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Effect of Carbonized Wastewoods on Soil Improvement (목질폐잔재 탄화물의 토양개량 효과)

  • 이동욱;김병로
    • Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 2001
  • In this study, it was examined the effect of carbonized wastewoods on soil improvement and effect of charcoal size on tree seedling growth Thuja accidentalis seedlings grow better in the charcoal-treated soil than in the non-treated soil. Especially Pinus koraiensis charcoal with good adsorption. brought the best growth result. The charcoal treatment also improved the height growth of transplanted Aesuculus turbinate seedling However charcoal sizes(i.e. powder and particle) did not affect the growth of the seedling. Also apple trees which had been suffering from rotten roots caused by root rot was recovered by application particle-sized charcoal.

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A Case Study of Geometry Teaching and Learning based on Waldorf Education Methods in a Korean Alternative School (발도르프 수학교육 방법을 적용한 우리나라 대안학교 기하단원 교수·학습에 관한 사례연구)

  • Song, Man Ho;Kim, Young-Ok
    • East Asian mathematical journal
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.197-222
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this research is to find out if it is possible to apply the Waldorf School's mathematics education method to Korean alternative schools which are run under the national curriculum. To achieve this, the researcher conducted class on geometry for three weeks with ten 7th graders(four girls and six boys) from Apple Tree Waldorf alternative school in Busan, which has adopted Valdorf education courses. For the first two weeks, the class was about 'fundamental geometrical construction', and then it was evaluated. On the third week, the lesson was on plane figures, followed by a test with 9 plane figure questions that are based on general middle school mathematics curriculum. The result shows that most of the students understood 'fundamental geometrical construction'. When it comes to the test on 'plane figures', seven students got 8 out of 9 right, two students got 6 out of 9 right, and one of them had difficulty solving the questions. According to the results of this research, it is thought that there will be no problem for students to understand mathematical concept even if the Waldorf School's mathematics education method is applied to Korean alternative schools. Also, the Waldorf School's mathematics education method is considered to be a good teaching model for the Korean mathematics curriculum which places emphasis on 'mathematical creativity' in regard to the curriculum and contents.

Outbreak of Phytophthora Rot on Pear Under Environmental Conditions Favorable to the Disease

  • Jee, Hyeong-Jin;Cho, Weon-Dae;Nam, Ki-Woong;Park, Young-Seob
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.231-235
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    • 2001
  • From April to May 1998, Phytophthora rot on pear, which has not been reported in Korea before, became an epidemic in the southeast part of the country under abnormally higher temperature and prolonged rainy days. Average temperature was about $3^{\circ}$ higher than in normal years, and 29 days were rainy during the 2 months in the areas surveyed. Over 1,000 orchards estimated at about 270 ha in 19 cultivation areas were infected by the disease, which occurred on all parts of the tree such as leaves, shoots, branches, stems, and flower clusters. Among 43 isolates collected from various locations and plant parts, 41 were identified as Phytophthora cactorum while 2 were identified as P. cambivora based on their mycological characteristics. The representative isolates revealed strong pathogenicity not only to pear but also to apple and peach. Among 23 pear cultivars tested, 7 were estimated as susceptible, 4 were moderate, and 11 were resistant to the pathogen. Results suggest that Phytophthora disease on pear is a potential threat to pear cultivation when environmental factors are favorable to disease development.

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Fruit Quality of 'Tsugaru' Apples Influenced by Meteorological Elements (사과 '쓰가루' 품종의 과실 품질에 영향을 미치는 기후요인)

  • Hyeong-Ho Seo;Hee-Seung Park
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.218-225
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    • 2003
  • An analytical study was conducted in 2002 to observe the relationship between meteorological elements and the fruit quality of 'Tsugaru' apples at 8 orchards. The higher average air temperature in August made a higher content of soluble solids, but showed a lower anthocyanin content. As the average air temperature from April through August increased, flesh firmness decreased; and as the maximum air temperature from April through August increased, Hunter a value also decreased. Additionally, it was observed that the cytohistological characteristics of 'Tsugaru' apples were correlated with the average air temperature during the growing season. As average air temperature during the growing season increased, the epidermal layer of the fruit skin became thinner, starch density in the flesh decreased, intercellular space was larger, and tissue structure became looser.

The Historical Study of Korean Traditional Funtional Food (한국의 전통적 기능성 식품의 이용에 대한 역사적 고찰)

  • 한복진
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.235-255
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    • 1996
  • Natural substances, exploited in our daily life, have been applied to drugs to treat diseases and developed to functional foods by appropriate preparations, and these foods give beneficial effects on physical activities. In this paper, the utilization of traditional functional foods was studied with refer ring to old ancient writings published in the front-end of Chosun dynasty. The utilized vegetables were march mallow, turnip, radish, Chinese cabbage, lettuce, spinach, cucumber winter buds, flesh of a cabbage, eggplant, taro, burdock, Parsley, watershield plant, crown daisy, bamboo shoots, garlic, scallion, onion, acorn, bark of a tree, white goosefoot leaf, leaf of bean, pine mushroom, bracken. yam, mugwort, tea, ginseng, peppermint, fruit of the Maximowiczia chinensis, smartweed and pepper. The utilized fruits were chestnut, Chinese date, pine nuts, walnut, gingko nut, citrus. crab apple, pear, peach, grape, pomegranate, plum, Chinese quince, fig and watermelon. The utilized cereal were rice, barley, bean, buckweat and Job's-tears. The utilized sweetenings and seasonings were honey, wheat-gluten, sugar, oil, salt, soy sauce and vinegar. Our ancestors had a balanced diet using the various foods, and especially had a fundamental concept of "Foods have the efficacy of a remedy".edy".uot;.

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The Effect of Perceived Stress on Suicidal Ideation Due to COVID-19 of College Students: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Hopelessness

  • KIM, Yun Gyeong;JEONG, Jiyoon;LIM, Jaejeong;SEO, Bo-Kyung
    • The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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    • v.7 no.5
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    • pp.19-31
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    • 2021
  • The purpose of this study is to examine whether there is a mediating effect of hopelessness the relationship between perceived stress and suicidal ideation in college students. For this study, a survey was conducted on perceived stress, suicidal ideation, and mental health, self-esteem, problem drinking, and stress among 103 college studentsin Gyeonggi do. The results of this study are as follows. It was found that COVID-19 correlated with perceived stress, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation of college students. The hopelessness completely mediated between perceived stress and suicidal thoughts of college students, which is consistent with previous studies. This study is meaningful in that it confirmed relationship between the perceived stress, hopelessness, and suicidal ideations in college students due to COVID-19, reflecting the new situation of the times. Coronavirus will worsen people's mental health disorders and cause new stress-related disorders. Therefore, mental health researchers, clinicians, and people working in trauma-related fields should find ways to reduce the incidence of coronavirus-related trauma stress and prevent its effects. It is necessary to expand the psychological vaccine program to improve the resilience of the public. Since there are individual differences in resilience, it is necessary to strengthen the psychological vaccine program for each subject considering resilience.

Field Application Techniques of Simultaneous Mating Disruptor Against Grapholita molesta and G. dimorpha (복숭아순나방과 복숭아순나방붙이에 대한 동시 교미교란제의 현장 적용 기술)

  • Cho, Jum-Rae;Park, Chang-Gyu;Park, Il-Kweon;Kim, Yonggyun
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.57 no.3
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    • pp.209-220
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    • 2018
  • Mating disruption (MD) has been widely used to effectively control Grapholita molesta in apple orchards. A simultaneous mating disruption (SMD) techniques have been developed to control both G. molesta and G. dimorpha. This study was performed to determine the practical parameters to apply the SMD technique to field conditions. To determine the application amount of SMD lures, a dispenser containing 10 mg pheromone was placed at different numbers of trees in an orchard. Application at every other tree (= one dispenser per two trees) was relatively safe to expect effective MD efficiency in both wax and polyethylene (PE) formulations. One time application at the end of March was enough to maintain a year round MD efficacy against both species. A fence treatment using food trap was applied to prevent any immigratory mated females from nearby untreated regions. To enhance the food trap by adding host-derived secondary compounds, terpinyl acetate (TA) was screened to be effective to attract females of Grapholita molesta among six compounds contained in apple fruit extracts. Among different TA concentrations, 0.05% TA treatment was the most effective to attract the adults. A mixture of TA and sugar was effective to attract and kill females and called FAKT (female attract-to-kill techniques). FAKT was treated at approximately 6 m interval at the edge of the apple orchards. The females trapped by the FAKT included mated females possessing vitellogenic oocytes. SMD supplemented with FAKT maintained the high MD efficacy and significantly suppressed leaf damage induced by the two insect pests compared to control or single SMD treatment.

Effects of Wind Net Shading and Sprinkling on Growing Conditions and Fruit Quality in 'Hongro' and 'Fuji' Apple Fruits (방풍망 차광시설 및 미세살수 처리가 '홍로' 및 '후지' 사과나무의 생육환경 및 과실 품질에 미치는 영향)

  • Kang, Kyeong-Jin;Seo, Jeong-Hak;Yoon, Hong-Ki;Seo, Jeong-Seok;Choi, Taek-Yong;Chun, Jong-Pil
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.126-133
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    • 2019
  • In recent years, the deterioration of fruit quality caused by poor coloration and sunburn disorder has become serious problems in apple market, which is a result of the increase of surface temperature due to the abnormal temperature increase during summer season. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of wind net shading and fine water spray using sprinkler on fruit coloration, sunburn damage and overall fruit quality of 'Fuji' and 'Hongro' apples. Fifteen sprinklers (7L/hr) were installed at the orchard of the Chungcheongnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, located in Sinam-myeon Chungcheongnam-do Korea, at a height of 3m above the apple tree of $1.5m{\times}3.5m$ north-south direction. Fine water spraying treatment was divided into day time spray (10:00 am to 6:00 pm) and all day spray (10:00 am to 10:00 pm) from early July to 10 days before harvest in 2017 and 2018 season, respectively. Temperature of the surface of apple fruit, characteristic of fruit, and degree of sunburn damage were investigated. In 'Fuji', the fruit surface temperature checked at 2 pm on August 10 was decreased considerably in the day time spray ($35.6^{\circ}C$) and wind net ($39.0^{\circ}C$) when compared with the untreated control ($44.4^{\circ}C$). Similarly, the fruit surface temperature also decreased considerably in the all day spray ($35.1^{\circ}C$) and wind net ($36.9^{\circ}C$) treatments when compared with the untreated control ($46.5^{\circ}C$) in 'Hongro' apples. The incidence of sunburn disorder was significantly decreased with day time spray (5.0%), all day spray (5.8%) and wind net (7.0%) when compared with untreated control (23.4%) in 'Fuji' apples. As a results, the treatment of fine water spray and wind net consequently showed 26% and 34% increase of redness ($a^*$) value in the skin color difference, respectively, in 'Fuji' apples.

Occurrence of Stone Fruit Viruses on Peach Trees (Prunus persica L. Batsch) in Korea (국내에서 발생하는 복숭아 바이러스병)

  • Cho, In Sook;Cho, Jeom Doeg;Choi, Seung Kook;Choi, Gug Seoun
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.391-395
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    • 2012
  • To investigate the occurrence of viruses in peach, leaf samples were collected from peach trees in commercial orchard of six areas in Korea. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to identify the presence of the following stone fruit viruses: Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV), Prune dwarf virus (PDV), Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) and Plum pox virus (PPV). About 65.0% of the 515 samples were infected with ACLSV and PNRSV. Virus-like symptoms showing mosaic on leaves was observed in ACLSV infected peach trees. However, PNRSV infected peach trees showed no symptoms. These viral DNAs by sequence analysis were confirmed 4 ACLSV isolates and 3 PNRSV isolates. The Korean peach isolates of ACLSV and PNRSV showed 70-99% and 88-99% amino acid sequence identities, respectively, with those reported previously and their amino acid sequence identities with each other were approximately 95% and 88%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Korean ACLSV isolates belong to the A group of ACLSV. The Korean PNRSV isolates reported in this study were grouped into I (PV32), II (PV96) and III (PE5) groups.

Growth and Fruit Characteristics of Aneuploid Apple Obtained from Crosses between Diploid and Triploid (이배체와 삼배체를 교배하여 얻은 이수체의 생장과 과일 특성)

  • Zhang, Chun-Hua;Park, Sung-Min
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.481-491
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    • 2009
  • This study was conducted to observe some characteristics of aneuploid trees obtained from the crosses between diploid and triploid in the first experiment. The results showed that the difference among the percentage of aneuploid's pollen grain germination was large, and all of them were lower than that of diploid 'Hongro' (82.4%). The average weight and size of each aneuploid's fruit was far lighter and smaller than that of diploid 'Hongro'. According to the width and length, all of the fruits shape was flat or short-globose conical shape except for JF3942. Almost all the aneuploid had higher sugar content than 'Hongro', nearly half of aneuploid fruits were firmer than that of diploid 'Hongro'. As for the acid contents of aneuploid fruits, the results were greatly different from those of previous studies on diploid apples, in present study the citric acid and tartaric acid contents were more than the malic acid which are dominant acid in most cultivars of apples. Both the length and width of aneuploid tree were shorter than that of diploid 'Hongro'. Most aneuploid trees' height was longer than width, but there were 4 exceptions. The size of leaves was smaller than that of diploid 'Hongro' according to the length and width of leaves measured. In all, aneuploid's vegetative growth is not as vigorous as diploid.