• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2022

Background: Bird dog exercise (BDE) is one of the lumbar stabilization exercises that rehabilitate low back pain by co-contraction of the local and global muscles. Previous studies have reported the effect of various type of BDEs (for example, practicing the exercises on various surfaces and changing the limb movement) for muscle co-contraction. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the effect of knee joint flexion position of the raised lower limb on abdominal and back muscle activity during BDE in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Methods: Thirteen males participated in this study (age: 32.54 ± 4.48 years, height: 177.38 ± 7.17 cm). Surface electromyographic (SEMG) data of the internal abdominal oblique (IO), external abdominal oblique (EO), lumbar multifidus (MF), and thoracic part of the iliocostalis lumborum (ICLT) were collected in two knee joint flexion positions (90° flexion versus 0° flexion) during BDE. The SEMG data were expressed as a percentage of root mean square mean values obtained in the maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Results: Greater muscle activity of the IO (p = 0.001), MF (p = 0.009), and ICLT (p = 0.021) of the raised lower limb side and the EO (p = 0.001) and MF (p = 0.009) of the contralateral side were demonstrated in the knee joint flexion position compared to the knee joint extension position. Greater local/global activity ratios of the abdominal muscle (i.e., IO and EO) of the raised lower limb (p = 0.002) and the back muscle (i.e., MF and ICLT) of the contralateral side (p = 0.028) were also noted in the knee joint flexion position. Conclusion: BDE with a knee joint flexion position might be recommended as an alternative lumbar stabilization exercise to enhance muscle activity in both the raised lower limb and the contralateral sides of the trunk for individuals with CLBP.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2023

Purpose: Providing tutoring services may be one of the most effective practices for improving academic performance and student retention. However, there is little information on the difference between mandatory tutoring (MT) and voluntary tutoring (VT) on the impact of student academic performance. This investigation compared the effectiveness of VT and MT services in the three upper level undergraduate classes. Research design, data, and methodology: Baseline data were collected in a spring semester where no tutoring of any kind was offered (control group (CG), n=78). The MT (n=104) was required in the following fall semester, and in the next spring semester only VT (n=97) was offered. Descriptive statistics and One-way ANOVA using IBM SPSS v23 (Chicago, IL) were used to analyze the final grades of the courses to identify differences in final grades between semesters. Results: Although final grades averaged from three classes were highest in the MT group, there were no statistical differences between the MT and VT groups, F(2, 292) = 1.150, p =.318. Conclusion: This study indicates there was no significant difference in academic performance between the two tutoring types, but that both tutoring services can be effective.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.948-955
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 평발을 가진 여성 노인의 계단 하강 보행 시 일반인솔 및 아치 지지형 인솔을 적용에 따른 족저압력 및 압력중심점 변인들의 차이를 조사하는데 목적이 있다. 족저압력 분석장비(Pedar-X, Novel, Germany)를 사용하여 14명의 평발 노인을 대상으로 3종류(일반인솔, A형 인솔, B형 인솔)의 인솔착용 후 최대족저압력, 평균족저압력, 접촉면적, 압력중심점의 이동거리, 변위 및 최대범위의 평균값을 산출하였으며, 일원변량분석(one-way ANOVA)를 이용하여 인솔 종류간 평균을 비교하였다. 족저 압력 변인 중 최대족저압력은 중족부의 M3, 평균족저압력은 M2, M3, M4 영역에서, 접촉면적은 M2, M3, 그리고 M6 영역에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 압력중심점 변인 중 전후축과 좌우축에서 압력중심점의 이동거리에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 족저압력 평가결과 아치 지지 기능을 가진 인솔을 삽입한 A와 B형 인솔에서 족궁지지 영역인 M3의 최대압력은 B형 인솔과 A형 인솔이 일반인솔과 비교했을 때 높게 나타났다. 좌우축, 전후축 압력중심점의 이동거리는 A형과 B형 인솔 모두 일반 인솔에 비해 짧게 나타났다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this experimental study have been testifying about reactive muscle control regarding sternocleidomastoid and psoas. Low back pain patient do not sit-up exercise without abnormality of trunk flexor. The reason of problem is unbalance sternocleidomastoid and psoas. According to George J, Goodheart who have been developing Applied Kinesiology (A. K.) since reactive muscle recognized gait testing in 1964. Materials and Methods: From September, 2004 to February, 2005, I have controled sternocleidomastoid and psoas. It is applied to the patients who are unable sit up exercise at Yang-Dong local clinic, Yang-Pyung county, Kyung-Gi Do province in Korea. 24 Patients divided 2 groups. A group is applied general physical therapy. Also B group is added reactive muscle control from M.E.M.P.T.(Korean society of muscle and energy monitoring physical therapy) Results : The results of this study follow. 1. Possible sit up group 8 persons of the second group. 2. Not possible sit up group the others. Conclusion: The study present that reactive muscle control sternocliedomastoid and psoas is useful in patient with low back pain is difficult to sit up.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine the muscle activities of the erector spinae (ES), gluteus maximus (Gmax), gluteus medius (Gmed), and the hamstring (HAM) and the ratios of Gmax/ES, Gmax/HAM, and Gmed/HAM during the prone heel squeeze (PHS) with different knee flexion angles ($45^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, and $135^{\circ}$). Fifteen young and healthy subjects (8 men, 7 women) were recruited for the study. Surface electromyography signals were collected on ES, Gmax, Gmed, and HAM during PHS. A separate one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to determine the significance of the muscle activities of ES, Gmax, Gmed, and HAM and the ratios of Gmax/ES, Gmax/HAM, and Gmed/HAM with different knee flexion angles during PHS. There was a significant increase in the Gmax activity at the knee flexion of $90^{\circ}$ in comparison with that of the $45^{\circ}$ (p=.016). There were significant increases in the Gmed activity at the knee flexion of $90^{\circ}$ (p=.008) and $135^{\circ}$ (p=.006) in comparison with that of the $45^{\circ}$. There were significant decreases in the HAM activity at the knee flexion of $90^{\circ}$ (p=.009) and $135^{\circ}$ (p=.004) in comparison with that of the $45^{\circ}$. There were significant increases in the Gmax/HAM muscle activity ratio at the knee flexion of $90^{\circ}$ (p=.007) and $135^{\circ}$ (p=.012) in comparison with that of the $45^{\circ}$. There were significant increase in the Gmed/HAM muscle activity ratio at the knee flexion of $135^{\circ}$ in comparison with that of the $45^{\circ}$ (p=.008). The knee flexion of $90^{\circ}$ during PHS can induce decreasing activity of HAM and increasing activity of Gmax, and the knee flexion of $135^{\circ}$ during PHS can induce decreasing activity of HAM and increasing activity of Gmed. Hence, PHS with different knee flexion positions could be considered for the different target muscle.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2024

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether dancers with chronic ankle instability (CAI) exhibit different characteristics in dynamic postural control ability and ankle joint laxity compared to dancers without CAI and non-dancers with CAI. Method: Twelve dancers with CAI, 14 dancers without CAI, and 12 non-dancers with CAI participated in the study. Dynamic balance was evaluated using the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and the single-leg hop balance. The laxity of the ankle joint was evaluated through the anterior drawer test and the talar tilt test. SEBT measured maximum reach distances in anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions. Single-leg hop assessed center of pressure (COP) and time-to-boundary (TTB) outcomes. One-way ANOVA and Chi-square tests were performed to compare the outcome variables among the three groups. Results: Dancers with CAI demonstrated greater reach distance in the posterolateral direction compared to non-dancers with CAI during SEBT (p=.014). Secondly, dancers without CAI showed greater reach distance in the posterolateral (p<.001) and posteromedial (p=.001) directions during SEBT compared to non-dancers with CAI. Additionally, dancers without CAI exhibited better postural control with higher TTB AP mean of minima (p=.003) and TTB AP standard deviation of minima (p=.012) during single-leg hop compared to nondancers with CAI. Thirdly, dancers with CAI showed a lower positive rate during the anterior drawer test compared to non-dancers with CAI (p=.019). Conclusion: Dancers with CAI demonstrated better ankle function and reduced mechanical instability compared to non-dancers with CAI. Therefore, to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of lateral ankle sprain and CAI development exacerbation in dancers, additional factors that can affect ankle sprain, such as visual dependence during postural control and evaluation in dance movements, should be explored.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 충격흡수 및 통기기능 인솔을 적용한 개발 전투화의 족저압력 및 온도변화를 연구하는데 있다. 남성 피험자 11명(age: $21.8{\pm}2.2yrs$, height: $174.3{\pm}3.6cm$, weight: $71.6{\pm}8.6kg$, foot length: $261.0{\pm}1.0mm$)을 대상으로 총 3종류 전투화의 족저압력 및 온도 변화를 비교하였다: 전투화 A(보급형 일반 전투화), 전투화 B(통기구가 적용된 개발 전투화), 전투화 C(전투화 B에 통기기능 및 충격흡수용 인솔 적용). 족저압력 측정을 위해 Pedar-X를 사용하였고, 전투화의 내부온도는 휴대용 써미스터의 온도센서를 사용하였다. 전투화의 종류별 족저압력 및 온도 변화결과를 비교하기 위해 일원변량분석(one-way ANOVA)을 실시한 결과, 첫째, 족저압력 변인에서, 기능성 인솔을 적용한 전투화 C가 전투화 A보다 오른발/왼발 후족부의 최대족저압력에서 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았으며, 전투화 C가 전투화 B보다 왼발 후족부의 평균족저압력에서 통계적으로 유의하게 낮은 압력을 나타내었다. 둘째, 내부온도에서 보행시작 후 40분경과 시점부터 개발 전투화인 B, C가 일반 전투화인 A보다 낮은 내부 온도를 보였다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2010

The purposes of this study was to investigate the biomechanical influence of the walking shoe with a plate spring in the heel and interchangeable heel cushioning elements. Eighteen subjects walked in three conditions: 1) the walking shoes Type A-1 with a soft heel insert, 2) the Type A-2 shoe with a stiff heel insert, 3) a general walking shoe(Type B). Ground reaction forces, leg movements, leg muscle activity and ankle, knee and hip joint loading were measured and calculated during overground walking. During walking, the ankle is a few degrees more dorsiflexed during landing and the knee is slightly more flexed during takeoff with the Type A shoes. As a result of the changes in the walking movement, the ground reaction forces are applied more quickly and the peak magnitudes are higher. Muscle activity of the quadricep, hamstring and calf muscles decrease during the first 25% of the stance phase when walking in the Type A shoes. The resultant joint moments at the ankle, knee and hip joints decrease from 30-40% with the largest reductions occurring during landing.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.97-101
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• 2009

Purpose: This study examined how the direction of carrying a load affects the foot stability and kinesiology while walking. Methods: The heel rotation, Hallux stiffness, foot balance, metatarsal load, toe out angle, subtalar joint flexibility were measured in 40 adults (men and women) who carried a load back and forth, walking on a 2-meter-long board. The measurement was carried out three times and the mean of the measurements was used to compare the difference between the front, back and the condition without a load. Results: While walking, heel rotation and hallux stiffness occurred most when a front load was applied compared to a back load or no load condition (p<0.05). A metatarsal load also appeared to be the highest with the frond load, but there was no significant difference in the balance of the whole foot. Both the toe out angle and subtalar joint flexibility appeared to increase significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion: Applying the front load causes subtalar joint instability and increases the plantar foot pressure imbalance during walking.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.249-258
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• 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze domestic and foreign studies using virtual reality or metaverse for exercise rehabilitation in order to help the disabled or elderly patients with exercise rehabilitation, and suggest a method for using metaverse for exercise rehabilitation. Method: In this study, after analyzing and discussing various information related to the metaverse and exercise rehabilitation through electronic search of recently published papers, academic journals, books, and internet websites, the exercise rehabilitation plan using the metaverse was proposed. Results: In the case of domestic research, the diversity of virtual reality application technology for the rehabilitation of disabled and elderly patients was not secured, but recently, virtual reality or metaverse-related technologies were developed and specialized in a form suitable for exercise rehabilitation. In the case of overseas studies, it was analyzed that exercise rehabilitation using virtual reality and metaverse games for the rehabilitation of disabled and elderly patients can help improve brain, physical ability, and anti-aging by activating the body and mind. Conclusion: Smart metaverse health care is actively introduced to exercise rehabilitation, metaverse telemedicine business is applied to exercise rehabilitation programs, and digital twin games and exercise rehabilitation programs developed by metaverse related companies take into account the characteristics of disabled and elderly patients. If customized smart metaverse healthcare is used for exercise rehabilitation, it is analyzed that it can lead this field.