• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.70-73
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• 2003

Nitrate contamination in the aquatic systems is the primary indicator of poor agricultural management. The influence of sewage sludge application rates (0, 10, 25, 50 and 100 dry Mg/ha) on distribution of nitrate originating from the sewage sludge in soil profiles was investigated. Soil profile monitoring of nitrate was carried out with a Lakeland clay soil in 1997. Irrespectively of the sewage sludge application rates up to 50 dry Mg/ha, the concentration of $NO_3$-N at the 120 cm depth was below 10 mg/kg and the difference due to the amount of sewage sludge application was negligible at this depth. There was virtually no $NO_3$-N below 120 cm depth and this was confirmed by a deep sampling up to 300 cm depth. Most of the nitrate remained in the surface 60 cm of the soil. Below 120 cm depth nitrate concentration was very low because of the denitrification even at high sewage sludge rate of 100 dry Mg/ha. The $NO_3$-N concentrations in the soil fluctuated over the growing season due to plant uptake and denitrification. The risk of groundwater contamination by nitrate from sewage sludge application up to high rate of 100 dry Mg/ha was very low in a wheat grown clay soil with high water table ( < 3 m).

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.170-173
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• 2006

우리나라에서 생산되는 양이 가장 많은 계분부숙퇴비를 벤자민 고무나무에 시용하여 게분부숙퇴비의 사용처와 고무나무의 생육과 품질을 향상 시킬 수 있는 방법을 알아 내기 위하여 시험을 수행한 결과를 보고하고자 한다. 1. 벤자민 고무나무의 생육은 계분 부숙퇴비의 시용량 10%일때 가장 좋았다. 2. 벤자민 고무나무의 양분흡수량은 정식후 일수 가 증가함에 따라 많아 지었는데 성분별로 검토하여 보면 질소 > 칼리 > 석회 > 인산 > 마그네슘의 순으로 많았다. 3. 계분부숙퇴비의 시용량에 따른 양분의 흡수량을 살펴보면 계부숙퇴비 10% 해당량 시용이 가장 많았다. 4. 계분부숙퇴비 시용량이 증가할수록 계분부숙퇴비의 뿌리 발육특성 계분부숙퇴비 10% 해당량 시용이 가장 좋았다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2024

Purposes: This study aims to analyze the correlation with the current status of the medical resident application rate, physician's income, and non-benefit rates of majors in each specialty subject and to suggest implications. Methodology: First, it analyzes the correlation between the medical resident application rate by specialty subject and the income of physicians. Second, it analyzes the correlation between the income of specialists and the non-benefit rate for each specialty subject at the clinic level. Findings: First, a significant positive correlation was found between the medical resident application rate and the average physician's income for each specialty subject (r=.718, p<.01). Second, a significant positive correlation was observed between physician income at the practitioner level by medical specialty and the non-benefit rate (r=.726, p<.01). Practical Implications: In this study, the correlation between medical resident application rate by specialty subject and physician's income, non-payment and physician's income was confirmed. Choosing a department that is less risky and can earn higher income is a natural phenomenon, but it is necessary to adjust the physicians crowding phenomenon to a specific specialty subject at the government level to maintain the medical system.

• 경영과학
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.51-61
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• 1999

Pipeline is an important transportation mode for ail products. The popeline transportation and storage rates affect the popeline usage, and the popeline usage also affects the transportation revenue and operating costs of the popeline. The purpose of our study is to develop a decision support system simulating popeline transportation and storage rates for maximizing the utilization and profitability of the oil pipeline and apply it to the real situation. To do this, a simulation model to help the decision maker decide the rates of the oil pipeline is first proposed. Second, a simulation program is developed, which enables the user to evaluate the various scenarios of oil transportation and storage rates. Finally, this program is applied to the case study of oil industry in korea.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.342-349
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• 1998

질소 시비량과 시비시 관수량이 온주밀감에 있어서 봄비료와 여름비료의 질소회수율에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자, 8년생 궁천조생에 질소기준량($150kg\;ha^{-1}$ 년$^{-1}$) 표층시비, 기준량 5 mm 관수, 기준량 20 mm 관수, 50% 감비 20 mm 관수 처리를 두고 봄과 여름비료로 각각 기준량의 50%(중질소 봄시용구에는 표지질소, 여름시용구에는 일반질소 시용)와 20%(중질소 봄시용구에는 일반질소, 여름시용구에는 표지질소 시용) 비율로 분시하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 과실 수량 및 과즙의 산도를 제외한 품질, 엽신의 질소함량은 처리간 유의한 차이가 없었다. 산도는 기준량 시용구에 비해 50% 감비 관수구에서 다소 낮았다. 나무당 질소회수율은 중질소 봄시용구에서는 7.8~8.3%로 처리간 차이가 없었으나 중질소 여름시용구에서는 50% 감비 관수구에서 18.0%로 기준량 시용구에서의 11.3~14.2%에 비해 다소 높은 경향이었다. 토심 40cm내의 질소잔류율(회수율)은 중질소 봄시용구의 경우 기준량시용구에서 32.1~37.7%, 50% 감비 관수구에서는 55.8%이었다. 중질소 여름시용구에서는 기준량 표층시비구에서 69.8%이었고 관수구에서는 80.7~84.4%이었다. 전체(수체 및 토심 40cm내) 질소회수율은 중질소 봄시용구의 경우 50% 감비 관수구에서 64.1%로 가장 높았고, 기준량 시용구에서는 40.3~45.5%로 큰 차이가 없었다. 중질소 여름시용구의 전체 회수율도 50% 감비 관수구에서 99.4%로 가장 높았고 기준량 시용구에서는 표층시비구에서 보다 관수구에서 높은 경향이었고 관수구에서는 관수량이 20 mm인 경우가 5 mm 보다 다소 높은 경향이었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.949-954
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• 2011

In this study, the characteristics and error ranges of the mechanical bonding strength were analyzed according to before and after thermal shock test for various chips of automotive application component using Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder. In the after thermal shock test, the mechanical bonding strengths tend to decrease, meanwhile decreasing rates of mechanical strengths were less then 12% at specimen's bonding area below 3.5$mm^2$, and were from 17 to 21% at specimen's bonding area above 12 $mm^2$. On the other hand, Specimen's mean deviation rates were about 5% at specimen's bonding area more than 12 $mm^2$. Inversely, at specimen's bonding area is less then 3.5 $mm^2$, mean deviation rates were increased to about 8%. It means that the smaller device size is, the larger mean deviation rate. In addition, error ranges and deviation rates of the mechanical bonding strengths may differ slightly depending on their bonding area. Furthermore, process conditions as well as method of mechanical reliability evaluation should be established to reduce the error ranges of bonding strength.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.378-380
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: In Korea, green manure has been cultivated for reducing chemical fertilizer application, maintaining soil fertility, and feeding livestock in winter season. We evaluated the phosphate balance under green manure-rice cultivating system with different removal rates of green manure for maintaining soil fertility. METHODS AND RESULTS: The barley and hairy vetch mixture was selected as the green manure in this study. The barley and hairy vetch was sowed at a rate of 135 and 23 kg/ha, respectively, without fertilizer application. Total aboveground biomass was 12000 (barley: 5400 kg/ha, hairy vetch: 6600 kg/ha) kg/ha, and these green manure were incorporated with different input rates before rice planting. The input rates of green manure in this study were 0 (NPK+0%), 25 (NPK+25%), 50 (NPK+50%), 75 (NPK+75%) and 100 % (NPK+100) and the standard fertilization (NPK) without green manure cultivation. All treatments were applied with standard fertilizer (N-P-K: 90-19.6-48.3 kg/ha) before rice planting. The highest rice yield was observed in NPK+50% which was 20% higher compared with NPK. The phosphate balance with different incorporation rates of green manure was-104.0,-76.8,-52.9,-27.4, and 6.0 kg/ha for NPK+0%, NPK+25%, NPK+50%, NPK+75%, and NPK+100%, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): The use of green manure for livestock feeding in green manure-rice cropping systems could remove a huge amount of phosphate. This cropping system strongly requires phosphate application before green manure seeding for maintaining soil fertility.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2000

This experiment was carried out during the period from September, 1997 to October, 1998 to determine the effect of fermented saw-dust pig manure (FSP) application on the herbage production on a mixed pasture in the Cheju brown volcanic ash soil. Split plot design (main plot: 3 nitrogen application levels of 0, 150 and 300 kgiha; sub plot: 4 pig sawdust manure levels of 0, 3, 6 and 12 tonha) was used. Plant height and dry matter yield increased significantly with an increase of nitrogen and FSP level. There was no difference in the botanical composition of grasses as affected by FSP application level, but herbage yields of grass species were increased by nitrogen application compared to that without nitrogen application. Botanical composition of white clover decreased with an increase of nitrogen application, but increased with an increase of FSP application level. Percentages of weeds were not affected by application rates of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and swine manure in the mixed species pasture. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents of species in the pasture significantly increased with increasing application rates of nitrogen fertilizer. In conclusion, it would be an optimum to apply 150 kgha of inorganic chemical fertilizer and plus either 3 or 6 toniha of fermented swine manure with sawdust for optimum production of mixed pasture on Cheju Island. (Key words : Herbage production, Botanical composition, Morphology, Plant mineral contents)

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2009

환경조건이 불량한 고랭지 경사지 밭에서 정식 초기 산채 (곰취, 참취)류의 생육 및 수량과양분함량의 관계를 검토하고자 시험을 실시하였다. 시험 후 토양 화학성 변화는 참취, 곰취 시험포 모두 비료 시용량이 증가함에 따라 다소 높아졌고, 토양유기물 함량은 요소 처리보다 부산물퇴비 시용구가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 수확기 참취 및 곰취의 총 질소 함량은 질소시비량이 증가 할수록 높아졌으나 부산물퇴비 처리구에서는 경향성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 참취 및 곰취 모두 질소시비량이 많을수록 생육이 양호한 것으로 나타났으며, 참취 생육의 경우 질소 120 kg/ha 처리구와 160 kg/ha 처리구에서 가장 높은 생육을 나타났다. 참취의 수량도 질소 처리 수준이 증가할수록 수량은 증가하여 질소 120 kg/ha 처리구와 160 kg/ha 처리구에서 높게 나타났으며, 160kg/ha 처리구에서는 다소 감소하였으나 통계적으로는 유의성이 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 1989

지황(地黃)의 수량증대(收量增大)와 품질향상(品質向上)을 위한 합리적(合理的)인 시비법(施肥法)을 정립(定立)하기 위하여 삼요소(三要素) 시비량(施肥量)이 지황근경(地黃根莖)의 수량(收量) 및 유효성분함량(有效成分含量)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)하였다. 1. 지황근경(地黃根莖)의 생체(生體) 및 건물수량(乾物收量)은 941~1,494kg/10a와 251~385kg/10a 이었다. 2. 수량(收量)은 질소(窒素) 10kg/10a 이상(以上) 시용(施用)에서 부터 뚜렷한 증가효과(增加效果)가 있었으나, 인산(燐酸)과 가리(加理)의 효과(效果)는 각각(各各) 20kg/10a, 40kg/10a 시용구(施用區)에서만 증수효과(增收效果)가 인정(認定)되었다. 3. Catalpol 함량(含量)은 질소(窒素) 20kg/10a 시용구(施用區)까지 증가(增加)하였으나 그 이상(以上)의 증비효과(增肥效果)는 없었으며 인산(燐酸)과 가리(加理)는 증비효과(增肥效果)는 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 그러나 10a당(當) Catalpol 총(總) 생산량(生産量)은 질소시비량(窒素施肥量) 10kg/10a 이상(以上)에서 부터 크게 증가(增加)하였다. 4. Fructose함량(含量)은 질소(窒素) 20kg/10a 시용구(施用區)부터 감소(減少)하였으며, galactose 함량(含量)은 가리시용(加理施用)으로 감소(減少)하였다. 5. 회분함량(灰分含量)은 질소(窒素)의 시용(施用)으로 감소(減少)하였으나, 에탄올 엑기스함량(含量)은 질소시용(窒素施用)으로 증가(增加)하였다.