• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.76.1-76.6
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• 2023

An 11-year-old neutered male Miniature Poodle with a stage 3 apocrine gland adenocarcinoma was started on chemotherapy with toceranib phosphate after surgery. Beginning on day 10 of toceranib, the dog's foot pads became erythematous and hyperkeratinized. The dog complained of pain, inability to walk, depression, and loss of appetite. The symptoms resolved when toceranib was discontinued and reappeared when toceranib was resumed. Grade 3 palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia was identified as an adverse event of toceranib based on the VCOG-CTCAE and Naranjo scale. Although very rare in veterinary medicine, clinicians should consider that palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia can occur after toceranib administration.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.440-444
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• 2013

Background Axillary osmidrosis is characterized by unpleasant odors originating from the axillary apocrine glands, resulting in psychosocial stress. The main treatment modality is apocrine gland removal. Until now, of the various surgical techniques have sometimes caused serious complications. We describe herein the favorable outcomes of a new method for ablating apocrine glands by minimal subdermal shaving using sclerotherapy with absolute ethanol. Methods A total of 12 patients underwent the procedure. The severity of osmidrosis was evaluated before surgery. Conventional subdermal shaving was performed on one side (control group) and ablation by means of minimal subdermal shaving and absolute ethanol on the other side (study group). Postoperative outcomes were compared between the study and control groups. Results The length of time to removal of the drain was 1 day shorter in the study group than in the control group. There were no serious complications, such as hematoma or seroma, in either group, but flap margin necrosis and flap desquamation occurred in the control group, and were successfully managed with conservative treatment. Six months after surgery, we and our patients were satisfied with the outcomes. Conclusions Sclerotherapy using absolute ethanol combined with minimal subdermal shaving may be useful for the treatment of axillary osmidrosis. It can reduce the incidence of seroma and hematoma and allow the skin flap to adhere to its recipient site. It can degrade and ablate the remaining apocrine glands and eliminate causative organisms. Furthermore, since this technique is relatively simple, it takes less time than the conventional method.

• 한국임상수의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국임상수의학회 2008년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.151-151
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• 2008

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.606-611
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• 2009

2006-2008년에 5마리의 환자가 아포크린샘암종으로 진단받았다. 품종은 다양하였으며 진단 당시 평균 연령은 11세이었다. 이들 중 3마리에서 종양으로 인한 고칼슘혈증이 발생하였으며, 한 마리는 화학요법(chemotherapy) 받지 않고 진단 1달 후 사망하였다. 나머지 네 마리의 환자들은 항암제 투여, 수술 등의 방법으로 치료를 받았으며 수술과 화학요법을 병행한 환자는 치료 종료 후 9개월째 완전완화(complete remission) 상태를 유지하고 있다. 화학요법만 받은 3마리의 환자들은 질병지속(stable disease) 상태로 유지되고 있으며 이 중 한 마리는 진단 후 2개월째에 사망하였다. 따라서 개의 아포크린샘암종의 치료법으로 수술 및 방사선 치료를 적용할 수 없는 경우에, 항종양제 단독 투여는 보조적으로 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국임상수의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국임상수의학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.133-133
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• 2006

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2012

Thermoregulatory sweat is principal mean for homeostasis of temperature. Sweat glands have eccrine gland, apocrine gland, and apoeccrine glands. Disorders of sweating are manifested by excess (hyperhidrosis) or deficit (hypohidrosis, anhidrosis) of sweat. Hyperhidrosis can be defined as excessive sweating beyond a level required to maintain normal body temperature. The sweating can be generalized or localized (axilla, palms, soles, palmar-plantar, perineal). Usually hypohidrosis or anhidrosis may be more serious than hyperhidrosis. Hyperhidrosis is usually benign, but interferes with one's daily activities. First step for diagnostic approach for sweating disorders might be dividing them into localized or generalized, and primary or secondary forms. Treatement for hyperhidrosis include topical agents, botulinum toxin A injections, systemic anticholinergics, and sympathectomy.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 2009

Purpose: Excessive apocrine gland secretion and bacterial decomposition cause axillary osmidrosis, which results in physical discomforts and social problems of patients. Many surgical procedures have been introduced such as skin excision and simple closure, local flap, skin graft, subcutaneous shaving and liposuction method, but the result was not satisfactory to patients and several complications, such as symptom recurrence, hematoma, seroma, delayed wound healing, skin flap necrosis and scarring remain as problems. Methods: For the purpose of reducing these problems, we employed combination treatment of liposuction and rasping method. From January 2006 to February 2008, Total 54 patients were treated with this procedure for bilateral axillary osmidrosis. Results: Follow - up evaluation period was from 2 months to 12 months, and the results were satisfactory. In our method, the length of skin incision is less than 1 cm, so the resultant scar is negligible. Apocrine glands in subcutaneous tissue were mostly removed by liposuction apparatus and remained other glands in subdermal area were mostly removed by rasping. The recurrence rate and postoperative complication were minimal. Conclusion: Our method is very simple, short operation time and excellent results without specific complication.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.145-152
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• 1998

The spinning apparatus and production of secretory silk from silk gland of the black widow spider, Latrodectus mactans were studied with scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The silk glands were located in seven groups on the spinnerets including each pair of major and minor ampullate, 3 pairs of tubuliform, 1 pair of flagelliform, 2 pairs of aggregate, about 50 pairs of pyriform and over 250 pairs of aciniform glands, respect- ively. Each group of silk gland feeds silk into one of the three spinneret pairs. Secretory silk is synthesized from rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) of glandular epithelial cells. The secretory silk is transported from toe rER into the secretory vacuoles which are grown up by fusion with the surrounding small vesicles including the secretory silk. The secretory vacuoles, which show a gradual increase in electron density with the process of maturity, are formed without involvement of the Golgi complex, suggesting that they do not play an important role in the processing of the secretory silk. The secretory silk products are released by the mechanism of apocrine secretion, losing part of their cytoplasm. Moreover, another type of silk precursor, possibly protein, appears as granular material, and is also discharged to the luminal cavity.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.513-520
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• 1998

Though the wandering spiders do not produce webs for prey-catching, they have silk producing apparatus. Among the four kinds of silk glands in the wolf spider, Pardosa astrigera, the ampullate one is the most predominant gland in both sexes, and is composed of three functional parts; excretory duct, storage ampulla and convoluted tail regions. The duct is basically composed of three superposed types of layers which are inner cuticles, monolayered epithelial cells and peripheral connective cells. The electron lucent subcuticles which have the functions of water removal and orientation of silk fibers during polymerization are well developed at the anterior region near the spinneret. Whereas the endocuticles which contain two types of banding patterns at the cross section are developed at the rest of the duct region. The secretory silks are synthesized within the glandular epithelial cells of the tail as secretory granules, and then released to the inner cavity of the storage ampulla by the mechanism of apocrine secretion. Most of these secretory vesicles are originated from the rough endoplasmic reticula of the glandular epithelial cells, whereas no Golgi complexes are found in any of the cells which have been examined.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.77-90
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• 1988

The ultrastructure of the excretory duct of the large ampullate gland in the orb web spider, Nephila clavain L. Koch are studied with light and electron microscopes. The excretory ducts of the large ampullate glands connected with the large spinning tubes(spigots) on the anterior spinnerets are basically composed of three superposed types of the layers which are inner cuticles, monolayered epithelial cells and peripheral connective cells. According to the morphological characteristics of the cuticles and internal textures of the epithelial cells, the long excretory ducts are subdivided into three(distal, middle and proximal) portions. Especially, at the distal portion of the ducts near the spinning tubes, the electron lucent subcuticles which had the functions of water removal and orientation of silk fibers are well distributed, whereas at the middle and proximal portions these layers disappeared and instead of these, endocuticles are developed. The endocuticle contains two types of bands, which are electron dense and electron lucent. And along the length of the cuticular stem in the excretory duct, these two alternating bands are twisted spirally. In the cytoplasm of the columnar epithelial cells of the distal portion, rough endoplasmic reticula and Golgj complexes, related to the production of the cuticular materials are well developed. Between the adjacent epithelial cells, specialized septate junctions and desmosomes are formed along the plasma membranes. At the proximal portion of the duct, densely accumulated secretory materials appeared, and these are released to the inner canal by the apocrine secretion.