• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.385-395
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• 2011

This study investigates the buying behavior of apparel by middle aged women according to lifestyles. Questionnaires were distributed to 300 women who lived in the Seoul area and between 40 to 65 years of age. A sample of 248 women responded. To analyze the data, Factor Analysis, Cluster Analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and a Duncan test were used. As a result, the respondents were clustered into 4 different groups according to lifestyles. The groups included practical oriented group, economic oriented and practical group, active oriented and appearance group, and economic group. Their buying behavior was as follows. First, the active oriented and appearance group shopped at department stores and specialty stores; however, the economic oriented and practical group shopped at discount stores more often than other groups. The practical group shopped more frequently using TV home shopping networks, discount stores, and outlet stores, the economic group shopped at off-price stores, discount stores, and online more than the other groups. Second, the active oriented and appearance group bought classic suits and semi-classic suits, imported brand and/or designer brand apparel more often than other groups. Third, the active oriented and appearance group perceived another person's appearance, advertisement, and shop display as a more important information source than other groups. Forth, the active oriented and appearance group considered design & style, harmony with self-image, brand name, color, and coordination with other clothing as more important selection factors for clothing than other groups. The economic groups considered coordination with other clothing; however, the economic oriented and practical group cited ease of care as more important factors.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.9
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• pp.153-173
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of store service quality, evaluative criteria, perceived risk and impulsive buying behavior of apparels. Data were collected from 481 women living in Busan and analysed by factor analysis, frequency analysis, Cronbach's $\alpha$, multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows: 1. The overall perceived risk was emerged the relationship to the easy-of-care and prestige/brand royalty of apparel products in evaluative criteria. The lower scores of salesperson service and store atmosphere were the high perceived performance risk by consumers. But the color/style of apparel products influenced positively performance risk. The care risk was emerged the relationship to the easy-of-care. And the time convenience loss risk and socio-psychological risk was influenced by prestige/brand royalty of apparel products. 2. The impulsive buying behavior of apparel products was influenced by care risk, performance risk and the store atmosphere. The results showed that perceived risk were influenced partially by store service quality and evaluative criteria of apparel. When were impulsive buying behavior of apparel products, consumers were influenced by care risk that easy-of-care and change after cleaning, and performance risk that coordination and the cost of buying, and then, were influence by store atmosphere and interior.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1017-1030
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate learning desire based on the interests, application of clothing and textiles in Technology Home Economics curriculum of middle school. For this research, a questionnaire survey was conducted to 404 middle school students living in Seoul and Kyunggi areas. The data was analyzed by frequency, descriptive statistics, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan-test using SPSS 14.0. The conclusions of this study are as follows: First, the perception of middle school student for Technology Home Economics was low. Students were interested not in the clothing and textile education but in getting dressed specially, and purchasing of clothes. Second, the more interested in the area of clothing and textiles, the higher is the application of apparels coordination, apparel purchase, and apparel management. And the more interested in the area of clothing and textiles, the higher is the desire in class contents. Therefore, teaching-learning methods should be developed to improve middle school students' interests, and applications in the clothing and textiles.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.10 s.200
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• pp.53-61
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to provide information for the manufacturers of shoes for males to develop more adequate footwear. The data was collected through a questionnaire on purchasing and wearing practices of footwear, and overall satisfaction with the shoes for males. The questionnaire survey was conducted on 237 male adults in the Cheongju area. Most of the respondents were commuting by their own cars and the average walking time in their shoes was five minutes per day. The main reasons for buying new footwear were to replace the worn out footwear or to adapt the color and design coordination with other apparel. Males generally bought footwear from sports brand retailers and individual footwear stores. The criteria for purchasing in order of considered were size, design, price, comfort, and style coordination. During the spring, autumn and winter seasons, the footwear of first choice was ordinary shoes, followed by exercise shoes, but during the summer season they wore sandals next to the ordinary shoes. Regarding the form of the shoes, they preferred classic models with round front and strings. They were satisfied with the design, color and size of the shoes, but the price, quality and durability of the material were considered to be unsatisfactory.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.312-319
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to provide information for the manufacturer of shoes. The data was collected through a questionnaire on purchasing practices, wearing state and overall satisfaction with shoes for high school students. The questionnaire survey was conducted on 598 high school students(49.2％ male students, 50.8％ female students) in the Cheongju area. Statistical tests such as frequencies, percentages, and crosstabs were conducted to analyze the data. The results were as follows： 1) The main reasons for buying new shoes were replacing worn out shoes or color and design coordination with other apparel. 2) Male students bought shoes generally from shoe stores and sports brand retailers, but female students bought mainly from shoe stores. The order of criteria considered for purchasing was design, size, price, color, style coordination and comfort. 3) While attending school, male students geneially wore sports shoes, but female students wore sports shoes and dress shoes by similar ratio. 4) The male students used primarily ordinary sports shoes and casual shoes secondarily, and for female students, primarily ordinary sports shoes and sneakers secondarily. 5) They were satisfied with shoe design and color but quality of the material and durability were unsatisfactory. 6) When they wore shoes for long hours, they experienced fatigue of the whole leg and general discomfort, blisters on the feet, and red skin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.691-703
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• 2013

The costume culture of ladies in late Goryeo is an important and rare source for cultural fashion souvenir design. This study investigates the historical costume design sources of late Goryeo to suggest high quality traditional and practical ornament souvenir designs for female dolls as well as examples of coordination with doll costumes. The costume culture of late Goryeo contained golden Buddhism and a revival of $12^{th}$ century Goryeo costume characteristic after the period of Mongolian influences from the Yuan. The main sources for doll ornament designs are $14^{th}$ century Buddhist paintings, a few ornament relics of Goryeo, ancient literature, and portraits of ladies in the $14^{th}$ century that originated from five doll's traditional ornaments (lotus hairpin, cloud-shaped hairpin, Buddhist flower hair ornament, vase-shaped Binyeo, and bell of animalhuman face) and three wig designs (wigs from Buddhist paintings and portraits, and hairpiece) with bleached gilding silver, silk, various gemstones and synthetic hair. These doll ornament and wig designs imply the symbol of Buddhism, exorcism, and costume culture of $14^{th}$ century Goryeo ladies that can be matched with two doll gowns, half-sleeved jacket, skirt, two Jogoris, apron, under trousers as formal, semi-formal, and town-wear according to the T.P.O of late Goryeo; in addition, five ornaments can be used as owner's ornaments. The partial changing colors and materials due to the characteristics of doll ornament goods as well as better communication between researcher and constructor remain to be improved.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.853-864
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to measure consumption values and to investigate the differences in the process of decision making when purchasing apparel products among groups divided by consumption values. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 550 subjects in their 20's and 30's from Sepember 29th to October 25th in 2001; 463 were used for the data analysis. The results of this study were as follows; Consumption values were classified into five factors: Practical/functional value, Social/conformitive value, Subjective/aesthetic value, Epistemic value and Conspicuous value. Subjects were classified into 4 groups based on consumption values: the Conspicuous, the Epistemic, the Social/conformitive and the Indifferent. There were significant differences among the four groups in selected motives in the problem recognition process. Significant differences were found among the groups in own taste & personality in the information search process. Significant difference were also found in the importance of design, color, price, coordination, fashion and self-image in the alternative evaluation process.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.177-191
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze the signification system between logo and brand concept systematically in sportswear brands. For this purpose, 37 apparel brands focused on sportswear brand were selected and the results of the study were following : First, the sportswear brands that symbolize a specific sports used a related supplies such as a golf ball or tennis ball, etc to express sports or concept that pursuit each brand. Second, the sportswear brands used the brand logo that represent or symbolize a specific animal, plant and natural world to express a strong spirit of sports and active energy. Third, the sportswear brands used the word mark or symbol that design a brand name in dynamic or speedy typeface to represent a speed and progressive spirit of sports. Fourth, the sportswear brands used the symbols that represent a concrete object, person such as a mast, shield, etc to emphasize the brand concept. Fifth, the sportswear brands used the symbols of a graphic or geometric style to represent the special quality of brand in type.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.133-149
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• 2007

Amid a wave of informatization, the world is allowing diverse exchanges and cooperations in the global village to be promoted. And, a change in the life environment and the consumption pattern allows the key word in distribution revolution called 'online' and 'emotion' to be recalled. As the emotion is being positioned as the trend of the new era, this study has its significance in that even the fashion industry desperately requires the emotion marketing aiming at the artistic value and practicality in fashion and the creation in value-added, and requires the development and utilization plan for diverse VMD programs on the rational dress shop, like the successful case of the trendy shop such as America's large bookstore 'Barnes & Noble.' Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to design and suggest the virtually trendy dress shop as one plan of utilizing VMD, by examining about the fashion business environment and about 'emotion trend' according to the consumer purchase needs, and through researching into the cases of the trendy dress shops with the emotion marketing. The virtual trendy dress shop 'Muse,' which was proposed as its research result, was designed with having the main concept as urban naturalism, which points to the urban and sophisticated coordination, and to the simple personality and rational value, as one method of utilizing VMD in the differentiated dress shop. And, it is desired to be performed the researches on the development and the utilization plan for diverse VMD programs in the dress shop down the road.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.4 s.103
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• pp.124-133
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• 2006

Human hair could be damaged by various physicochemical conditions and treatment. Permanent and decoloring treatment were the most serious factor on hair damage. The new permanent wave lotion containing Permeation enhancers such as Cremophor EL, Transcutol and propylene glycol based on cysteine permanent wave lotion were prepared. Efficiency of permanent wave and hair damage following pH of permanent wave lotion and addition of permeation enhancer were investigated. PH of solution, wave efficiency, loss of protein from hair, morphology of hair by SEM and solubility of alkaline solution were evaluated. The addition of Cremophor EL and Transcutol with ethanol increased permanent wave efficacy and decreased hair damage effectively. They diminished permanent wave lotion's pH and augmented permanent wave lotion's penetration compare to cysteine permanent wave lotion. new permanent wave lotion containing permeation enhancers such as Cremophor EL could be a good candidate for a new permanent wave lotion.