul, Incheon and Busan with various names regarding cities' circumstances. In these context, the study aims to highlight the identity of the Demolishing Walls Campaign compare Daegu with other cities where similar movement has started. In addition, the study evaluates the campaign in terms of physical, psychological and economical aspects to suggest some practical suggestion for the development of the campaign based on questionnaire survey. The research findings are as follows. The research shows that the identity of the Daegu Campaign is started by bottom-up approach based on citizens' participation compare with others cities' campaigns which are mainly started by the local government so called top-down method. The Daegu campaign influences the local people aware of their potential abilities in positively improving urban environment. The results of survey also highlights the advantages of green spaces which by the campaign in terms of environmental and economical aspects. Newly generating urban greens accept and store heat which Influences urban microclimate conditions and it possibly affects energy savings of the city. Most of survey participants eager to continue this campaign which shows positive results in various aspects by the local people. Therefore, the city government building a coalition of local people, NGOs, and interest group to keep the identity of the campaign in Daegu.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.01a
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• pp.139-146
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• 2011

The present study proposes an innovative approach to develop educational contents for the field trip with creative activities. In the study, the field trip with creative activities extends students' learning spaces from not only the classroom but also social circumstances. With the use of the Creative Resource Map (CRM) for students' field trip, students can approach to rich contents whenever and wherever they want. For this, it is necessary to have a variety of curriculum-related contents. For the content development, it is important to enhance mutual cooperation between school and local community as well as to create local capacity for the development of the u-learning contents with smart devices.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.157-165
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• 2009

The aim of this study on the Munich Olympic Park is to understand the characteristics and design techniques of the environmental design of G$\ddot{u}$nther Behnisch's architecture. This particular work is chosen because it represents a turning point in his architectural life in terms of his approach to environmental design. The goal of this paper is to research Behnisch's design techniques in order to realiz a way to apply nature-friendly design in contemporary-architecture. In Behnisch's architectural works, the organic design philosophies of Hugo H$\ddot{a}$ring and Hans Scharoun are clealy echoed. The site and natural surroundings are always important in his architecture. In terms of his environmentally-friendly approach, Behnisch's architecture can be defined as one which espresses a harmony between architecture and the naturale-surroundings. In terms of the structural aspect, Behnisch's architectural forms are not imposing, but rather waiting to be discovered naturally. In terms of spatial characteristics, Behnisch's spaces are based on organic characteristics and have a strong relationship between the outside and inside. In particular, the artificial architectural landscape in the Munich Olympic Park through cable-construction connects perfectly with nature.