• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제28권6호
• /
• pp.232-241
• /
• 2016

Installing a ventilator for an apartment house composed of over 100 dwelling units was mandated in 2006 to improve indoor air quality. In the case of mechanical ventilators, the air change rate is kept stable, however 68% of dwellers do not operate their ventilator because of an increased electrical bill and noise. In the case of natural ventilators, the former problems are settled, but there are concerns about cold draught and an increase of heating/cooling cost. Authors are developing a heat recovery type natural ventilator which is a natural ventilator equipped with total heat recovery element, and it is expected that those problems of mechanical ventilator and natural ventilator are resolved by this. The combined type diffuser of this study is an under developed fit to the heat recovery type natural ventilator above. There are no standards to evaluate the performance for this type of diffuser. Due to this issue this study investigated the performance of the ventilation and maintained a thermal environment for the combined type diffuser by comparing it with existing diffusers. The results revealed that the performances of the combined type of diffusers showed different features from the existing ones, and was estimated to be high enough in the performances above.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.173-186
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study is to find out understand the resident's subjective responses to physical indoor environment. The questionnaire survey was carried out to measure form Jan. 8th to Feb. 2th in 1996, the typical external climate of winter in Korea. The subjects were four hundred and eleven housewives, living in apartments of RC structure I Ilsan apartment complex. As the result, residents usual ventilate once or twice a day by opening outward windows for about ten minutes. Unpleasant smell producted by cooking and wet garbage made most of them negatively respond to kitchen's air quality. regression analysis of relativeness between sense of air freshness smell, dust and comfort revealed that sense of comfort was the most highly related with the extent of bad smell. Housing factors such as size of apartments and ventilating, smoking and gas usage had significant effects on indoor air quality and the subjective responses in winter. Therefore it is especially important to consider air pollution problem from the beginning stage when planning small apartments. It is required that the government of environment has to emphasize the importance of ventilation to residents, and makes an effort to establish the design criteria on indoor air quality in house.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.49-54
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the indoor temperature distribution of a room controlled by a personal and portable cooler. As an energy saving strategy, the personal air-conditioning or task conditioning system was developed and installed in office buildings in the 90 s. Many research results regarding the personal air-conditioning (PAC) system were focused on thermal comfort, localized ventilation efficiency and energy savings. However, the conventional PACs were only developed for application in office buildings. In this study, as a type of PAC, a portable cooler was analyzed in terms of indoor temperature distribution changes with the passage of time. The measurement was performed in a bedroom in an apartment house. The results showed that indoor temperature was controlled at about $24^{\circ}C$ around the human body. However, the ambient zone up to 1.5 m away from the the human body stayed at about $27.5^{\circ}C$.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.465-470
• /
• 2017

본 논문은 가전로봇 항해 성능 개선을 위하여 사용된 SLAM기반 확률적 필터 개선 알고리즘을 이용하여 최근 각광받고 있는 사물인터넷과 융합한 아파트 실내나 베란다에서 사용이 가능한 스마트 가든 시스템을 설계 구현하였다. 이를 위하여 개방하드웨어 제어기인 아두이노와 센서들을 이용하였고, 세 가지 무선방식(블루투스, 이더넷, 와이파이)으로 자동 급수 및 조명, 성장모니터링을 제어 및 관찰이 가능하도록 설계하였다. 본 시스템은 이미 많은 활용이 되고 있는 기존의 식물공장과 같은 대규모 재배 시스템이 아니고 아파트와 같은 실내에서 사용 할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 개발되었다. 개발된 시스템은 스마트폰 앱을 통한 제어는 물론 토양센서, 조도센서, 습도센서, 온도센서 등을 이용하여 환경데이터를 수집하고 수집된 데이터를 분석하여 급수펌프와 LED 램프, 온도를 제어하기 위한 환기팬 등의 기능으로 구성되었다. 무선 원격제어 방법으로는 블루투스, 이더넷, 와이파이 등이 모두 가능하도록 구현 하였다. 따라서 사용자가 집안에 없을 때 원격 제어 및 모니터링이 가능하도록 설계하였다.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.321-327
• /
• 2007

In an apartment house that is generally air-tight and well insulated, the combustion gas from cooking devices is the major source of air pollution in the kitchen. It spreads throughout the house affecting the overall Indoor all quality. In this study, the performance of the kitchen range hood which employs air induction and air curtain was investigated by numerical simulation. The results are compared with that of two other kitchen range hoods which are in general use. The two general types of range hoods considered in the present calculations are box and plate type range hoods. The former has a large capture space between the filter and suction duct, while the latter has little. It was found that the capture efficiency of the kitchen range hood with air induction and air curtain Is higher than that of the general types of range hoods by 20% approximately The reason may be because the air induction and the air curtain block the air stream escaping from the front and the side part of range hoods effectively and because an additional fan for air induction and air curtain increases suction flow rates.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.257-261
• /
• 2015

라돈은 우라늄-238과 토륨-232가 방사성붕괴 과정을 거친 후 생성되며, 무색, 무취의 불활성 기체로서 지하 또는 밀폐된 공간에 축적된다. 우라늄-238과 토륨-232는 지각의 암석이나 토양 등에 포함 돼 있다. 건축자재는 암석이나 토양을 재료로하여 만들어 진다. 가스 형태의 라돈은 호흡기를 통해 폐로 유입되고 라돈의 딸핵종이 폐나 기관지에 침적 되어 폐암을 일으키는 원인이 된다. 본 연구는 광주광역시 광산구에 위치한 신축 아파트를 대상으로 창문을 닫고 열은 상태에서 라돈 측정기를 이용하여 측정하였다. 측정 결과로 보아 신축 아파트 실내 평균 라돈농도는 미국 일반인 공기 중 라돈가스 최대허용농도 기준치 4 pCi보다 이하의 값이 나타난다는 것을 볼 수 있다. 측정 결과로 볼 때 신축 아파트의 라돈농도로 인한 피폭은 크지 않을 것으로 예상한다. 그러나 라돈가스가 신체 내에 축적이 되면 폐와 같은 경우는 폐암과 같은 피폭에 의한 피해를 얻을 수 있으므로 방사선 방어적 측면에서 측정 결과와 같이 라돈 농도를 낮추기 위해 창문을 자주 열어 환기를 시켜 피폭을 줄이는 것이 필요하다고 생각 된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.31-44
• /
• 1986

연자들은 동하계의 실내의 공기오염의 주인자 가운데 하나인 $NO_2$에 대하여 주택의 종류(아파트, 독립주택)와 취사용 주연료의 종류(연탄, 가스)별로 부산지역의 110개 주택을 대상으로 주택 옥내 (부엌, 거실, 침실)와 옥외의 농도를 각각 산정하여 현재의 $NO_2$ 오염정도를 파악함은 물론 실내 $NO_2$농도와 부엌환기, 가족수, 흡연등과의 관련성 및 $NO_2$의 영향(천식)에 관한 기본적 연구를 실시함으로써 $NO_2$에 의한 인체장해 예방을 위한 자료로 제시하고자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 조사기간은 1984년 10월부터 1985년 9월까지 1년간이었으며, $NO_2$측정은 Palmes method에 의하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 동계 도시 주택의 옥내외 $NO_2$의 평균농도는 부엌 0.029($0.010{\sim}0.085$)ppm, 거실 0.022$(0.005{\sim}0.056)$ppm, 침실 0.017$(0.005{\sim}0.055)$ppm 및 옥외0.021$(0.007{\sim}0.055)$ppm등이었고, 하계에는 부엌 0.022$(0.005{\sim}0.063)$ppm, 거실 0.018$(0.005{\sim}0.056)$ppm, 침실 0.016$(0.004{\sim}0.057)ppm$ 및 옥외 0.016$(0.004{\sim}0.038)$ppm등으로 동하계 공히 부엌내 농도가 최고이었으며 하계보다 동계에 비교적 높은 농도를 나타내었다. 2) 주택과 취사용 주연료의 종류별 도시 주택 옥내외 $NO_2$ 평균농도는 동계의 경우 연탄을 주로 사용하는 아파트군에서 그리고 하계에는 가스를 사용하는 아파트군에서 각각 최고이었다. 3) 주택의 종류별 도시 주택의 옥내외 $NO_2$의 평균 농도는 동하계 공히 독립주택군에 비하여 아파트군에서 비교적 높았다. 4) 취사용 주연료의 종류별 도시 주택 옥내외 $NO_2$의 평균농도는 동계에는 연탄을 주로 사용하는 경우, 그리고 하계에는 가스를 주로 사용하는 경우에서 각각 비교적 높았다. 5) 부엌 환기 여부, 가족수, 부모의 흡연여부 및 소아 천식병력 유무에 따른 도시 주택 실내 $NO_2$의 평균 농도는 각 속성에 따라 다소의 차이를 보였으나 대부분 통계적으로는 유의하지 않았다.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
• /
• 제35권11호
• /
• pp.25-34
• /
• 2019

It is important to design windows in a reasonable way considering the performance characteristics of the elements of the window rather than just to increase the thermal energy performance of the window. In this study, the Heat-transfer Coefficient as insulation performance of the windows and together with the grade of the glass's SHGC (Solar Heat Gain Coefficient) were analyzed to relate to the energy efficiency performance of the building by azimuth angle. Based on this basic study, the Heat-transfer Coefficient of windows and the SHGC rating of glass were applied to the unit plan of apartment building, and the Heating and Cooling Demand were analyzed by azimuth angle. Apartment plan types were divided into 2 types of Non-extension and extension of balcony. The designPH analysis data derived from the variant of the Heat-transfer Coefficient and SHGC, were put into PHPP(Passive House Planning Package) to analyze precisely the energy efficiency(Heating and Cooling Demands) of the building by azimuth angle. In addition, assuming the 'ㅁ' shape layout, energy efficiency performance and potential of PV Panel installation also were analyzed by floors and azimuth angle, reflecting the shading effects by surrounding buildings. As the results of the study, the effect of Heat Gain by SHGC was greater than Heat Loss due to the Heat-transfer Coefficient. So it is more effective to increase SHGC to satisfy the same Heating Demand, and increasing SHGC made possible to design windows with low Heat-transfer Coefficient. It was also revealed that the difference in annual Heating and Cooling Demands between the low, mid and high floor households is significantly high. In addition to it, the installation of PV Panel in the form of a shading canopy over the window reduces the Cooling Load while at the same time producing electricity, and also confirmed that absolute thermal energy efficiency could not be maximized without controlling the thermal bridge and ventilation problems as important heat loss factors.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to promote the utilization of wind velocity of kitchen and bathroom exhaust ducts for wind power generation in high-rise apartments. The research content can be summarized as follows: 1) Nine high-rise apartments were examined for the installation of kitchen and bathroom exhaust ducts located in the pipe shaft (PS) section. After selecting simulation candidates, a simulation was performed with the STAR-CCM+ Ver 5.06 program. 2) Of nine high-rise apartments, seven had kitchen and bathroom exhaust ducts, whose cross section was in the range of $0.16m^2{\sim}0.4m^2$. The area ratio between the exhaust ducts and PS section (cross section of exhaust duct/area of PS section ${\times}$ 100) was on average 3.2%. 3) The simulation results were analyzed. As a result, the smaller cross section kitchen and bathroom exhaust ducts had, the more advantages there were for increasing exhaust wind velocity. If an out air inlet duct is installed to the old kitchen and bathroom exhaust ducts, it will increase exhaust wind velocity by 3.01~3.98m/s and contribute to the proper wind velocity level (3.0m/s). 4) When the simultaneous usage rate between the kitchen and bathroom exhaust fan increased from 20% to 60%, exhaust wind velocity increased. The "entire house holds" condition for exhaust fan operation provided more even exhaust wind velocity than the "some house holds" condition. 5) Exhaust wind velocity increased in the order of amplified (T-3), induced (T-2) and vertical (T-1) top of kitchen and bathroom exhaust ducts. Of them, the amplified type (T-3) was under the least influence of external wind velocity and thus the most proper for kitchen and bathroom exhaust duct tops.